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STOCK EXCHANGE
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Final Year Project's is One place for all Engineering Projects, Presentation, seminar,
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BSE is one of the factors Indian Economy depends upon. BSE has played
a major role in the development of the country. Through BSE, Foreign
Investors have invested in India. Due to inward flow of foreign currency
the, the Indian economy have started showing the upward trend
towards the development of the country.
In most of major industrial cities all over the world, where the
businesses were evolving and required investment capital to grow and
thrive, stock exchanges acted as the interface between Suppliers and
Consumers of capital. One of the key advantages of the stock
exchanges is that they are efficient medium for raising resources and
channeling savings from the general public by the way of issue of Equity
/ Debt Capital by joint stock companies which are listed on stock
exchanges.
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Not to forget that the taxes and other statutory charges paid by BSE are
substantial and make a sizeable contribution to the Government
exchequer (Financial resources; funds). For example, transactions on
the stock exchanges are subject to stamp duties, which is paid to the
State Government. The annual revenue from this source ranges from Rs
75 – 100 crores
With no doubt we can clearly state without BSE, the Indian Economy
would have been a complete different story. Various companies wouldn’t
have been a strong and successful as they are today and the brokers
and traders would have been elsewhere.
BSE is an asset to our country and its existence plays a vital role in
many people’s life who depends on it. Indeed, BSE has made a major
contribution to the industrial and economic development of India.
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FUNCTIONS OF BSE
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Final Year Project's is One place for all Engineering Projects, Presentation, seminar,
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Act of Magic:
Most of the investors are interested in short-term investments. The
requirements of companies are, however, long-term in nature—they
require equity capital on a more or less permanent basis and
debenture capital for 3 to 15 years. Thanks to the negotiability and
transferability of securities, through the stock market, it is possible
for companies to obtain their long-term requirements from
investors with short-term horizons. While one investor is
substituted by another when a security is transacted, the company
is assured of availability of funds.
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Final Year Project's is One place for all Engineering Projects, Presentation, seminar,
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NOTE:-This work is copyright to its Authors. This is only for Educational Purpose.
Each stock exchange has its own criteria for listing securities
which should also be met.
Eg: If company intends to get listed its securities in Bombay
Stock Exchange, Mumbai post issue capital (paid up capital after
proposed public issue) of such companies should be Rs. 10
Crores atleast.
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Trading:
Each Stock Exchange has listed and permitted securities that are
traded on it. There are two ways of organizing the trading activity.
Under the open outcry system traders shout and resort to signals
on the trading floor of the exchange which consists of several
‘notional’ trading posts for different securities. A member (or his
representative) wishing to buy or sell a certain security, reaches the
trading post where the security is traded. Here, he comes in contact
with others interested in transacting in that security. Buyers make
their bid and sellers make their offers and bargains are closed at
mutually agreed-upon prices. In stock where jobbing is done, the
jobber plays an important role. He stands ready to buy or sell on
his account. He quotes his bid (buying) and ask (selling) prices. He
provides some stability and continuity to the market.
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Settlement:
To mitigate the cost and the risks associated with the physical
delivery, settlement in the developed securities market is mainly
through electronic delivery facilitated by depositories. A ‘depository’
is an institution which immobilizes physical certificates (of
securities) and effect transfers of ownership by electronic book
entry. A beginning in the direction of electronic delivery has been
made in India with the establishment of the National Securities
Depository Limited (NSDL), India’s first depository, in 1996. As
NSDL expands its operations and as new depositories come into
being, settlement will progressively be done more by electronic
delivery and less by physical delivery.
11
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INVESTMENT
It is more risky
A successful short term trading mindset instead requires iron
discipline, intense focus and steely devotion.
Short term trading can be divided in 3 sections
• Day Trading
• Swing Trading
• Position Trading
Day Trading
Day traders buy and sell stocks throughout the day in the hope that
the price of the stocks will fluctuate in value during the day,
allowing them to earn quick profits. A day trader will hold a stock
anywhere from a few seconds to few hours, but will always sell all
of those stocks close of the day. The day trader will therefore not
own any position at the close of the each day, and there is
overnight risk. The objective of day trading is to quickly get in and
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out of any particular stock for profits anywhere from few cents to
several points per share on an intra-day basis. Day trading can be
further sub-divided into number of styles, including.
