Module 2: BKF2741 Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I

1.0 Title of Experiment

Determination of heat of reaction for chemical reaction process

2.0 Objective
The objectives of this experiment is to calculate the heat changes for specific reaction

3.0 Introduction

One sign that a chemical reaction is taking place in a mixture is the observation of
a temperature change. The temperature change is detected by the emission of heat to, or
the absorption of heat from the surroundings. These are referred to as exothermic and
endothermic processes, respectively. The measurement of the heat given off or absorbed
is important because these changes reflect changes in the energy states of the molecules
involved in the chemical reaction. In a chemical reaction, chemical bonds are broken,
which requires energy, and new chemical bonds are formed, which is accompanied by the
release of energy. The heat given off or absorbed in a chemical reaction is called the heat
of reaction (or enthalpy of reaction, ΔH).

Terms and definitions:

i. Heat of formation: the heat released or adsorbed during formation of 1 mol of
pure substances from its elements at specific condition
ii. Heat of combustion: the energy released as heat when a compound undergoes
complete combustion with oxygen (amount of heat release/ mol burned
substances)
iii. Heat of solution, vaporization, heat of fusion and sublimation: the heat/energy
that involves the changes of a substance condition or hydration of molecules/
ions.

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Module 2: BKF2741 Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I
iv. Heat of neutralization: amount of heat release during formation of 1 mol water
from acid and base reaction

Enthalpy is defined as the amount of heat for particular substance at specific condition.
The term enthalpy is composed of the prefix en-, meaning to "put into", plus the Greek
word -thalpein, meaning "to heat", although the original definition is thought to have
stemmed from the word, "enthalpos". The Hess Law stated that the reaction A and B
produces C. Therefore:
∆HC = ∆HA + ∆HB

If a process can be considered to occur in stages or steps (either actually or

hypothetically) the enthalpy change for the overall process can be obtained by summing
the enthalpy changes for the individual steps.

In this experiment, the ∆T of reaction is determined through the extrapolation of graph

temperature versus time for each set of data. The Cp for water is 4.184 Jg-1C-1 while
density is 1.0 gmL-1.
Temperature , oC

∆T

Time (min)

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FKKSA/BKF2741/Module/Rev01/2/08/10
Module 2: BKF2741 Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I

Method to calculate heat of reaction:

ΔH is the amount of heat produce from the reaction
ΔH =mC p Δt
m = mass of solution
∆t = temperature changes, oC
Cp = specific heat

The system is well insulated. Due to this situation the heat loses is zero.
mhot C p Δt hot +mcold C p Δt cold +C cal Δt cold =0
mhot = mass of the hot water
mcold= mass of the cold water
C cal Δt cold = amount of heat adsorbs by calorimeter

Method to calculate ΔH A and

ΔH C

In order to obtain molar enthalpy, ΔH A and

ΔH C , the reaction’s enthalpy can be
obtained using following equation:
−ΔH =macid C p ΔT +C cal ΔT

ΔH
ΔH 0=
Molar enthalpy, n

Given density for acetic acid, KOH and HCL is 1.0597 g/L, 1.5355 g/L and 1.1789 g/L
respectively.

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FKKSA/BKF2741/Module/Rev01/2/08/10
Module 2: BKF2741 Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I
4.0 Experimental Procedure

4.1 Determination of colorimeter constant

1. Fill up 10 ml of tap water at ambient temperature into a test tube (T1). Insert a
thermometer in the test tube to measure the temperature and place them inside an
insulator. Record the temperature.
2. Fill up 10 ml of tap water in another test tube (T2), and heat it up using hot water
bath at 45-55 oC. Record the actual temperature.
3. Pour T2 solution into T1. After that, place the test tube inside the insulator.
Record the temperature immediately every 1 minute for 5 minutes in Table 5.1.
4. Repeat this experiment for 3 times to get the average values.

4.2 Heat of neutralization for HCl and KOH

1. Fill up 10 ml of 1M HCl solution in a test tube 1 (T1) and 10 ml of 1M KOH
solution in test tube 2 (T2)
2. Close both test tubes with rubber stopper to prevent heat loss. Insert the
thermometer to record the temperature for every 1 minute for 5 minutes. (you may
use rubber stopper equipped with thermometer and make sure the thermometer
touches the solution)
3. Mix KOH solution with HCl solution. Record the temperature changes every 1
minute for 5 minutes in Table 5.2.
4. Extrapolate the temperature base on the mixing time for each solution, and
calculate heat of neutralization per mole of water.
5. The mass calculation must base on the mass of KOH (1) used.
6. Repeat this experiment once again.

