Report on

VILLAGE STUDY SEGMENT

MRM 2010-12

Submitted to

Mr. Dalsukh Vaghasiya Prof. Jyotirmayee Acharya

Programme Manager VSS coordinator

Ambuja cement foundation, &

Kodinar, Gujarat Prof. L K Vaswani
Faculty guide & Director ksrm

Submitted by

Anjaney kumar [10201006]

Jaya Sharma [10201021]
VILLAGE STUDY SEGMENT REPORT SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ON
RURAL MANAGEMENT

KIIT SCHOOL OF RURALMANAGEMENT

BHUBNESWAR

1
 ABSTRACT

Author: Anjaney Kumar, Jaya Sharma

Host Organization: Ambuja cement foundation, kodinar, Gujarat

Theme paper: To study the present socio economic status of new farmers joining the BCI
project & to do impact assessment on BCI project after one year of intervention.

Main objective of the study was to assessment of social, economical and environmental impact
of cotton grower farmers registered under BCI through Ambuja cement foundation in different
village of saurashtra region of Gujarat as well as to study socio economic status of new farmers
joining the BCI project in 2011.

Rural action component: Implementation the concept of producers unit including PU

formation, operationalise the management committee and impart various capacity building
training to the PU under BCI project for cotton farmers for better livelihood enhancement .

Village profile: village profile of the sonpura village of una taluka, Junagadh district of Gujarat
was developed by conducting household survey through a structured schedule.

National service scheme: To orient the student youth to community service while they are
studying in educational institutions and to develop a sense of social and civic responsibility
among the people.

Research design: For the study of impact assessment of BCI interventions we did base line
survey for collecting primary data through structured questionnaire. Household survey,PRA,
focused group discussion mass meeting with villagers are the important tools for gathering
information about the village . The secondary data is provided by organization. Interaction with
concerned officials also helped to understand the things better.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped and supported me during the
village study segment. We express our heartiest sense of gratitude to our reporting officer Mr.
Dalsukh Vaghasiya, program Manager, Ambuja cement foundation, kodinar and for taking time
off from his busy schedule and guiding us in carrying out our work effectively. We also extend
our immense gratitude to Mr. Sunil Rana project coordinator-BCI,without whose kind concern
our functioning of the entire VSS may not have been as smooth as it was. We are very much
thankful to agronomist officer Mr. Jaidip chauhan, Social Mobliser Subash yadav and all the
remaining staffs of Ambuja cement foundation whose love, affections and help enabled us to
complete our field work successfully.

We wish to thank our VSS co-coordinator Prof. Jyotirmayee Acharya and our Faculty guide Prof
L. K. Vaswani who provided us with such a great opportunity to understand the village life, close
and effective and truly guided us during the entire period of the project.

Most importantly we would like to extend our heartiest thanks to the Extension volunteers of
BCI and people of the various villages where we visited, without whose cooperation the
successful completion of our VSS is unimaginable.

And at last but not the least we would like to thank all well wisher and friend for their kind
cooperation and support.

Anjaney kumar (10201006)

Jaya Sharma (10201021)

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents
Part 1 ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
Village profile .......................................................................................................................................... 9
1. Backgrounds ...................................................................................................................................... 10
1.1 Junagadh district .......................................................................................................................... 10
2. Objective ........................................................................................................................................... 11
3. Methodology ..................................................................................................................................... 12
3.1 Sources of data ............................................................................................................................ 12
3.2Primary data ................................................................................................................................. 12
3.3 Secondary data ............................................................................................................................ 12
3.4 Sampling method:........................................................................................................................ 12
3.4.1 Stratified sampling method for household survey ................................................................. 13
3.5 Data analysis:................................................................................................................................... 13
4. Geography and social structure of the village..................................................................................... 14
4.1 Location ....................................................................................................................................... 14
4.2History of the village: .................................................................................................................... 14
4.3 Weather and Seasonality ............................................................................................................. 15
4.4 Climate: ....................................................................................................................................... 15
4.5. Seasonality: ................................................................................................................................ 16
4.5.1. Seasonality for agriculture:................................................................................................... 16
4.5.2 Seasonality of Diseases ......................................................................................................... 17
5 Natural resources ............................................................................................................................... 18
5.1 Land:............................................................................................................................................ 18
5.2 Water .......................................................................................................................................... 18
5.2.1 Water for irrigation ............................................................................................................... 18
5.3 Forestry ....................................................................................................................................... 18
6 Social infrastructures .......................................................................................................................... 18
6.1 Caste composition & Demography ............................................................................................... 18

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 6.2 Literacy ........................................................................................................................................ 19
6.3 Role of women in decision making ............................................................................................... 20
6.4 Health: ......................................................................................................................................... 20
6.4.1Health status of women in Sonpura ....................................................................................... 21
6.4.2 Maternal health .................................................................................................................... 22
6.5 Sanitation .................................................................................................................................... 22
6.6 Drinking water facilities ............................................................................................................... 22
6.8 Habitat......................................................................................................................................... 23
6.9 Dressing ....................................................................................................................................... 23
6.10 Communication ......................................................................................................................... 23
6.11Electricity .................................................................................................................................... 23
6.12 Culture....................................................................................................................................... 23
7 Preference ranking by the villagers: ................................................................................................ 25
8 Institutions ......................................................................................................................................... 26
8.1Venn diagram ............................................................................................................................... 26
9 Village Economies ............................................................................................................................... 27
9.1Gender clock: male ....................................................................................................................... 27
9.2 GENDER CLOCK: FEMALE ............................................................................................................. 27
9.3 Income sources ............................................................................................................................ 28
9.3.1Agriculture ............................................................................................................................. 29
9.3.2 Livestock ............................................................................................................................... 29
9.4 Migration ..................................................................................................................................... 30
9.4.1 Factor governing migration ................................................................................................... 31
9.5 Micro Enterprises......................................................................................................................... 31
9.5.1Products ................................................................................................................................ 31
9.5.2 Market Linkage ..................................................................................................................... 32
9.6 Expenditure pattern ..................................................................................................................... 32
CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................... 33
PART 2................................................................................................................................................... 34
Organization Profile............................................................................................................................... 34
1 Understanding organization................................................................................................................ 35
1.2 Stretch of the ACF across the state............................................................................................... 36

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 1.3 ACF interventions ........................................................................................................................ 37
1.4 Mission ........................................................................................................................................ 38
1.5 Awards ........................................................................................................................................ 38
PART 3................................................................................................................................................... 40
Theme paper ......................................................................................................................................... 40
1 Background ........................................................................................................................................ 41
1.1BCI principles ................................................................................................................................ 41
1.2 Objective of impact assessment ................................................................................................... 42
1.3 Limitation of study ....................................................................................................................... 42
1.4 Working area under theme paper ................................................................................................ 43
2.1Methodology ................................................................................................................................ 45
2.2 Primary sources of data collection for old farmers ....................................................................... 46
2.3 Secondary sources of data collection for old farmers ................................................................... 46
2.4 Primary sources of data collection for new farmers...................................................................... 47
2.5 Secondary sources of data collection for new farmers ................................................................. 47
3 Criteria of assessment ........................................................................................................................ 47
3.1 Social factor ..................................................................................................................................... 48
3.1.1Health and safety precautions ................................................................................................ 48
3.1.2 Child labor............................................................................................................................. 49
3.1.3 Knowledge and technological awareness among farmers ...................................................... 49
4 Economical factor ............................................................................................................................... 51
4.1 Cotton production area ................................................................................................................ 51
4.2 Average cotton production: ......................................................................................................... 52
4.3 Income ........................................................................................................................................ 53
5 Environmental factor .......................................................................................................................... 54
5.1Pesticide uses and types ............................................................................................................... 54
5.2 Fertilizer consumption ................................................................................................................. 55
5.3 Water consumption ..................................................................................................................... 56
6 Socio economic status ........................................................................................................................ 57
6.1Land holding: ................................................................................................................................ 57
6.2 Land distribution .......................................................................................................................... 58
6.3 Annual income ............................................................................................................................. 58

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 6.4 Expenditure pattern ..................................................................................................................... 59
6.5 Agriculture assets ........................................................................................................................ 59
6.6 Education..................................................................................................................................... 59
6.7 Psychological aspects ................................................................................................................... 60
CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................... 61
Part 4 .................................................................................................................................................... 62
Rural action component ........................................................................................................................ 62
1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 63
1.1Objective ...................................................................................................................................... 64
2 Our action .......................................................................................................................................... 65
2.1 Aim and Target ............................................................................................................................ 65
2.2 When and Where......................................................................................................................... 65
2.3 Criteria for Selection .................................................................................................................... 66
2.4 Implementation of the PU concept .............................................................................................. 66
3 Learning & experience ........................................................................................................................ 68
3.1 Our Experience ............................................................................................................................ 68
Part 5 .................................................................................................................................................... 69
NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME.................................................................................................................. 69
1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 70
2 Activities under NSS............................................................................................................................ 71
2.1 Debate competition and Awareness rally against child labor ........................................................ 71
2.2 Pulse polio activity ....................................................................................................................... 74
2.3 Volunteer service at Anganbadi centre of Sonpura ....................................................................... 74

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 ABRIVIATIONS

Serial no Abbreviations Expansion

1 ACL Ambuja cement limited

2 ACF Ambuja cement foundation

3 BCI Better cotton initiative

4 CSR Corporate social responsibility

5 PRA Participatory rural appraisal

6 FGD Focused group discussion

7 ILO International labor organization

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 Part 1

Village profile
Sonpura

9
1. Backgrounds

The main objective of the village study segment is to facilitate student to understand the socio-
economic development realities, lives, livelihood interventions and opportunities of rural society.
Under this unique component of course curriculum we were lucky enough to get an opportunity
to have firsthand experience of rural life at village named Sonpura junagadh district of Gujarat.

