I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C.

DEPARTMENT)

SSASIT

HYDRO-MAGNETIC POWER PLANT

ENERGY SYSTEMS

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

HYDRO-MAGNETIC

POWER PLANT.

CONTENTS:-

03" BLOCK DIAGRAM&IT'S COMPONANTS.
03" WORKING PRINCIPAL OF MHD GENERATOR.
03" POWER GENERATION BY MHD GENERATOR.
03" CLASSIFICATION OF MHD GENERATOR.
03" VARIOUS TYPESTO MHD POWER PLANT.
03" ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES.
03" CONCLUSION.
03" REFERANCE. HYDRO-MAGNETIC POWER PLANT ENERGY SYSTEMS

SANKDASARIY A SHAILESH B. ENRL NO-090760 111025

SSASIT (E.C. DEPARTMENT)

HYDRO-MAGNETIC POWER PLANT

ENERGY SYSTEMS

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

HYDRO-MAGNETIC POWER PLANT

~AIM:-TO STUDY ABOUT HYDRO-MAGNETIC POWER PLANT.

Magnetohydrodynamic power generation provides a way of generating electricity directly from a fast moving stream of ionised gases without the need for any moving mechanical parts - no turbines and no rotary generators. Several MHD projects were initiated in the 1960s but overcoming the technical challenges of making a practical system proved very expensive. Interest consequently waned in favour of nuclear power which since that time has seemed a more attractive option.

~BLOCK DIAGRAM:-

E_*a~s~ DC

Ga~es, P~~r

Air

Heat Air

Exchanger

: :~ .. : .,' .-. . :.' :

----

~The schematic arrangement of a megnetohydrodynamic power plant is shown in figure.The main componantsof plants are given below:-

(i) COMBUSTION CHAMBER (ii) MHD-GENERATOR

(iii) HEAT EXCHANGER

(iv) COMPRESSOR

SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)

HYDRO-MAGNETIC POWER PLANT

ENERGY SYSTEMS

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

~WORKING PRINCIPAL OF MHD GENERATOR :-

~The MHD generator can be considered to be a fluid dynamo. This is similar to a mechanical dynamo in which the motion of a metal conductor through a magnetic field creates a current in the conductor except that in the MHD generator the metal conductor is replaced by a conducting gas plasma.

~When a conductor moves through a magnetic field it creates an electrical field perpendicular to the magnetic field and the direction of movement of the conductor. This is the principle, discovered by Michael Faraday, behind the conventional rotary electricity generator. Dutch physicist Antoon Lorentz provided the mathematical theory to quantify its effects.

EM r - lind I.lIc~dl VQltasn~ (IE~ectric CUiITFe1m:)

~The flow (motion) of the conducting plasma through a magnetic field causes a voltage to be generated (and an associated current to flow) across the plasma, perpendicular to both the plasma flow and the magnetic field according to Fleming's Right Hand Rule.

~Lorentz Law describing the effects of a charged particle moving in a constant magnetic field can be stated as

F =QvB

where

F is the force acting on the charged particle Q is charge of particle

v is velocity of pa rticle

B is magnetic field

SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)

HYDRO-MAGNETIC POWER PLANT

ENERGY SYSTEMS

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

~POWER GENERATION BY MHD GENERATOR :-

CONTINUOUS ELECT!RODE

II

(XPAt.lDlNC DUCT

DIRECTION OF APPLI[[l IMAGN[lIC FIELID

~The principle of MHD generation is simple, discovered by faraday when an electric conductor moves across a magnetic field, aemf. Is induced in it, which produced an electric current. This is the principle of the conventional generator also, where the conductors consists of copper strips.

~ In MHD generator the solid conductors are replaced by a gaseous conductor; i.e. an ionized gas. If such gas is passed at high velocity through a powerful magnetic field, i.e. suppose we have a charged particle (having charge q) moving at a high velocity 'V' towards right and a perpendicular magnetic field is applied.

~A magnetic force 'F' acts on the charged particle. Show in fig. A Positively charged particles as forced upward and negatively charged particle is forced downward.

~The positive ions would be accelerated towards the upper plate P, and negative ions would be accelerated towards the plate P2 . If the Pi and P2 are externally connected through a resistance, a current would flow through the resistance.

~Thus gas energy directly converted into electrical energy. This is the principle of MHD generator. A MHD conversion is known as direct energy conversion because it produced electricity directly from heat source without the necessity of the additional stage of steam generation as in a steam power plant.

~CLASSIFICATION OF MHD GENERATOR:-

(A)Faraday generator

(8) Hall generator

SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)

HYDRO-MAGNETIC POWER PLANT

ENERGY SYSTEMS

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

(A) FARADAY GENERATOR:-

Segmented Faraday generator

/isolated loads

A

Fatclda~ and Hall electric fields in this plane

'~"'I

...... ...- ,..._ __ -."

,. >fJ'" _." .....

e 1 ectromot i ve force and

load currents

+

side

~It Consist of a wedge shaped tube of some non-conductive material, through which the fluid flows.

~Emf is induced according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

~There is a major wastage of power due to Hall effect current. Hence, it is inefficient. (B) HALL GENERATOR:-

B Hall generator Farada!d

electromotive force and current in gas

t field

"wi ndow-frame" construct ion

hot gas flow

~Uses Hall effect to create current that flows in the fluid.

~An array of short, vertical electrodes are placed on the sides of the duct. Short circuit Faraday currents are formed due to which a Hall emf is induced. More efficient.

~TYPES OF MHD POWER PLANTS:-

SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)

HYDRO-MAGNETIC POWER PLANT

ENERGY SYSTEMS

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

There are two types of MHD System 1.) Open cycle System

2.) Closed cycle System

l)OPEN CYCLE SYSTEM:-

ELECTRODE

MACNET <,

SEED REC(WEFf'f

HOT AIR

2)CLOSE CYCLE SYSTEM:-

REMOVAL OF N2~ S

II""R

I PFi':I-l-E.AT£R I

C[]MWSTIDN PR[]I:UC'

3 PHI$E oilIe

C[]NIllENS[R

COMBUSTOR

ST[AH

« ARGON

I CI]MPRE:SSDR

~--------------~~]lH ~~~------------~

I JNTERCDOl_EAR(i[I/II

SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)

HYDRO-MAGNETIC POWER PLANT

ENERGY SYSTEMS

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

~ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF HYDRO-MAGNETICPOWER PLANTS:~ADVANTAGES:

~Low overall cost.

~More reliable since no moving parts. ~Reduced fuel consumption. ~Reduced thermal pollution.

~Improved conservation of natural resources. ~High efficiency.

~DISADVANTAGES:

~Numerous technological advancements required prior to its commercialisation. =eRequtres highly corrosive and abrasive environment.

~MHD channel operates under extreme conditions of temperature.

~CONCLUSION:-

~Conventional generators are basically electro- mechanical converters where as MHD generator is a heat engine.

~Works on the principle of Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic induction. ~It uses an electrical conducting fluid.

~High efficiencies up to 60% can be attained.

~REFERANCE :-

~WWW.SEMINARPROJECTS.COM ~WWW.SCRIBD.COM ~WWW.EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG

SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)