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FKKSA/BKF2741/Module/Rev01/2/08/10
Module 2: BKF2741 Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I
4.3 Heat of neutralization for HC2H3O2 (ak) and KOH (ak)
Repeat procedure 4.2 using 10 ml of 1 M acetic acid solution and 10 ml of 1 M
KOH solution. Record your data in Table 5.3

4.4 Heat of solution- KOH (s)

1. Weight 2.00 g of KOH powder using analytical weighting machine.
2. Fill up 10 ml of distilled water into a test tube (T1). Using a rubber stopper that
equipped with thermometer, record the distilled water temperature for every 1
minute for 3 minutes. Record the temperature reading every 1 minute.
3. Load 2.00 g of KOH into the test tube. Stir slowly and carefully the solution
using a thermometer and record the temperature changes for 10 minutes at 1
minute interval at the same time. Fill up Table 5.4
4. Repeat this experiment once again and record the average temperature.

4.5 Heat of reaction for HCl (aq) and KOH (s)

1. Weight 0.20 g of KOH powder.
2. Fill up 10 ml of 1 M HCl in a test tube (T1). Record the temperature for every 1
minute for 3 minutes.
3. Load the KOH powder into the test tube (T1). Slowly and carefully, stir the
mixture using a thermometer.
4. Record the temperature reading for 10 minutes with 1 minute interval in Table
5.5.
5. Repeat once again this experiment.

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FKKSA/BKF2741/Module/Rev01/2/08/10
 Module 2: BKF2741 Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I

5.0 Data Collection

Table 5.1 Equilibrium of water through calorimeter device
Trial Time, min 0 1 2 Mix 0 1 2 3 4 5
1 Hot water temperature, oC * * * * * * * * * *
Cold water temperature, oC
2 Hot water temperature, oC * * * * * * * * * *
Cold water temperature, oC
3 Hot water temperature, oC * * * * * * * * * *
Cold water temperature, oC
* mixture

Table 5.2 Heat of neutralization for HCl (aq) and KOH (aq)
Trial Time, min 0 1 2 3 4 5 Mix 0 1 2 3 4 5
1 HCl temperature, oC * * * * * * * *
NaOH temperature, oC
2 HCl temperature, oC * * * * * * * *
o
NaOH temperature, C
Aver HCl temperature, oC * * * * * * * *
age NaOH temperature, oC
* mixture
Table 5.3 Heat of neutralization for HC2H3O2 (ak) and KOH (ak)

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FKKSA/BKF2741/Module/Rev01/2/08/10
 Module 2: BKF2741 Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I

Trial Time, min 0 1 2 3 4 5 Mix 0 1 2 3 4 5

1 HC2H3O2 temperature, oC * * * * * * * *
NaOH temperature, oC
2 HC2H3O2 temperature, oC * * * * * * * *
NaOH temperature, oC
Aver HC2H3O2 temperature, oC * * * * * * * *
o
age NaOH temperature, C
* mixture

Table 5.4 Heat of solution- KOH (s)

Trial Time, min 0 1 2 3 Mix,0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 Water temperature, oC * * * * * * * * * * *

2 Water temperature, oC * * * * * * * * * * *

Average Water temperature, oC * * * * * * * * * * *

* solution temperature

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FKKSA/BKF2741/Module/Rev01/2/08/10
 Module 2: BKF2741 Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I

Table 5.5 Heat of reaction for HCL (aq) and KOH (aq)
Trial Time, min 0 1 2 3 Mix,0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 Solution temperature, oC * * * * * * * * * * *

2 Solution temperature, oC * * * * * * * * * * *

Average Solution temperature, oC * * * * * * * * * * *

* solution temperature

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FKKSA/BKF2741/Module/Rev01/2/08/10
Module 2: BKF2741 Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory I

6.1 Discussion
1. Calculate heat of reaction from each data obtain
2. Compare the heat of reaction per mole of water formed from the following
reaction: i) neutralization of HCl (aq) and KOH (aq), ii) neutralization of
HC2H3O2 (aq) and KOH (aq) and iii) HCL (aq) and KOH (s). Explain roughly on
how the data can be illustrated into Hess Law for constant heat summation
3. Compare heat of neutralization: i) HCL (aq) and KOH (aq), ii) HC 2H3O2 (aq) and
KOH (aq). Try to relate these experimental results with net ionic equation
4. Using the Hess Law, for HC2H3O2 (aq) and KOH (aq) reaction, write a procedure
on ionization of HC2H3O2 and neutralization of H+ and –OH, complete reaction
path including the amount of heat adsorbed during each reaction.

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FKKSA/BKF2741/Module/Rev01/2/08/10