Our host organization for the Village study segment is Ambuja cement foundation. we worked
on the better cotton initiative project.

1.1 Junagadh district

Junagadh is a city and a municipal corporation, the headquarters of Junagadh district in the
Indian state of Gujarat. The city is located at the foot of the Girnar hills, 355 km south west of
state capital Gandhinagar and Ahmadabad. Literally translated, Junagadh means "Old Fort". It is
also known as "Sorath", the name of the earlier Princely State of Junagadh.

Our stay in the village helped us to understand the various dynamics of rural life. The study was
based up on observation, interaction, meetings (Formal and Informal), household survey, PRA.
Stay in the village gave us the insight of resources, life style, livelihood, challenges faced by the
people and their coping mechanism. We also had opportunity to have close interaction with the
various development interventions at village and the impact of theme on the life of the villagers.
Our learning from the village and villagers are more than academic.

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2. Objective
Our main purpose of this fieldwork was to get firsthand experience of rural life and to get an
insight of rural life. The objectives of the study are:

1) To enhance our knowledge with the help of local villagers in context of village Life,
livelihood, tradition, beliefs, rural complexities and realities.
2) To know the basic village amenities and the access of rural people to the same.
3) To understand the socio-economic characteristics of different strata of the rural population.
4) Problem & Opportunity identification and Prioritization.
5) To assess the quality of life and suggest ways and means to improve the same.

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3. Methodology
The study was a combination of exploratory and descriptive study. The data collected are on
demography, social structure, infrastructure facilities, agro-climatic resources, village economy,
village organizations and people‟s institutions and the issues of development. Both Quantitative
and Qualitative were collected. The quantitative data were on population, land holding, literacy
rate. The qualitative data were quality of drinking water, quality of the road, housing pattern
which were obtained from the village after the interaction with the villagers.
and household survey was the some tools we adopted for data collection.

3.1 Sources of data

3.2Primary data
The required data are collected from both primary source and secondary source. The purpose of
collecting the primary data is to understand the dynamics of the village from the village itself and
from the viewpoint of the villagers.

Primary data were collected from the villagers during different levels of our interaction which
included the household survey through the questionnaire provided by College (school of Rural
Management), PRA exercise (Participatory Rural Appraisal), focused group discussions, meeting
with anganwadi member and other village meeting.

3.3 Secondary data

Secondary data were collected from the TCM (talati cum mantra).gram panchyat office.

3.4 Sampling method:

Village is divided in to cluster of different caste. We randomly selected household from each
cluster so that we can get homogeneous information without any biasness.

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3.4.1 Stratified sampling method for household survey
We are asked to take a sample of 32 household.

Caste No of household % in each group No of sample Approx

household sample size
from each
caste

Brahmans 2 .0045 .15 1

Babaji 50 .11 3.52 3

Kadiya rajput 150 .34 10.38 9

Koli 140 .39 12.48 11

kumbhar 60 .14 4.48 4

Sunar 2 .0045 .15 1

Mocha 1 .0022 .07 1

Harizan 35 .079 2.54 2

Total 440 32

3.5 Data analysis:

Statistical tools like tables, graphs, bar charts, averages, percentages etc. were used to analyze
the data collected on various things like, caste, male female ratio, different occupations,
livestock, assets, land holding pattern, literacy level, and different infrastructure like road,
electrification etc.

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4. Geography and social structure of the village
Sonpura village is located in una taluka of junagadh district. It is located 40 km from taluka and
120 km from district head quarter. Total area of the village is 441.23 hector.

4.1 Location
Table 1 location of Sonpura

State Gujarat

District Junagadh

Taluka Una

Boundaries

East Joyjaria

West Bodwa

North Alidar

South Bodidar

4.2History of the village:

Sonpura is 120 years old village

Table 2 Historical time line of village

Year Major events recorded

1953 Primary school established in village

1965 First jiggery plant in village

1976 First bicycle

1982 Village electrification in badi area

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1984 Village electrification

1984 Well for drinking water

1985 First Electric motor came into use

1887 Village face drought.

1988 Black and white TV

1996 First government hand pump

2000 First tap water from panchyat office

2003 Establishment of girls primary school

2005 Sprinkler irrigation for groundnut

2008 Gram jyoti scheme for village electric supply

2008 108 ambulance service started in village

2009 Establishment of aortal tower

Source: mass meeting with villagers

4.3 Weather and Seasonality

The diverse Saputara weather is influenced by the semi arid conditions of the region. The
Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Cambay are also influential factors affecting the climate and
weather of Sonpura.

4.4 Climate:
Village faces adverse climatic conditions in the summer months with the temperature ranging
from 28° Celsius to 34° Celsius. In the winter months, the temperature ranges from 20° Celsius
to 28° Celsius. The city is drained by the south-west monsoon from June to September. It records
a rainfall of 800 to 1000 mm annually.

Various factors such as its close proximity to the sea influence the weather of Junagadh. The

15
latent winds from the sea affect the climatic conditions in the region. The Tropic of Cancer
passes through Gujarat, as a result of which the state faces extremities in climatic conditions.
During winter the mercury dips very low while summer sees the mercury level soar high.

4.5. Seasonality:
After a long discussion and survey with the people of Sapura we found that agriculture
activities, food vulnerability, migration, livelihood options and diseases are of important
concern to be drawn out as seasonal maps. Following part will be described it.

4.5.1. Seasonality for agriculture:

Agriculture and allied activities are the main livelihood source of the villagers. The cash crops
cultivated are cotton, ground nut, sugarcane where as food crops are wheat, jowar, bajara,
vegetables are also cultivated in some areas. Garden land is cultivated with the vegetables like
chilies, bendy, brinjal .Coconut is also important fruit generally cultivated in almost all
household but instead all optimal condition like saline zone and good soil coconut is not
important means of cash generation. People of Sonpura generally plant coconut for consumption
purpose. Various types of crops are cultivated in this village. These are as follows:

Table 3 croping pattern

Sr .no crop Sowing time Harvesting time

1 Sugar cane December - January November –

December

2 Cotton May – June January - February

3 Groundnut February- March May – June

4 Wheat October – November March – April

5 jowar February –March April – May

6 bajara February – March April – May

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 4.5.2 Seasonality of Diseases
 General fever is very common in the village it affect the people throughout the year with
maximum incidence during winter i.e November – February.
 Small pox among children mainly seen in spring seasons
 Malaria the next common disease mainly seen during jun to august .
 Diarrhea is also very common in village affecting mainly children and the incidence increase
from month of July-August, and March to May
 Joint pain common geriatric problem incidence and intensity of which increase during winter
i.e November to February occurs to some the old aged persons mostly during November and
December

Table 4 Seasonality of disease

Disease pattern in sonpura during different month in a year

Types of ma Augu
Jan Feb March April June July Sept Oct Nov Dec
disease y st

Cold /
cough *** *** ** * * * * ** * * ** **

Headach *
* * ** ** * * * * * * *
e

Diarrhea * * ** ** ** *** *** *** * * * *

Measles - * *** *** - - - - - - - -

Jaundice * * ** ** * * * * * * * *

Malaria * * * * * ** ** ** * * * *

Anemia ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **

*, **, *** indicate rare occurrence, often observed, severely occurred respectively

Source: village meeting

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5 Natural resources

5.1 Land:
Black soil found in village and land is completely fertile for cotton, sugarcane, groundnut, jowar
and bajara .but due to costal area Ph of the soil is slightly alkaline.

Table 5 Natural resources

Sl no Land Area in Ha

1 Total land 441

2 Total agriculture land 390

3 Cultivated land 370

4 Uncultivated land 20

5 Forest land 23.61

5.2 Water
5.2.1 Water for irrigation
Open well is the important sources of irrigation. Farmers have well in their badi area. 145 private
open well is in the village. To the some extant villagers uses this well for drinking water.