Scalpers: This style of day trading involves the rapid and repeated
buying and selling of a large volume of stocks within seconds or
minutes. The objective is to earn a small per share profit on each
transaction while minimizing the risk.
Momentum Traders: This style of day trading involves identifying and
trading stocks that are in a moving pattern during the day, in an
attempt to buy stocks at bottoms and sell at tops.
Swing Trading
The principal difference between day trading and swing trading is that
swing traders will normally have a slightly longer time horizon than day
traders for holding a position in a stock. As is the case with day traders,
swing traders also attempt to predict the short term fluctuation in a
stock’s price. However swing traders are willing to hold the stocks for
more than one day, if necessary, to give to stock price some time to
move or to capture additional momentum in the stock’s price. Swing
traders will generally hold on to their stock positions anywhere from a
few hours to several days.
Swing trading has the capability of providing higher returns than day
trading. However, unlike day traders who liquidate their positions at the
end of each day, swing traders assume overnight risk. There are some
significant risks in carrying positions overnight. For example news
events and earnings warnings announced after the closing bell can
result in large, unexpected and possibly adverse changes to a stock's
price
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Position Trading
A successful long term trading mindset requires, above all, patience and
perseverance. These are more difficult attributes to develop in the
average trader. Too often the average short-term trader succumbs to
the markets lure and develops a frantic, get-it-now mindset believing
every price blip represents a trading opportunity. As this attitude is
fanned by the media and brokerage industry, more and more long term
traders have become aggressive swing traders and swing traders
become rabid day traders - more often than not with disastrous
consequences.
Long term trading results in less trades with fewer mistakes and lower
commission and slippage costs because overtrading is one of the biggest
sources of losses facing both new and established traders. Why is this
so? Obviously, more trades mean more commissions and more slippage.
Few short-term traders realize, however, that their total commission
and slippage costs in any year often exceed their total losses for the
year. In other words, many losing short-term traders would have
actually made money on an annual basis had they not incurred the
exorbitant commission and slippage costs of trading throughout the
year. Fewer trades mean fewer mistakes.
Long term trading unlike short term requires dramatically reduced time
for analysis and trading. If you are trading using weekly data, only one
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Final Year Project's is One place for all Engineering Projects, Presentation, seminar,
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Final Year Project's is One place for all Engineering Projects, Presentation, seminar,
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NOTE:-This work is copyright to its Authors. This is only for Educational Purpose.
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NOTE:-This work is copyright to its Authors. This is only for Educational Purpose.
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Final Year Project's is One place for all Engineering Projects, Presentation, seminar,
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NOTE:-This work is copyright to its Authors. This is only for Educational Purpose.
The Indian stock markets are both shallow and narrow and the
movement of stocks depends on limited number of stocks. As FIIs
purchases and sells these stocks there is a high degree of volatility in
the stock markets. If any set of development encourages outflow of
capital that will increase the vulnerability of the situation. The high
degree of volatility can be attributed to the following reasons:
The change in the name of Asia's oldest stock exchange, from the Stock
Exchange, Mumbai to the Bombay Stock Exchange Ltd., (BSE Ltd.) is of
more than cosmetic significance. Along with the change in name comes
a new perspective, one brought about by a comprehensive change in its
ownership and management. Until now, the BSE like most other
exchanges in India was owned and managed by brokers, who also had
the sole right to trade in the exchanges. Conflicts of interest were bound
to arise in such situations. Until the advent of the National Stock
Exchange in 1994, the BSE was India's pre-eminent exchange,
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CONCLUSION
The stock markets of the future will have a redefined pupose and
reinvented architecture due to the advent and widespread use of
technology. Information and stock price quotations are available
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Final Year Project's is One place for all Engineering Projects, Presentation, seminar,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
The information provided in this project have been taken from the
following sources:
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WEBSITES
• www.indiainfoline.com
• www.countercurrents.org
• www.icfai.org
• www.bseindia.com
• www.moneycontrol.com
• www.indlaw.com
• www.sebi.gov.in
• www.bombayfirst.org
BOOKS
• Fundamentals Of Financial Management
–PRASANNA CHANDRA
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