Survey of European
Experience with
High Pressure
Boiler Operation
Burning Wastes and Fuel
Abstract
A number of large incinerators in European municipal
service have stoker-fired water-walled furnaces and
boilers for power generation. The paper discusses the
principles, stoker design,burning rates, boiler design
and high efficiency dust collection. Data on nine
European and two Brazilian plants of European design
are given.
Water-walled furnaces allow the use of low excess air,
which reduces the volume of flue gas to be cleaned.
Introduction
In previous years the burning of refuse and waste was
carried out in all-refractory furnaces with little or no
heat-recovery equipment. Large quantities of excess air
were required to cool the waste gas to a temperature
which could be handled by dust collectors and induced­
draft fans ..
A recent survey of European practice indicates that
the all-refractory furnace is becoming obsolete and is be­
ing replaced with a water-cooled furnace, convector and
economizer. Since air is no longer required to cool the
waste gases, only sufficient excess air is admitted to
produce complete combustion of the refuse. The volume
of the waste gases for this type of incinerator is only one
fifth of that required by the all-refractory furnace with ef­
ficient dust collectors.
144
I
GEORG STABENOW I
I
The International Boiler Works Co.
I
East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania
I
I
I
I
The design problems involved to obtain good combus­
tion, heat absorption, and long life of the installation are
described in this paper.
Design Trends In Modern European Incinerators
During the past 10 years a complete change has taken
1
place in European incinerator design practice. Five im..
j
portant factors which created the demand for design im­
provement are:
1. The rapid rise in the quantity of refuse collected,
2. The lack of suitable land areas for sanitary dis­
posal of refuse,
3. The high maintenance cost of refractory furnaces,
4. The reduced availability of the refractory instal­
lations due to high frequency of repair,
5. T�e increasingly strict air·pollution control require..
ments �et forth by the various authorities.
A thorough analysis of these factors has resulted in
various design studies being made to arrive at the most
economical incinerator plant. It was recognized that
design criteria had to be established to meet the evel"
'increasing demand for air, soil and water-pollution con­
trol. The following limitations were demanded:
a. Reduction in dust emission from chimneys to 0.21
lb per 1000 Ib at 50 pcr cent excess air.
h. Maximum reduction in noxious gas emission.
Standards have not been established, but plans are be­
ing prepared.
• I.

FIG. t BOILER WITH MULTIPLE TRAVELING GRATE STOKER

c. Ashes,clinkers and all nonburnables must be e. The combustibles in the cinders and ashes should

thoroughly subjected to a temperature of at least 1500 F
lor complete stcrilization before being discharged from
die unit.
d. The putrcscihle matter in the cinders and ashes
-hould not exceed 0.1 per cent by weight of residue.
be limited to 2.5 per cent by weight of combustible matter
f. The water consumption for ash and clinker cooling
should be limited to 15.0 gallons per minute per 100 tons
per day burned.
g. The water consumption for gas cooling should be

145
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FIG. 2 BOILER WITH "DUESSELDORF" OR BARREL TYPE STOKER

eliminated jf possible, due to the ever..increasing to a minimum to prevent corrosion and chimney dcteriora..
restrictions in water supply. tion,as well as to eliminate the unsightly steam plume
h. The moisture in the stack gases should be reduced emanating from the chimney top.