5.3 Forestry
Forests are like ecological factories providing numerous tangible and intangible benefit .it is a
tropical thorn Forest spread in 23.61 Ha. It is not main sources of livelihood. People used to get
wood for fuel. These forests contain spare and stunted growth of species like Acacia and thorn
bushes etc.

6 Social infrastructures

6.1 Caste composition & Demography

It found to be socially very homogeneous. That homogeneity is maintained in their economic
status as well. It is a village of a single cast that is Hindu .People in this area is same cast

18
therefore they are living as a family. This village people are living here by their ancestors. They
enjoy the festivals as a family. There is no problem to accept any other cast or religion to this
area. They welcome all. People believe in unity in diversity.

The village has 440 household and home for population of 2900 people. The Male population of
the village is 1509 where as female population is 1391.population below age of 18 is 1040 where
as above 18 year population is 1860. The village is homogenous with 100% Hindu population.

6.2 Literacy
Literacy rate is below the all India average. It is around 64.28%.there is wide variation in the
Female literacy rate and male literacy rate. Literacy trend shows that both genders are not placed
equally but it is varied from caste to caste. Kadia has highest literacy rate about 70%. Whereas
40 % literacy rate is found in babaji i.e. lowest among all caste.

70
P 70 60 60 58
E 55
60 50 52
R
C 50 40
E 40
N
30
T
A 20
G 10
E 0
brahma sunar Baba ji kadia koli kumbha harizan mochi
ns r
Percentage 55 60 40 70 60 50 58 52
CASTE

Figure 1 Caste wise literacy

Village has two primary schools one for girls and one for boys .there is no middle school and
high school in the village .During my stay at the village I observed that the school is running
well. It is has having basic infrastructure like black board, toilet facility, play ground etc. Mid
meal scheme is running in the school. Instead of all basic infrastructures in the school attendance
of the student is not so good because of children are busy in cropping of cotton, sugarcane etc
6.2.1Anganbadi:

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There is two Anganbadi centre and it is running well too. It has their own building. it has 30
enrollment out of this 18 are girls. Anganbadi madam is very sincere and facilitating mentally
weak children too. What we observed that parent send their ward regularly.

6.3 Role of women in decision making

Table 6 Role of women in decision making

Family Social Work Women

responsibility responsibility properties

 Care of child  Marriage  Agriculture  Jewelry

 Care of old  Death  Livestock  Saving

person
 Festival  Wage labor  SHG
 Managing
 Religious
home
work
 Preparation of
food

6.4 Health:
The health of the villager is at risk in this village. The village is not having any health
infrastructure. PHC is about 5 Km. away from the village at doles and almost 60 of the
villagers think that it is running well but for pregnancy related case they go to either private
hospital of una or kodinar for better services.

General fever, Malaria, Diarrhea, are very common in the village. Due to consumption of
mava, incidence of oral cancer has significantly increased in recent year. Due to 108
ambulance facility patient can go any health center within range of 15 km free of cost.

20
People don‟t have scientific knowledge about diarrhea and general disease but due to TV
and other communication resources they started knowing the importance of polio,
tuberculosis and other vaccine.

6.4.1Health status of women in Sonpura

There are four indicator of women‟s health that are age at marriage, infant and child mortality,
nutritional status of women and practice of family planning.

Trend at age of marriage

Age of women is considered as one of the most vital indicator of women‟s health. Early age at
marriage leads to early pregnancies and high fertility among women. These are the indicator of
poor health and poor quality of life of women. The practice of early age (less than fifteen) was
found in village sonpura which was the major cause of poor health of women in the village. But
the practice of early age has been changed, now almost all the girls are marrying between the
ages of 18- 25 years, which has improved the health condition of women. In some family we
observed that girls and boys had engagement in childhood but they would marry in later age.

Nutritional status of women

Poor nutritional intake of women leads to high risk of pregnancies such as maternal
complication and death, low weight babies and premature births. Due to lack of health related
awareness among women, pregnant lady not taking iron tablet and also not going through regular
health check up. These were the main cause of nutritional deficiency during the pregnancy,
resulting pregnancy complication, death of infant or mother some time both. Another reason for
all above mention was heavy work load during the pregnancy. Now days there are no evidences
of gender biasness in food distribution. Women belonging to poor families are generally facing
nutritional problems.

Infant and child mortality

Mortality of infant and children are the important indicator of women‟s health. Most of the
causes of mortality of infant and child mortality are related to women‟s health as well as
maternal and child health service. Maternity and child welfare centre is available within the
range of 10 km .The infant and child mortality rate are declining sharply in last two decades. The

21
reason behind decreasing rate of mortality of infant and child mortality are education of mother,
increasing in age of marriage and awareness about medical services like 108 ambulances.

6.4.2 Maternal health

Maternal health is related to pregnancy; care during pregnancy and after pregnancy. During the
past days generally delivery took place at home, in the absence of medical facility or trained.
Which resulting some time death of infant as well as mother. Now days in people are more
cautious about the maternal health. Which has reduces the death during the delivery time. Most
of deliveries are taking place in hospital or in presence of trained persons.

6.5 Sanitation
Most of the households lack toilet facility. Sanitation is open in the village. By our interaction I
come to know even people don‟t want to have sanitary latrines due to their habitual practice,
water and as they think it‟s also not hygienic. There are no public toilet facilities in the village.

6.6 Drinking water facilities

Tap drinking water facility available in the village since 2000.panchyat office provide water to
the households. Quality of water is good throughout the year but some villagers complain in
rainy seasons. In badi area villagers used to drink water from open well.

6.7 Road

Condition of the road is dilapidated in the village which is one the major problems of the
evelopment. Road which connect village from NH 8E is too poor which not only hinder the
development but also leads to accident. During rainy season condition of the road deteriorate
further.

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6.8 Habitat
Housing: housing pattern of village is of mixed type. Out of 440 household 210 household have
thatched type of housing pattern, whereas 78 and 152 household have concrete and mixed type of
housing pattern.

6.9 Dressing
Old age make people used to wear kadia and thodti .where as female wear sari and blouse. With
course of time and due to cultural influence young people wear jeans and t shirt too.

6.10 Communication
The first land line connection although personal but used as public telephone came in 2003.use
of mobile phone is quite common in the village each household has at least one mobile hand set.
Airtel tower is also established in the village .there is no post office facility in the village .for
posting the letter and other use people used to go nearby village Alidar.

6.11Electricity
Village is completely electrified under jyotigram scheme. Jyotigram is not just extension of rural
electrification, but the way electricity is delivered. Before the scheme was implemented, main
feeder lines serves all the domestic, agriculture and commercial connection for a group of 2-5
village .under jyoti gram scheme main feeder line has been separated as one for agriculture use,
one for domestic and commercial .meter were installed on each feeder, especially the agri-feeder
.to identify the sources of any greater than expected demand on any particular feeder. This
simple innovation had far reaching impacts on villagers of sonpura. Under this scheme badi area
of village has eight hour of electricity either in morning from 6 am to 2pm or in night from 10
pm to 6 am morning alternatively .for domestic purpose power is available 24 X 7.

6.12 Culture

The village has its own cultural value. In whole saurshtra region janmastami is celebrated with
full enthusiasm, on religious point of view whole saurashtra region was under the dynesty of
lord Krishna so almost all adult people had fasting in that day and enjoy janmastmi till late in the
night .Holi is the festival which is celebrated with zeal People start preparing in advance for it by
singing song and other preparation. During this people gathered and sing Gujarati Faag which

23
describes the life in village, and some spiritual stories. Dipawali and Durga Puja Called Navaratri
in the village are also celebrated with full spirit. Many traditional garbs are performed around a
central lit lamp on nine day of Navaratri. People dance around the center, bending sideways at
every step, their arms making sweeping gestures, each movement ending in a clap. Modern
garaba is also heavily influenced by raas, a dance traditionally performed by men. The merger of
these two dances has formed the high-energy dance that is seen today.

Both men and women usually wear colorful costumes while performing garaba and dandiya. The
girls and the women wear ghaghra choli, a three-piece dress with choli on the top and ghaghra as
bottom, made of cotton with beads, shells, mirrors, sitars, and embroidery work, mati, jhumkas,
necklaces, bindi, bajubandh, chudas and kangans, kamarbandh, payal, and mojiris and dupatta
tucked in the Gujarati manner. Boys and men wear kafni pyajamas with a kediyu - a short round
kurta - above the knees and pagadi on the head with bandhini dupatta, kada, and mojiris.

