Purpose

 To provide a level surface capable of supporting

occupants of building, equipment/furniture,
partitions, etc.
 Satisfy :
Adequate strength and safety
Adequate fire resistance
Sound insulation
Damp resistance
Thermal insulation

 Floors resting directly on ground: ground floors

 Floors of each storey, above ground level: upper
floors

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 Components of a Floor
 Sub-floor: base course or floor bas
gives proper support to floor covering
do not settle

 Floor covering: flooring material

Materials for construction

 Cement concrete
 Lime concrete
 Stones
 Bricks
 Wooden blocks

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 Selection of Flooring Material
Initial cost
 Appearance
 Cleanliness
 Durability
 Damp resistance
 Sound insulation
 Thermal insulation
 Fire resistance
 Smoothness
 Hardness
 Maintenance

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 Mud Flooring

 Cheap, Hard, Impervious, easy to construct and

maintain
 Good thermal insulator
 Over a well prepared ground, 25 cm moist earth is
spread.
 Layer is compacted to 15 cm thickness
 To prevent cracks due to drying, chopped straw is
mixed with moist earth
 cement cow-dung is spread on the top

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 Muram Flooring

 Muram is a form of disintegrated rock with binding

material
 15 cm thick muram is laid over prepared subgrade
 Over it, 2.5 cm thick fine/powdered muram is
spread and water is sprinkled
 Surface is rammed, and saturated with 6 mm thin
film of water
 The surface is rubbed with thin paste of wow dung
and rammed for two days

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 Brick Flooring

 Cheap. Suitable to: ware-houses, stores, godowns

 Method 1: Subgrade is compacted properly, and 7.5
cm thick sand layer is placed
 Over this, course of bricks is laid in mortar
 Over this, brick flooring is laid in 13 mm thick bed
of mortar.
 Method 2: 10 to 15 cm thick mortar is placed over
the prepared subgrade
 Over this, bricks are laid on edge on 12 mm thick
mortar.
 Herring bone fashion is prepared in brick flooring

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 Flag stone Flooring

 Flag stone is any laminated sand stone available in

2 to 4 cm thickness
 Available in the form of stone slabs
 Sub soil is properly compacted, and 10 to 15 cm
thick lime/cement concrete is laid
 Over this, 20 to 25 cm thick layer of bed mortar is
placed
 Stone slabs are laid on mortar base
 Work is started from diagonally opposite corners
and brought up from
 Mortar in the joints is raked (15 to 20 mm) and
then pointed

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 Cement Concrete Flooring

 Cheap, durable, and easy to construct

 Consists of: base concrete and wearing surface
 Can be laid monolithically (good bond) or non-
monolithically (no cracks, fast progress)
 Base coarse is 7.5 to 10 cm thick
 Lean concrete (1:3:6 or 1:5:10) is used for base
 Toping consists of cement concrete panels of size
1x2; 2x2; 1x2 m
 Topping concrete: 1:2:4 (usually 4 cm)

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 Terrazo Flooring

 Terrazo is a specially prepared surface containing

white/grey cement and marble chips (1:1.25 to 1:2)
 Very decorative and has good weathering
properties
 Marble chips vary from 3 to 6 mm
 Base preparation: same as for cement concrete
flooring
 Aluminum or glass strips are used to divide the
area into suitable panels
 Top layer has 40 mm thickness (34 mm cement
concrete 1:2:4 and 6 mm terrazo topping)

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 Mosaic Flooring

 Mosaic is made of small pieces of broken tiles of

china glazed, or cement, or marble
The pieces are cut to desired shape and size
 Concrete base is prepared as in cement concrete
flooring
 Over the base, 5 to 8 cm thick lime surkhi mortar is
placed and spread
 On this, 3 mm cementing material is placed and
dried for 4 hours
 Then mosiacs are arranged in different pattern and
hammered into cementing layer

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 Tiled Flooring

 Constructed from square/hexagonal tiles made of

clay, cement concrete or terrazo
 Method of laying is similar to flag stone flooring
 Over the concrete base, 25 to 30 mm thick mortar
is placed, and hardened for 12 to 24 hours
 Cement slurry is spread over the bedding mortar
and the tiles are laid flat over it.
 Joints in tiles were grooved with cement slurry of
same colour shade
 Flooring is cured for 7 days

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 Marble Flooring

 Superior type of flooring

 Base is prepared as that for a cement concrete
flooring
 Over the base, 20 mm thick mortar is laid
 Over this, marble slab is laid and gently pressed
with wooden mallet and levelled
 Paved area is cured for about a week

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 Timber Flooring

 Used for carpentry halls, dancing halls,

auditoriums, etc.
 Slightly costlier
 DPC layer is to be introduced below flooring
 Can be suspended or solid type
Flooring consists of boarding supported on bridging
or floor joists of timber
 Wooden block flooring is laid over it
Nailing strips are provided to support wooden
blocks

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