146

FIG. 3 BOILER WITH ·VON ROLL" STOKER
The Grafe Design
With ,these mandatory requirements it becomes clear
that a 97.5 per cent burnout of the combustible matter re­
t quires a stoker grate which will continuously turn and
agitate the refuse on its way through the furnace until:
1. All moisture has been evaporated,
2. All volatiles have been gasified,
• 3. All burnable solids have been thoroughly heated to
the proper ignition temperature,
4. All nonburnable matter has been heated to at least
1500 F for complete destruction of putrescibility p�tential.
To accomplish close to 100 per cent combustion ef­
ficiency on the grate it is obvious that the use of ordinary
con) ..burning grates, to burn a heterogeneous fuel such as
nlunicipal refuse, is out of the question.
147
��-----�,
A single traveling grate is unsatisfactory for this pur­
pose. Refuse, which is laid down on the grate at the
feed-chute end, will remain practically undisturbed over
the entire length of the grate and will burn from the top
only. The refuse layer closest to the grate, which re­
mains cooled by the undergrate air, will often be dis­
charged into the ash pit while still in a wet condition.
Approximately 30 to 50 per cent of the combustible
material may be discharged unburned.
In order to overcome the large loss of combustible mat...
ter, several traveling grates installed in line were used in
later installations. The drop-off, with its tumbling e£fect
at the overlapping points of the grates, has greatly im­
proved refuse burn-out. The latest development in this
direction has been a stoker with 4 and 5 individual travel­
ing grates in line, as shown in Fig. 1.
 FIG. 4 BOILER WITH RECIPROCATING STOKER

To cdunteract the high cost of multiple traveling
grates, the barrel-type grate (Fig. 2) was developed hy
the City of Duesseldorf. E ach harrel in itself actually
represents a minimum length of a traveling grate with a
resulting maximum number of tumbling zoncs. Also, the
height of the refuse drop is reduced hy eliminating the
overlapping of the grates. A n improved refuse turnover
with less fuel-hed disturbance results in hetter aeration
and n more thorough combustion.
In parallel with this development, the reciprocating
(von Roll) grate with three or more stepped-off sections •
has been applied successfully. Examples arc shown in
Figs. 3 and 4. The intermittent forward motion of the
grate bars with the drop-off at each section causes suf­
ficient agitation of the refuse layers to avoid stratificn..
tion of refuse layers and to result in a good burn-out.
Another stoker design in this field is the so-called
Martin H reverse-ncting" grate, which, in conlras t to the

148
•
FIG. 5 BOILER WITH "MARTIN" OR REVERSE ACTING GRATE STOKER
(orwnrd,motion of the reciprocating grate, has a greater
inclinn�ion with a reverse or counterflow motion of the
sr.te bars. This motion tends to pull the fire down
•
under the bottom refuse layer Rnd a very good burn-out is
ohta ined in a relatively short grate length ,,-lith a minimum
of refuse bed disturbance. Installations are shown in
FiE\". 5 and 6.
The stoker designers have also paid considerable
nttcntion to the automation of the refuse..burning process,
siftings removal, and ash/clinker removal to reducc. or
filiminntc, manual operations wherever possible.
149
Con'rol of Air Flow Ra'e.
The furnace and stoker improvements have resulted in
a considerable increase in the £lame temperature, which
can cause heavy slag deposits with resultant damage to
the refractory walls. The only way to control the flame
temperature and slogging problem is to admit high excess
air quantities or to water cool the walls. The effect of
excess air in reducing the gas temperature in an all..
refractory system is shown in Fig. 7.
In order to cool the combustion gases in an nil
(
FIG. 6 THE COMBUSTION PROCESS ON INCINERATOR GRATES
A. Devolot ilizotlon zone
B. Full Ignition 01 solids
C. B urning zone
D. Fur nace space for mixing
refractory furnace down to 600 F an excess air rate o f
550 per cent would be required. This i s 4� times as
much air as required for proper combustion at 50 per cent
excess air in a water-walled boiler furnace. This cooling
air may be introduced beyond the primary combustion
chamber as secondary or tertiary air.
The excess air rates that determine the temperatures
of the combustion gases (See Fig. 7) can easil)' be cal­
culated from the CO2 and O2 contents of the Inmace exit
gas. The relationship between CO2 and excess air for a
typical refuse composition is presented sraphicallr in
Fig. 8.;
The gas volume can he reduced materially if the air
cooling in a refractory-lined furnace is limited to maintain
a 1800 F furnace exit temperature. Water spray in a
separate cooling chamber can be used to bring the gas
temperature down to 600 F. In this case the excess air
rates are reduced from 550 per cent down to 150 per cent;
however, large quantities of water are required. The
150
E. Stoker wind boxes
F . Overflre air manifolds
G. D r ying and preheating zone
vapor fonned from the water sprays will definitely cause
corrosion in the flues, electrostatic precipitator and J.D.
fan, with attendant problems in maintenance and repairs.
A further complication is the disposal of the excess spray
water, which is contaminated with fly ash and is slightl)'
acidic.
The latest air pollution control specifications which
limit the dust emission from the chimney to 0.21 Ih per
1000 Ih of gas at 50 per cent excess air make the use of
electrostatic precipitators with a collection efficiency of
99 per ce�t mandatory.
It is obvious, that the greater the amount of excess
air, the more difficult it becomes for the electrostatic
precipitator to remOve the smallest dust particle.
Electrostatic precipitators, as presently used in
Europe with municipal refuse incinerators, ore usually
designed for a gas velocit), of 3.0 to 3.5 feet per second
at a gas temperature not exceeding 600 F.
An electrostatic precipitator requires a four times
 600 As a result, the boiler is not primarily a steam
C
generator, but rather, the most efficient means to cool
the furnace gases, and to prolong the life of the furnace.
•
500
The steam generated, whetller used for power, process,
desalinization or district heating, has a definite revenue
400
\
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potential. The main purpose of this paper is to describe
�
the various boiler designs which have been developed for
�
•
300
<t \ refuse incinerators.