7 Facilities and infrastructure

Table 7 Facilities and infrastructure

Facilities Name of the nearest centre Distance from village

Transportation

Railway station Kodinar station 24 km

Metal road Dolasa 4km

Bus stop Dolasa ST bus stand 4km

School

Middle school Government middle school 4km

High school Government high school 4km

Bank State bank of India 4km

ATM SBI ,Dolasa 4km

PHC Primary arogya Kendra 4km

24
 Marketing yard Cotton marketing yard 4km

Bajar samiti Kodinar ajar sanity 20km

7 Preference ranking by the villagers:

To know the different problem and major issues of the village we conducted meeting with
villagers including adult male and female .A set of problem put forth which were ranked by the
participants in terms of their choice and perception. It was observed that road condition, market
facility, education, unemployment, irrigation are the major problems of the villagers.

Table 8 Preference ranking

S No Issue Men women Total Rank

/problems

1 Road condition 13 9 22 I

2 Market facility 8 5 13 II

3 Education 12 6 18 III

4 Unemployment 7 8 15 IV

5 Toilet 9 7 16 V

6 Agriculture 6 10 16 VI
land holding

7 Health 4 7 11 VII

8 Drainage 8 9 17 VIII

9 Irrigation 4 11 15 IX

10 Drinking water 4 5 9 X

Source: village meeting

25
8 Institutions
Institutional analysis is an important component of village profile, especially for planning,
implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of different scheme and issues. Venn diagram is
drawn to know the relations ships of institutions /individual with the rural communit y
.overlapping circle indicate their overlap in decision making .such overlapping takes place when
an individual /institutions interacts with another one .the overlapping where it is large signify a
greater degree of interaction and circle which are far off indicate that the institutions /individual
are not in contact with another.

8.1Venn diagram
University

Post office Panchyat

office

NDDB
High school

PDS
Bank

Veterinary

Hospital
PHC

Venn diagram indicate that village community has highly close association with NDDB, PDS, Panchyat
office .moderately with post office, bank and high school and lesser with PHC ,high school ,university
,and veterinary hospital .

26
9 Village Economies
Village economy depends upon the activities of active member of households. Following gender
clock show the activities of male and female people of the village.

9.1Gender clock: male

sleep
23
routing activities

4.3hrs working in field &

7hrs grazing of animal
Rest

field
4hrs
caring of
liestock,dinner,leisure
2hrs 6
2hrs
4.3hrs 8

Figure 3: Gender clock male

9.2 GENDER CLOCK: FEMALE

sleep
22
routine activities
.livestock caring ,milking
5 ,house cleaning ,coocking
7 working in field

rest

3 field
5
livestock caring ,coocking
2 ,dinner,cleaning ,leisure
5
2

10

Figure 4: Gender clock female

27
9.3 Income sources

Livelihood of villagers depends upon agriculture. The income sources of the villagers can be
divided in to land based and non-land based activities. The people belonging to land based
activities are mainly cultivators and farmers and the people belonging to non-land based
activities are agriculture wage labor and wage labour
The income sources of the villagers are mainly divided in to five types:

 Agriculture & live stock

 Private sector
 Public sector
 Business
 Labor
a) Agriculture labour
b) Non agriculture labour

labourer
10%
buseness
13%
public
sector
private
2%
sector
3% agriculture and
live stock
72%

Figure 5: Income source

28
9.3.1Agriculture
Soil of the village is completely fertile and suitable for almost all types of crops including kharif,
Rabi crops and cash crop like cotton and sugarcane.

Table 9 Different crops

Crop group Kharif crops Rabi crops

Cereals Bajra, rice ,Jowar, Maize Wheat

Pulses Tur, Moong, Udid Gram

Oilseed Groundnut,Sesamum, Castor Mustard

Commercial crops Sugarcane, cotton Potato

Income generation /Ha

200000
123750
88825
70312 63750
100000 40625 32500

Income generation /Ha

Figure 6: income generation per Ha

Source: Household survey

9.3.2 Livestock

29
Livestock is also the important medium of income generation. Establishments of NDDB co
operative had increased the motive of cattle rearing. Population of live stock in the village is
following

Table 10: live stock

Sr. No LIVESTOCK NUMBER

1 COW 460

2 BULLOCK 285

3 BUFFALO 478

4 GOAT 49

5 CALF 156

Source: TCM

9.4 Migration
Migration is not very common in the village. People migrate whenever they need money to
nearby village, town and city like Surat, Ahmadabad, and Mumbai. Agriculture wage labour
generally migrate in nearby village during cotton sawing and cotton harvesting season.non
agriculture wage labor migrate in different industry like diamond industry of Surat, cotton
industry of Ahamdabad.

Non agriculture wage labour migration found in different industry of the state and doing work in
formal and informal organization .they comes occasionally to their home during festival and any
social ceremony .whereas Agriculture wage labour migration found in crop sawing and
harvesting season .agriculture wage labor opt to work in cotton field for gaining more income
and long duration of work.

30
9.4.1 Factor governing migration
Inducing factor

 Unemployment
 Landlessness
 Food shortage

Inhibiting factor

 Emotional attachment to the village

 High cost of living in city
 Excess work during migration

Advantage of migration

 Utilization of time in a more productive manner,

 Extra source of earning
Disadvantage of migration

• Disturbance in family life,

• Deterioration of health,
• Danger of getting affected with sexually transmitted diseases,
• Danger of exploitation by the middleme

9.5 Micro Enterprises

Out of 440 household 18 house hold have shops including electronic repairing, tailoring, Agrio
shops and provision shop etc .there is one PDS shop in the village.

9.5.1Products
Main products in this particular village are agricultural produces. The yield of paddy is just
sufficient for the people of the village. The villager sells cotton, groundnut, castor, wheat,
sugarcane. Villagers also sell livestock. Cotton yard in the nearby village facilitated him to
grow more. There are two jiggery plants in the village so people of nearby village also sell their
sugarcane in this jiggery plant.

31
9.5.2 Market Linkage
The nearest market for the villager is weekly market at Dolasa which approximately 4 Km away
from the village. People go to market to buy the things for their daily requirement.Female mainly
go groups to this market. For purchasing heavy and important items of marriage and social
function people used to go either kodinar or una which is 20km to 40km away from village
respectively

9.6 Expenditure pattern

People spend 23% of the income on agriculture input .whereas on food consumption, clothing
education they spend 20%, 18%, 9% respectively

expenditure pattern
2%
5% 1% agriculture
3%

23% food
7% consumption

12% clothing

20% education
9%

18%
health care

Figure 7: Expenditure pattern

32
 CONCLUSION

The village study enabled us in studying the various aspects of the village life. We came to know
various things knowing which perhaps were not possible without staying in the village among
the rural population. Our stay helped us to understand the lives of the villager, their hardship and
various dynamics relating to it. The Firsthand experience of various development plans running
in the village and impact of it helped us to sharpen our understanding of this plan a ground
realities associated with them. It‟s easy to stay outside the village and suggests various means for
the development of village but the real picture is quite different in the village. The village do
have its bright color which is absent in urban areas, even in many developed cities of the
country. The facts like positive sex ratio, female position in the house, etc are among some of the
positive aspects of the village. Still there is sufficient scope of improvements in the village
related to the providing of livelihood opportunity to the villagers.

33
 PART 2
Organization Profile

Ambuja cement foundation

34
ORGANISATIONAL OVERVIEW

1 Understanding organization
Corporate social responsibilities in India set a realistic agenda of grassroots development through
alliance and partnership with sustainable development approach. Ambuja cement foundation
established in1993.ACF adds value to the live of the people through its process of engagement
Ambuja cement foundation is developmental organization committed to engaging the rural
communities in and around Ambuja cement Ltds [ACL] manufacturing location especially
ameliorating or mitigating problems that have a continuing impact on the lives of its key
stakeholders –the community member. Issues of natural resource management generation of
livelihood, provision and improvement of health service, enhancing the quality of education and
women‟s development were area on which the foundation has focused its resources. The
foundation undertakes programme and project on developmental issues in line with needs of
people in partnership with them.ACF works on issues such as water management, agriculture
livelihood generation, health, education and women empowerment .these developmental
initiative are undertaken through meaningful involvement either with like minded NGOs or with
government.

Ambuja Cement Foundation (ACF) engages with local communities at various locations across
the country over a wide spectrum of developmental issues. Key areas of intervention that have
made a viable difference to the beneficiaries are highlighted below.
Infrastructure development, water resource management, livelihood management, health and
sanitation, education and women‟s empowerment.

