Restricted THIS LEAFLET MUST NOT FALL INTO ENEMY HANDS D. OF A. (INDIA) section F JAPANESE AMMUNITION LEAFLETS LEaFteT F 20 JAPANESE BOOBY TRAPS Evidence from all the theatres shows that the Japanese make little use of standard mechanical or electrical devices ; with the exception of a few, almost all the booby traps so far encountered have been crude, improvised devices making use of various types of Japanese, as well as captured British and American ammunition. The underlying principle of booby- trapping being the element of surprise, they are set up in the most unexpected places, concealed in or under apparently harmless-looking objects of daily use. A knowledge of the methods used helps considerably in their detection. 2. The types of traps and the possible sites that may be encountered are innumerable, so no complete Jist can be given, but alist of booby traps which are known to have been used or which may have been used by the Japanese is appended at the end of this Leaflet, with illustrations to show the method of laying. Most of these should be taken only as indicative of what might be expected rather than as an account of what have actually been encountered and examined. In addition to these the devices detailed below are also reported to have been used by the Japanese. There seems to be no organised booby trapping but it is rather left to individual initiative. Perhaps it is for this reason that traps and mines are often inexpertly laid and that little attempt is often made to conceal wires etc. (i) Black Powder Friction Igniter:—Consists of a pull type friction igniter Duried in a large exp =aere tne arge in the floor of an abandoned tunnel. A pull wire was attached to the wire loop of the igniter and secured by knotting to a white blanket stuffed between a support and the earthen wall. Attempt to remove the blanket will have initiated the friction igniter. (i) Pres 21/2-in. in diameter and a shaft containing the striker, creep spring and flash cap to which is attached 6-in. of safety fuze and a detonator. A safety pin under the head prevents movement during setting. This device is used in conjunction with a large charge of dynamite. Tank Trap :—A trip wire fitted to a pull igniter in a 5-Ib. explosive charge was stretched across a tank track. (iv) Trip Wire Across Road :—5-Ibs. of Nobels 808 was dug into the face of one tant oes on the side of a track, Into this was inserted a pull switch with detonator crimped on. A trip wire led from the charge across the track to the opposite bank. (v) Trip Wire :—A bundle of T.N.T. sticks was wired to a doorway and a trip wire aR rom a pull igniter in the charge across the doorstep. (vi) Improvised Can Charge :—A gallon can is filled with explosive and an electric ied ze Gevise attached tity. This device can be actuated by remote control or by a pressure circuit-closing mechanism. Alternatively, a grenade may be lashed to the charge so that direct pressure on the grenade fuze would detonate the charge.(vii) (viii) (ix) (x (xi) (xii) (xiii) (xiv) (xv) (xvi) (xvii) (xviii) Improvised Charge :—Explosive packed around a 75-mm. projectile carried a pull igniter with a trip wire attached. Movement of the wire would set off the explosive and detonate the projectile. Radio Command Post ——An airfield radio command post consisted of a generator and transmitter housed ina tent. The explosive charges were soven in number each consisting of 10 one round blocks of picrie acid and firing devices. Five of these charges were connected in series with the transmitter so that they would detonate if the transmitter were energised. A sixth charge was connected to a trip wire covering the entrance to the post and a seventh connected to a rifle in the immediate vicinity. Suspended Grenade :—A grenade is suspended by a strip of cloth and tied with @ quick-release knot to the door of a bunker. Opening of the door would release the grenade allowing it to fall on its striker, Booby-trapped Aircraft :—Abandoned Japanese aircraft are reported to have Deen rigged with several urmed mines, grenades and anti-personnel weapons thus resulting in the death of souvenir hunters. Grenades Buried in Ground:-—Hand grenades are buried vertically in the ‘ground with their heads left exposed about an inch above ground level. The pins are removed and hence pressure on the head alone would be sufficient to detonate the grenades, Mortar Shell and Grenade:—A number of Type °89 HLE. shell are bound together and a fragmentation hand grenade tied to the cluster. The hand grenade is initiated and the cluster is then thrown. Anti-lifting Device :—A grenade is placed under an anti-tank mine as an anti- Iifting devices, the mine having been partially covered with earth. The safety pin of the grenade is three parts withdrawn and a string tied to the safety pin ring and to the mine. Mortar and Hand Grenade:—Bundles of Type °91 grenades packed around armed hand grenades were set in the ground and covered with boards or matting. Pressure on the fuzes fired the device. Captured. Mines:—Captured British Mk. 4 and Mk, 5 mines were used with the faze holes packed with gelignite and a pressure switch inserted. Mine Fuzes :—The anti-personnel fuze for the Type "93 Mine and the plastic Fuze used in the Type 3 “Flowerpot” (non-metallic) Mine can be easily used as booby traps in the form of pressure or trip igniters. It is reported that. the fuze of the Type 3 Mine is interchangeable with the standard Type °88 and Type *100 artillery fuzes and hence can be used for booby-trapping these shell. (See also Serial No. 68 in Chart.) Double Bomb Booby Trap :—A Japanese aerial bomb, with its arming vanes unwound aticlartty oa to permit the striker to be pressed downwards, is buried vertically, nose up. A British or American aerial bomb is buried horizontally and is in contact with the vertical bomb. A considerable blow would be required to explode this device. Booby-trapped Bombs :— (a) Bombs ranging from 30-Kg. to 250-Kg. were found buried nose up around air-strips, towns streets, beaches etc. Some were fitted with electric caps sealed in the fuze pocket and wired for remote control firing. Others were equipped with armed nose fuzes designed to be actuated by pressure on the head of the fuze.3 (b) A special pressure device operating on the shear wire prineiple is reported to have been threaded to fit the standard bomb nose fuze pocket. Bombs were also rigged for remote control firing with electric detonating devices exactly fitting the aperture in the bomb nose. ° (xix) Booby-trapped Shell :—A British 3.7-in, shell with 808 packed around its base had Ae Re Switches attached. (xx) 50-mm. Discharger Shells :—Bundles of 50-mm. Type ’89 HE. shells were wired Together eirap with several electrie caps placed in the fuze pockets. Leads ran to a remote control firing position. (xxi) Bounding Mortar Bomb :—A captured 150-mm. Mortar bomb was propelled from @ short tube the propellant being ignited by a friction safety fuze igniter. Another friction igniter, which detonates the mortar bomb, is attached to the propellant tube by a short length of cord. Thus the bomb detonates only after it has bounded up from the ground. (xxii) Torpedo Warhead :--A torpedo warhead, buried 1 to 3 feet in the sand, was rigged to-a trip wite, The arming element was removed and a bight of wire knotted around the inertia pot in the exploder. Pull on the trip wire releases the striker. (xxiii) Bangalore Torpedo :—A trip wire is attached to the pull type friction igniter ‘oF tae sapslore a ‘torpedo and used as a booby trap. (xxiv) ‘droplane Torpedo Exploders :—These were rigged as trip wire booby traps. peceomlane ompe ‘could explode oe ‘when the wire is pulled or upon release of tension. (xxv) Depth Charge :—Depth charges were buried in the ground fitted with booster, letonator and striker over which was suspended a heavy lead weight. A trip wire led to a remote control post and pulling of the wire would release the leadl weight which would drop on to the striker, thus detonating the depth charge. 3. Tt will be seen from the foregoing list of traps that, though there is no systematic or planned laying of booby traps, the Japanese make use of all types of ammunition, both their own as well as captured, in rigging booby traps. 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