35
1.2 Stretch of the ACF across the state

Table 1 Geographical stretch

Sr. no State Location No of village

1 Andhra Pradesh Nadikudi 14
2 Chhattisgarh Bhatapara 32
3 Gujarat Kodinar 211
Surat 13
Sanand 5
4 Himachal Pradesh Darlaghat 92
Nalagarh 10
5 Maharashtra Chnadrapur 160
Panvel 3
6 Punjab Ropar 20
Bathinda 15
7 Rajasthan Rabriyawas 55
Marwar mundwa 12
Chirawa 14
8 Uttarakhand Roorkee 76
9 Utter Pradesh dadri 6

10 West bangal Sankrail 21

farakka 12
Total 771
Sources: ACF

36
1.3 ACF interventions
Table 2: ACF Interventations
ACF interventions
WATER MANAGEMENT
AGROBASED LIVELIHOOD
HEALTH AND SANITATIONS
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
The dam, constructed across the Singoda
River,
Is the largest project undertaken by ACF in
partnership with the Irrigation Department,
Government of Gujarat.
The establishment of the Krishi Vigyan Kendra
(KVK) at Kodinar has strengthened agro-based
livelihood programme. The objective of the
KVK is to make new
developments in technology readily available
to farmers
so as to build their capacity
The mobile dispensary, running since 1993,
continued making its rounds to the villages
offering healthcare to the residents of 24
remote villages.
Creation of women‟s Self Help Groups
(SHGs) is a continuous activity. Last year, 4
new SHGs were formed.
SHGs were mobilized to inculcate the habit of
saving.
Source: ACF
37
1.4 Mission
“Energies involve and enable communities to realize their potential”

1.5 Awards
For its work on improving community living and encouraging sustainable development, ACF
has won national and international awards. With such recognition our faith in our mission is
renewed and it encourages us to work towards our future objectives.

Table 3: Awards

Sr. no Year Awarding Award Details

authority

1 2010 Bharat Shodh Best organisation for CSR activities

2 2010 BSE 5th Social and Corporate

Awards,awarded in the Best
Corporate Social Responsibility
Practice category

3 2008 Excellent Water Awarded by CII-Godrej Green

Management Initiative Business Centre for salinity
Award - Beyond the mitigation work in Gujarat
fence

4 2007 Navjivani School of Sardarni Satwant Kaur Memorial

Special Education, Special Educator Award conferred
Patiala on Suresh Kumar Thakur,
Principal of Ambuja Manovikas
Kendra

5 2007 Asian Institute of Asian CSR Awards, „The Excellence

Management Award‟ in the Concern for Health
category

6 2007 Government of India „The Rashtrapati Puraskaar‟ for

making sanitation facilities easily
available to rural populations in
Chhattisgarh

38
7 2006 Development Support „The Rural Development Award‟
Centre (DSC) conferred on
Mr. Hari Bhai Mori, Sr. Programme
Manager at Ambuja Nagar

8 2004 Asian Institute of The Asian CSR Awards for our

Management contribution towards developmental
activities

9 SEDF Corporate FICCI SEDF Corporate Social

Social Responsibility Award
Responsibility
Award

Ambuja Cement Foundation gets accredited

ACF underwent an accreditation process with Credibility Alliance and received the Desirable
Norms certification. Credibility Alliance is a consortium of voluntary organisations committed
towards enhancing accountability and transparency in the voluntary sector through good
governance. Foundation put itself up for accreditation and underwent a rigorous and exhaustive
process of registration verification, accounts review, discussions and dialogue and an on-field
assessment at one of our locations, Chandrapur. The certification by Credibility Alliance
recognises that ACF follows the norms of good governance, transparency and accountability set
down by the consortium. Having received the certificate ACF has formally put forth its
commitment to run as a responsible, professional organisation and has joined in a movement that
is working towards building accountability and good governance in the not for profit sector.

Figure 1: Accreditation certificate

39
 PART 3
Theme paper
“To study the present socio economic status of new farmers joining
the BCI project & to do impact assessment on BCI project after
one year of intervention”

40
1 Background
The Better Cotton Initiative BCI has been established to define a new type of cotton commodity.
BCI aims to promote measurable improvements in the key environmental and social impacts of
cotton cultivation worldwide to make it more sustainable (economically, environmentally, and
socially). BCI endeavors to initiate global change in the mass market, with long-term benefits for
the environment, farmers and other people dependent on cotton for their livelihood.

BCI works with all farmers, including those who chose to grow transgenic (also GM, biotech)
cotton varieties, such as BT cotton, BCI has adopted a position of being “technology neutral
„‟with respect to transgenic cotton. This means that BCI will neither encourage farmers to grow
it, nor seek to restrict their access to it, provided it is legally available to them. the focus is on
enabling farmers to make informed choice about available technologies to use ,and how to use
them appropriately .BCI encourage informed decision making at the farm level ,to change
practice that ensure improved out comes – environmentally ,socially and economically.

1.1BCI principles
The Production Principles describe the broad areas under the control of the farmer that need to be
addressed by the farmer for the production of Better Cotton:
1. Better Cotton is produced by farmers who minimize the harmful impact of crop protection
practices
2. Better Cotton is produced by farmers who use water efficiently and care for the availability of
water
3. Better Cotton is produced by farmers who care for the health of the soil
4. Better Cotton is produced by farmers who conserve natural habitats
5. Better Cotton is produced by farmers who care for and preserve the quality of the fibre
6. Better Cotton is produced by farmers who promote decent work

41
1.2 Objective of impact assessment
 To study the socio - economic aspects of new farmers joining BCI project in 2011

 To study the socio economic impact of farmers after one year of joining the BCI project in
different village of una, kodinar, sutrapada taluka of Gujarat.

1.3 Limitation of study

1 .Lack of time:
Most of the farmers of this region were engaged in different crop cultivation so it was difficult
for us to get information because of their busy schedule and February is the time of marriage
ceremony so most of the members were busy in marriage and functions.

2. Transportation problems:

All villages are located far from ACF and condition of road is dilapidated. So it took more time
to gather information.

42
1.4 Working area under theme paper
810 cotton growers farmers of different villages of kodinar,Una and sutrapada taluka has been
registered under Ambuja cement foundation in better cotton initiative project since 2009 and
245 more farmers have joined BCI project in 2011.

Dolasa Kanjotar

Dhamlej
Kankya Rakhej
Sonpura

Thordi
kaneri
Singsar

Belavla

Figure 1: Working area

Table 1: village wise status of farmers

Sr. no Name of Taluka District No of No of Status Status

village farmers LGs
groups Old New

1 Balavla Sutrapada junagadh 53 3 Old New

2 Singsar Sutrapada junagadh 220 14 Old New

3 Thoradi Sutrapada junagadh 42 2 Old New

4 Dhamlej Sutrapada junagadh 96 6 Old New

5 Kanjotar Sutrapada junagadh 36 2 Old New

6 Rakhej Sutrapada Junagadh 96 6 Old New

7 Dolasa Kodinar junagadh 105 6 Old New

43
8 KankIya Una Junagsdah 87 6 Old New

9 Kareni Una Junagadh 97 6 Old New

10 Sonpura Una Junagadh 121 6 ----- New

Sources: ACF

44
2 Research design

2.1Methodology
The theme paper report predominantly uses interactive sessions with people, gathering data to
serve the purpose of understanding about them. The study carried out was a combination of
exploratory and descriptive study. The methodology adopted by us consisted of collecting data
from the primary as well from the secondary sources, analyzing the data and drawing our
conclusions from the analysis

Method/ tools of data collection

Old farmer New farmers

Primary sources primary sources

 Base line survey house hold survey

 FGD Base line survey

 Interview PRA

 Case study FGD

Secondary sources Secondary sources

 Farmers field book extension volunteer

 Extension volunteers/facilitator and scrab TCM

45
2.2 Primary sources of data collection for old farmers
 For data collection we did base line survey of old farmers .Data collected through base line
survey are total land, total cotton production area, water uses ,pesticide , total expenditure for
cotton production including expenditure on pesticide, fertilizer and miscellaneous
expenditure for cotton production in session 2010-11.

 Focused group discussions were also organized with different learning groups members
where set of open and closed ended question were asked.

 Personal interview for cotton grower were conducted for gathering the data.

2.3 Secondary sources of data collection for old farmers

 Farmers‟ field book: farmers field book [khedut pothi] were one of the important sources for
us for data collection. It has been distributed to the cotton grower farmers registered under
BCI for maintaining different agriculture input like water uses meter cube per season,
pesticide .fertilizer, total expenditure and gross income .it also contains important direction
for the uses of harmful pesticide.

 Extension volunteer, facilitator and scrab member: for smooth running the better cotton
project at village level, farmers were classified in different learning groups. Each LGs has
facilitator as well as scrab and there is one extension volunteer in each village acts as
mediator for bidirectional flow of information from ACF to cotton grower farmers and vice
versa.

ACF
Bidirectional flow of information

EV

Scrab Scrab

Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer

s

46
2.4 Primary sources of data collection for new farmers

 For analyzing socio Economic aspect of new farmers OF sonpura village we did house hold
survey, base line survey, and organized FGD and also conducted PRA including resource
mapping, and social mapping.

2.5 Secondary sources of data collection for new farmers

 We took important information about quantitative data from talati cum mantri [TCM].

BCI promotes economic sustainability, following indicator were used to assess/ examine the
project intervention for old farmers

3 Criteria of assessment

Criteria of assessment

Social factor environmental factor

 Health and safety precaution pesticide use and types

 Child labor fertilizer use and types

 Farmers association freedom water use in m3

 Knowledge and technological aware-

-ness among farmers

Economical factor

 Total cotton production area (ha)

 Total cotton production (kg)

 Income

47
3.1 Social factor

3.1.1Health and safety precautions

The use of pesticide can pose risk to humans, animals and the environment .Different types of
pesticide carry different type of degree of risk that need to be taken in to account.

Ambuja cement foundation has provided 210 safety kits to the farmers on 75% subsidy on trial
basis and made them aware about its benefits .Safety kits consist of googols, globs, boot and
safety coat. During our interaction with farmers we came to the conclusion that almost all
farmers are cautious about using the safety kits during spraying of pesticides. They have given
strict instruction about not to use of pesticide banned through the Stockholm convention 2004.

Figure 2 farmer spraying pesticide in cotton field

Cotton grower were also given strict direction about not to involve child and pregnant women in
cotton field during spraying of pesticide. Even a small dose (PPM) of pesticide can have harmful
effects on growing fetus. Most interesting observation we got in almost all the village that
women are not directly spraying pesticide in the field as like male but they handle pesticide
container in their house hold during preparation of pesticide and washing of the container.
During our long interaction with farmers and during FGD with villagers we observed that
farmers of the thoaradi, singar and volavla are not as health conscious as other farmers of other

48
village because even interventions of BCI projects and lots of guideline provided by ACF some
of them are used to follow traditional method of labor force in cotton field.

3.1.2 Child labor

There is no child labor, in accordance with ILO Convention 138, if children are contributing
under following criteria:

 Children may work on family small holdings if work is structured so as to enable them to
attend school.

 This work should not be demanding as to determine their education

 They must be guided – both in terms of learning skills and supervision of tasks – family
member.

As per BCI interventions people had become aware about the ill effects of child labor and we
observed that there is psychological change in the mind about the child rights. As per our base
line survey in different village and interaction with the teachers of the primary school, came to
know that there was a trend in sharp decline in percentage of attendance of children in school
during cotton harvesting seasons from December to February. But due to awareness through BCI
now parent have realized their duty and to the much extant child labor has decreased in all
village

3.1.3 Knowledge and technological awareness among farmers

With the interventions of BCI projects in villages, farmers became aware about different types of
sophisticated agricultural instruments and their uses, methods and importance of organic farming
as well as about integrated pest management practices.

With the collaborations with KVK, ACF have trained farmers time to time about best agriculture
practices not only to cotton crops but other crops too. Magnifying lens had been distributed to
cotton growers to identify the harmful pests and by doing this they can apply pesticide

49
accordingly .One of the most interesting things we observed that BCI gives emphasis on
integrated pest management and farmers adopting this integrated pest management practice
wholeheartedly. By adopting this practices farmers are encouraged to protect the growth of
ealthy crop with the less disruption to agro – ecosystem and practicing natural pest control
mechanism. On the technological awareness point of view farmers have started practicing
sprinkler, drip method of irrigation rather than traditional flood method.ACF had trying to
provide the drip technology to the farmers on seventy percentage subsidy.

Figure 3: Drip winder ,kaneri village Figure 4: Drip irrigation, kaneri village

50
4 Economical factor
4.1 Cotton production area
Cotton area is directly related with cotton production .with the intervention of BCI, farmers came
to know about market value of cotton and correspondingly income generation through it.
Farmers generally depend upon climatic condition for the better production and they have fear to
adverse climatic change like heavy rain fall and salinity due to costal area. With the intervention
of Ambuja cement foundation and implementing the concept of salinity reduction in coastal area
farmers now using more land for cotton production.

Over all Cotton production area has increased from 524.72 Ha to 535.42 Ha from 2009-1010 to
2010-11.

Figure 5: Total cotton production area (Ha) by all farmers

535.42
cotton area in Ha

540

530 524.72

520

510
2009-10 2010-11
Year

51
4.2 Average cotton production:
Cotton is primarily grown in dry tropical and subtropical climates at temperatures between 11°C
and 25°C. It is a warm climate crop threatened by heath or freezing temperatures (below 5°C or
above 25°C), although its resistance varies from species to species. Excessive exposure to
dryness or moisture at certain stages of the plant development (lasting 5 to 7 months) may be
detrimental to cotton quality and yields, and might also kill the plant. Instead of heavy rain fall at
time of harvesting cotton we observed there is increase in average cotton production per hector
in almost all the learning groups

Figure 6: average cotton production (kg) /Ha by all farmers

2600
2592
Cotton production in (kg )

2590
2580
2570 2555
2560
2550
2540
2530
2009-10 2010-11

Year

52
4.3 Income
Cotton is one of the most important cash crops all over the world. Production and cash
generation are interrelated. Profitability of cotton cultivation depends upon cost of production
and better market linkage. Cost of production includes different inputs like labor cost seed cost,
fertilizer and pesticides

Figure 7: Cost of production per Ha by all farmers Figure 8: Profit per Ha by all farmers

21883
22000 80000 71542
21800 70000
p 55483
21600 60000
C 21400 r
20891 50000
o 21200 o
40000
s 21000 f
30000
t 20800 i
20600 20000
t
20400 10000
20200 0
2009-10 2010-11 2009-10 2010-11

year year

In year 2009-11 profitability per Ha was 55483 by all farmers, whereas in 2010-11 profitability
per Ha is 71542.Cost of cultivation has decreased due to proper management of cotton
cultivation whereas profitability has increased due to market price doubling this year.

53
5 Environmental factor

5.1Pesticide uses and types

Cotton is considered the world's 'dirtiest' crop due to its heavy use of insecticides, the most
hazardous pesticide to human and animal health. Excess uses of pesticide has harmful affects not
only health of sprayer but on the soil too it finally it affects environment.

Some pesticides are non biodegradable are very potent pollutant for the environment are banned
under Stockholm conventions these
chlordane,chloredecone,dieldrin,dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT),endrin,heptachlor,hexac
hlorobenzene,hexachlorocyclohexane, lindane, mirex andtoxaphene.

There is 9.3% decrease in the consumption of endosulfan,whereas monocrotophos

,profenofhos,acephate decreased by 3.1%,6.67%,8.18% respectively

Figure9: Uses of pesticides by all farmers

Chart Title
1.4
1.2
1
Axis Title

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Mono
Endos Profen Aceph
crotop Imida
ulfan ophos ate
hos
2010-11 0.63 0.39 0.42 0.34 0.15
2009-10 0.65 0.43 0.45 0.37 0.15

54
5.2 Fertilizer consumption
Fertilizer makes soil more fertile, allowing it to grow more crops it can be toxic if not carefully
watched. Over-fertilization of land can cause the roots of the plant to dry up and the land to
become unable to produce. Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in particular are believed to be the worst
for the environment, mostly due to their effect on the water supply. These fertilizers also emit
nitrous oxide, which has more of an impact on the ozone layer (and, as a result, global warming)
than carbon dioxide.

Graphs indicate that use of urea has decreased by 4.1%,whereas there is DAP,Narmada cane,AS
consumption has decreased by 6.7%,3.7%7.7% respectively due to proper use of pesticides on
appropriate time .

Figure 10: Consumption of fertilizer (KG) per Ha by all farmers

250
a 196188
200
m 165154
o 150
u
100
n 57 55
t 50
13 12 7 7 2009-10
0 2010-11

fertilizer

55
5.3 Water consumption
Due to inappropriate water management and irrigation technology, water run-off from fields to
adjacent rivers, wetlands and lakes is common. This run-off, however, does not only contain soil
sediments but also pesticide residues, salts and fertilizers. Investigations show that irrigated
cotton cropping can lead to increased run-off into ground water (deep percolation). The
consequence of this are rising ground water tables and eventually the establishment of shallow
water tables. This does not only decrease agricultural productivity but also leads, in dry climates,
to the salination of soils.

From previous year water consumption has come down from 8706 meter cube to 8312 meter
cube it is about 4.5% due to awareness and better water management practices.

Figure 11: Water consumption (meter cube) per Ha by all farmers

w 8800 8706
a 8700
t 8600
e c 8500
r u 8312
8400 water use(meter
b
8300 cube/ha)
m e
e s 8200
t 8100
e
r

56
6 Socio economic status
There are 245 new farmers of different villages have joined the BCI projects recently under
ACF .For knowing the socio economic status of new farmers we selected one village as our
sample size,of 121 BCI new farmers. Base line survey,PRA and household survey questionnaire
given by the college were the important tools,we adopted for understanding socio economic
status of farmers .

Under socioeconomic status we analyzed the following aspects:

 Land holding

 Land distribution under different crops

 Annual income generated through agriculture

 Expenditure pattern

 Agriculture assets

 Education level

 Psychological aspects

6.1Land holding:
We classified the farmers according
to their land holding. Out of 121
farmers 24 farmers have land more Table 11: Land holding

than 10 acre .most of the farmers No of new farmers Land (acre) Category
have land between 4 acre to 10
24 More than 10 Large farmers
acre of land. Following table
illustrate the land holding of new 38 4 to 10 Medium farmers

farmers. 31 2 to 4 Semi medium

There are only 10 farmers having 18 1 to 2 Small farmers

one or less than 1 acre of land
10 Less than 1 Marginal farmers

57
6.2 Land distribution
Cotton, sugarcane, ground nut are important cash crops cultivated by farmers. Whereas wheat,
jowar,bajara are the important food crop cultivated by the farmers .on fifty percentage of the land
farmers used to grow cotton followed by jowar and bajara.Whereas sugarcane is cultivated on 35
% of the total land .10% of the land goes to production of Wheat and Groundnut .

Figure 12: Crops & land distribution for cultivation

5% cotton/jowar
10% /bajara
sugarcane

50%
ground nut /
35%
wheat
others

6.3 Annual income

Livelihood of the new farmers is totally depending Table 12: Annual income generated through
agriculture
upon agriculture and they get major chunk of
Sr. no Income range No of
money through crop cultivation. Out of 121 farmers

farmers‟ annual income of 32 farmers are more 1 Less than 40000 8

than 100000 lakhs annual income through 2 40000 to 60000 12

3 60000 to 80000 21
agriculture. Whereas 48 farmers have income
4 80000 to 100000 48
between 80000 to 100000 lakhs.
5 More than 32
100000

58
6.4 Expenditure pattern
Farmers spend 26% of their income on

agriculture as to purchase pesticides, Figure 13: Expenditure of farmers

fertilizers, Insecticides and hybrid seeds.

expenditure pattern
Whereas 20% spend on food items.
7% Agricultur
8%
They spend eight and seven percent on 8% Food
26%
clothing
social function and miscellaneous items. 8%
20% education
13%
health care
They also spend eight percent on interest 18%
interest
payment to the banks and cooperative.

6.5 Agriculture assets

Analyzing the economic aspects agriculture assets play important role on their social and
economical status. Out of 121 farmers 7 farmers have both tractor and bullock .whereas 9
farmers have tractor and 104 farmers have bullock.75 farmers have electric motor and 46 farmers
have diesel machine for irrigation .All the farmers have open well for the irrigation as a sources
of water.

6.6 Education
Out of 121 farmers 20 farmers are illiterate .whereas four farmers have got education above
graduation .9 farmers are graduate. There are 36 farmers have education level between class 5 th
to 10th class.

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 Table 13: Education level of farmers

Education Status No of farmers

th
Below 5 class 38

5th to 10th class 36

12th class 14

Graduation 9

Above graduation 4

20 farmers are illiterate

Source: Base line survey /household survey

6.7 Psychological aspects

We classified the farmers in the following category:

 Innovative Table 14: psychological category of

farmers
Innovative farmers are those farmers who have
willingness to adopt new trend of agriculture practice Category No of farmers
and try to apply some innovative concepts in
Innovative 12
agriculture
Progressive 88

Traditional 21

Source: Base line survey

 Progressive
Progressive are those who adopt agriculture practice as soon as after gaining information and
knowledge.

 Traditional
Traditional farmers are those who does not adopt new practices and always believe in
traditional method of agriculture.

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 CONCLUSION

BCI interventions in the village has really a great initiative and what we obesrved that minde set
of farmers have changed, they become aware about environment ,child labour ,and integrated
pest management pracices rather than tradional farming .Due to formation of group at village
level, it has drametically changed their psychology related to collective bargaining ,formation of
association of farmers for group benifite. Different types of biopesticide has been provided to the
farmers like vertosoft,biosoft has decreased their chemical dependecy to the great extant.Their
production per hector has increased, corresspondingly farmers have got good return instead of
heavy rain fall.

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 Part 4
Rural action component

“Implementation the concept of producers unit including PU

formation operationalises the management committee and imparts
various capacity building training to the PU under BCI project”

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1 Introduction

Agriculture is the major source of income for about two third of the Indian population who lives
in village. But, it is ironically to hear that between 1995 and 2005, one and a half lakh farmers
committed suicide across the country. A Situation of Farmers study undertaken by the National
Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) of the Government of India indicates that forty percent of
farmers, given a choice wish to get out of agriculture. How it seems when the capitalists are
rushing into agriculture, the farmers are rushing to get out of it.

Cotton is an important cash crop in Gujarat. It not only brings cash returns to the farmers,
supplies raw materials to the textile industry and provides employment in both the rural and the
urban areas. Gujarat is the single largest cotton producer state with 36 per cent (101 lakh bales)
of the total national production from the area about 25.00 lakh hectares in which Saurashtra
region alone contributes 68 % in the total production of the state.

So to make cotton as a better livelihood opportunity, Ambuja cement foundation is working on

BCI (Better cotton initiative) Project since 1 year. It aims to promote measurable improvements
in the key environmental and social impacts of cotton cultivation worldwide to make it more
economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable. Nearly everywhere it is grown cotton
represents an important cash crop for farmers and an economically valuable part of the total
national economy.

ACF is working in 10 villages under BCI project. It gathered 822 farmers in 2010 whose number
has increased up to 1028 this year. Various trainings under this project has made farmers aware
about their potential in cotton farming. So after organizing farmers from 3 talukas of junagadh
district it was a good time for ACF to take initiation to establish commercially viable producer
organization of cotton growers. The innovativeness in this concept is that in today‟s competitive
world, a farmer has to fend for everything right from finance, procuring inputs, farming for
production and marketing for converting his produce into cash. Each of these activities is an
expert area and one cannot expect a farmer to have resources, exposures, market linkages etc to
be competitive. In this direction, the PC is proposed to take over all responsibilities from the
farmer groups, leave them to farming and on farm activities, making them sustainable, where the
members are stake holders to the end.
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During our baseline survey in those villages, we interacted with many BCI farmers and came to
the point that the main problem they are facing are high cost of production ,lack of better market
linkage and good return. So, it was a great honor for us to work on such a concept which was
going to be a long term beneficial plan for the cotton growers.

1.1Objective
1) To improve the export potential of cotton as the member farmer is expected to follow Good
Agricultural Practices.
2) To carry on the business of production, harvesting, procurement, grading, pooling, and
handling cotton of the members or import goods or services for their benefit.

3) To provide for insurance cover and credit facilities to the farmers in a profitable manner.

4) To provide for welfare measures or facilities for the benefit of members.

Rural action component is one of the important parts of village study segment which help us to
improve the quality of life of the community people by implementing need based action. It
helped us to interact different BCI farmers and to know the problem associated with their
livelihood.
BCI is giving all types of training to the farmers for their both social and economical upliftment.
One of the best and unique is the mobile SMS messages to communicate current market prices of
improving the business position of BCI farmers. It made farmers well aware to market
dynamics, business principle and accept the new changes in them. So, it was quite easy for us to
work with these farmers.

Incorporation of PC takes at least 6 to 8 months. So time was the limiting factor for us. In the
limit factor of time we could arrange meeting with the farmer to introduce them the PU concept,
its need, benefits and provided capacity building trainings with the help of BCI staffs.
Initially we did contact to extension volunteer of all the 10 villages and organized our action with
the help of BCI team in sequential manner.

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2 Our action

Table 1: Activities profile

Step 1 Rapport building with the BCI farmers.

Step 2 Meeting with the BCI farmers and found out their problems associated
with their produce
Step 3 Introduce the concept of PU to the BCI members, specially ,Scrab-
Facillitator
tep 4 Provided capacity building trainings to the BCI members with the help of
BCI staffs
Step 5 Selection of Active members for exposure visit to ASA producer
company,MP
Step 6 Drafting Bylaws and Offered structural framework for PC

2.1 Aim and Target

Our aim was to motivate farmers to think agriculture as a new hope. It started with introducing
them the PU concept, its benefit in a long turn, and better opportunities in coming future. We
targeted BCI members, especially all the Scrab-Facilitator from all the 10 villages.

2.2 When and Where

The various trainings to the BCI members by experts created a learning environment among
them which made them more adjustable to any new change. But to mobilize them to think about
a producer company was not an easy task. A strong believe on the organization, a continuous
effort from us and a number of meetings helped BCI farmers to think, agriculture as a business.
After the baseline survey, we started working on PU concept which was the right time to initiate.
It took 15 to 20 days to organize the meeting in all the 10 villages of 3 talukas (Kodinar, Una,
Sutrapada)under BCI. We spent starting few days in the general meeting of the farmers and rest
days in introducing PU concept, providing capacity building trainings and selection of the active
members for exposure visit.

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2.3 Criteria for Selection

 Education status
 Nature of farmers [progressive /innovative ]
 Leadership quality

2.4 Implementation of the PU concept

We organized meeting at the village level in 10 villages of 3 talukas. ACF had made already
Different Learning groups in each village with 2 heads of each LG. During baseline survey itself
we started giving the basic concept of PU at village level. Later when the survey was finished we
focused mainly on organizing meeting of BCI members specially scrab- facilitator.At this time
we provided them various capacity building trainings. After meeting we had selection of active
members from each village for the exposure visit to ASA Producer Company. Selection was
done with the consent of all members and in our observation. As per demand by the organization,
we offered the organogram of the producer company and drafted bylaws for the same.

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 ACF PRODUCER COMPANY LIMITED

Preferably from each Board of Directors (10)

village

Chairman

CEO

Planning and Finance Division (CEO + 1AP

+ 1 BOD)

Production and Processing Division Marketing Division (CEO+

1BoD+1MO)
1PM+CEO+Agri Members+2BODs

(CEO+LM+LC+1 BoD)
Production Organisers(15 BCI
Whole sell
members)

Retail sell through

Company's outlet

Village level members (preferably 8

from each village)

All BCI members

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Activities of the company shall be operated through three major divisions like

 Planning, Finance and Procurement Division

 Production and Processing Division
 Marketing Division

All division shall be worked in reciprocal manner. Planning, Procurement and Finance Division
shall have CEO+ Accounts Person + 1 BoD (Representative of board), Production and
Processing Division consists Production Manager (Experienced Person) + CEO+ Agri Members
+ 2 BoDs where Marketing Division shall include CEO of the company +1Board of Director+1
Marketing Officer( MBA Marketing +2-3 Yrs marketing experiences). The Process of
establishing each division will start immediately before starting the business operation in full
swing. It is intended that each division will have active presence of Board members who will
understand the whole business process properly and play active role in management of Producer
Company and decision making process of the company.

Village level members will handle all the works at village level.

3 Learning & experience

It was a great learning for us to work on PU concept, as we observed that a single step of
livelihood enhancement can make a farmer double confident towards a better future.

3.1 Our Experience

We had a very good experience in the village locality with their culture, livelihood pattern, work,
way of living etc. we observed many village level issues and causes of behind that .It was our
first time, working in the villages to show them the better livelihood linkage .The warmth with
which they greeted us and their words of appreciation were more rewarding than any
performance appraisal.. We had the back support from the organization at every step of our
work.

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 Part 5

NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME

69
1 Introduction
NSS is an extension dimension to the education system to orient the student youth to community
service while they are studying in educational institutions, under the aegis of Ministry of Youth
Affairs & Sports, Govt. of India.

As a part of our VSS segment NSS activities was a mandatory component. Therefore from the
beginning itself we had in mind to carry out such activities which not only fulfills the criterion of
our study segment but also which benefits the community people, the organization i.e. Ambuja
cement foundation and us. The main purpose and objective behind NSS is to create awareness on
various issues among community through community participation and active involvement by all
the members of a community and to practice national integration and social harmony. For
awareness rally we selected school children of Rakhej village and in same school we organized
debate competition on 26th of January. Topic of the debate competition was „‟HEALTH AND
SANITATION‟‟

We also participated in the first day of national pulse polio campaign for 2011 as volunteers and
helped the Anganbadi and Asha member and people for the smooth conduct of program and gave
our volunteer service at anganbadi centre of sonpura village for teaching small children.

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2 Activities under NSS
 Awareness rally against child labour
 Debate competition
 Pulse polio
 Volunteer service at anganbadi centre

During our base line survey and after formal introduction and long interaction and discussion on
various topics of the village and school we put our proposal to the headmaster of the primary
school for some social service activity under NSS component like awareness rally and some
competition in school .They heartily welcome us to doing any such kind of activities.

After a long thinking and discussion we finalized two activities under NSS component‟s at
primary school that is awareness rally against child labor and elocution competition.

2.1 Debate competition and Awareness rally against child labor

The problem of child labor continues to pose a challenge before the nation. Government has
been taking various pro-active measures to tackle this problem. However, considering the
magnitude and extent of the problem and that it is essentially a socio-economic problem
inextricably linked to poverty and illiteracy, it requires concerted efforts from all sections of the
society to make a dent in the problem. The issue of child labor is usually at the forefront of
discussion when dealing with labor concern in the cotton sector and is reported in much cotton –
producing country. Children contribute labor to cotton growing in these countries, primarily in
cotton picking and to lesser degree in weeding activity
Problems of child labor in saurashtra region of Gujarat are quite grim, most of the villagers are
cotton growers and their children are doing work in cotton field instead of going school. Deeply
shocked by the situation of child labor in this region we planned to organized rally against child
labor with the help of students of local primary school to give message to the community people
about the ill effects of child labor on the auospious republic day.

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For organizing rally we had discussion with head master about timing and different cultural
activity so that all activity should run smoothly .we reached to school early in the morning about
6:30 am so the we can facilitate the student for different activity. We lent a hand in the school
ground cleaning process, color papers arrangement and erecting the flag pole and flowers .we
also gave instruction to the student for making poster for rally. After general work and meeting
with head master and teachers, we gather for flag hosting at 8:30 am. After flag hosting and
singing national anthem, school headmaster gave motivation speech to the student. It was really
matter of proud of us that school Headmaster also invited us for giving speech and share
experience with the student. In our address to the student we not only give speech related
importance of education but also gave example of father of nation Mahatma Gandhi, Pandit
Jawaharlal Nehru, and try to inculcate the idea of these great people so that they would be hero
of 21st century. We make them understand about the child labor and its ill effect, we requested
Surpanch, parent and gathered people to join hand to tackle the menace of child labor and giving
freedom so they would be a ideal people. At last of our speech we gave general guidance and
rule and regulation about debate competition. After our speech, different cultural program
started. It was really mesmerizing experience to see dance performed by girls students. Just after
the dance was over we started debate competition.

Figure 2: Prize distribution for winners, 26th january 2011

Figure 1: Debate competition, 26th January 2011

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We decided theme of debate “HEALTH AND SANITATION” that it would be a message to
the community people. In this debate competition six students participated of classes from three
to seven. Student performance was judge bye panel of two people consists of Jaya Sharma and
one school teacher. Student performance was really plausible and enthusiastic and this activity
was really got a big hand by the headmaster and teacher‟s .at the final prize was distributed
among the students by honorable presence of Surpanch of the village to encourage the
student.For awareness campaign we organized rally with the help of student of class of 5 th, 6th
and 7th at 11:30 am. Before March we gave him strict guide line to the student about does and
don‟t do during campaign. Students participated during campaign were holding poster with
slogan written on them. Participant not only marching silently but they were distributing cards
written with menace of child labor to the community people. We covered whole village and try
to give message to the people. During rally not only young and youth were enthusiastic but
house lady were also eager to communicate with us and had desire to know all the activity .it
took two hour to cover whole village and we returned at 1:30 pm .participated students were
very delighted about the rally .after returning sweets were distributed to the all students .

Figure 3: Addressing to the students ,26th January 2011 Figure 4: Awareness rally against child labor, 26th January
2011

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2.2 Pulse polio activity
We reached early morning to Angandadi Kendra of Rahej village on 23 rd January to help the
anganbadi women for smooth run of pulse polio on the first day of pulse polio campaign
2011.we worked as helper o the angandadi worker. We helped anganbadi worker for bringing
vaccine casket from local primary health centre to the anganbadi centre. We also helped
anganbadi women for introducing the Bivalent Oral Polio Vaccine to the children under age of
five year. One of us was writing the name of children in the attendance sheet to know about the
percentage of children immunized. During interaction with Asha member we got to know that
some of old traditional women were unaware about the polio campaign and they have some
disbelief about this vaccine and not allowing their children for introducing vaccine .it was really
a matter of great satisfaction for us that we made these women understand about the importance
of polio vaccine and bought children to the anganbadi centre for introducing vaccine. We spent
half of the day as volunteer service at Anganbadi centre.

Figure 5: polio vaccination, 23rd January 2011

2.3 Volunteer service at Anganbadi centre of Sonpura

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Teaching to small children was really a dream for us before coming to Sonpura .at last phase of
our theme work we got chance to meet Angandadi worker of sonpura village .and express our
eagerness to teach small children and she whole heartedly welcome our proposal .Next day we
reached to the anganbadi centre and helped worker for bringing the small children from their
respective house. Teaching the innocent children was really a great experience. Teaching
methodology was not formal as us but it was rather informal, just to get more familiar with us we
distributed chocolate to the children. We discuss and try to make them aware about cleanness of
body. We teach them about it is necessary to wash hand before and after meal, cleanness of teeth
as well as how to maintain sanitation in the class room. Next day of our interaction we teach
them counting.

Figure 6: Interaction with kids at Anganbadi, Sonpura

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