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200
w
u \ Appllcafion of Wasfe-Heaf Boilers

w
'\ The e arly types of boilers applied to incineration were

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usually the convection section of a two ..drum design and
100 installed at the end of the conventional refractory furnace
�A (See Fig. 9). The only radiant heat absorbing surfaces of

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500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 tion, which had to take the brunt of the heat. Such tubes

GAS TEMPERATURE of (ABOVE AMBIENT)
FIG. 7 CHART SHOWING GAS TEMPERATURE VERSUS EXCESS
AIR RATES FOR MUNICIPAL REFUSE
A:::: Gas temperature ( o r 50 per cent air= 2400 F
were subject to erosion and slagging at elevated tem­
peratures. The furnace side walls and the roof required
considerable amounts of cooling air to prevent premature
deterioration of the refractory. Excess air rates of 150 to

•
B = Excess air for furnace
Exit temperature = 1800 F= 110%
C= Excess air for gas temperature
At dust collector = 550%
larger cross section for an air-cooled furnace in com­
pnrison with an incinerator hoiler; this not only makes
the precipitator morc expensive, but it also takes up
valuable space.
The Boiler
Presently the application of watcI"'cooled furnace
\'ffllls with convectors and economizers for incinerato.r gas
(ooling is becoming a common practice in Europe, and
""cd on Ihe outstanding resuits, this method should also
200 per cent were necessary to keep the furnace tempera­
ture below the slagging point of 1800 F (See Fig. 7). The
boiler performance at such excess air rates and low inlet
gas temperature was relatively poor, and the ratio of steam
produced per pound of refuse was small.
The combustion process on an incinerator grate is
sho'o'm in Fig. 6. The incoming moist refuse is drie d in
the first section, then all the volatile matter is driven off,
and finally the full ignition temperature of the combustible
solids is reached in the burning zone.
The flame pattern in wide open furnaces of this type
12.0
1
REFUSE COMPOSITION
MOISTURE:

\
25%
bo· advocated here.
DRY BURNABLES 55%
A boiler and stoker, properly designed and coordinated, 10.0 NON COMBUSTIBLES 20% �
con reduce the gas quantity by holding the excess air rate GROSS HEATING VALUE 5000

'\
In
,Iown to as low as 30 per cent. The resulting combustion W
I<mpernture (See Fig. 7) is in the order of 2500 F. This � 8.0
temperat ure is considerably higher than that permitted i n
;l rcrmct ory furnace and results, naturally, in a good burn-
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0)<11 of nil refuse.
The hent absorption by the water-walled furnaces, the
In
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((JR\'Cclor section, and the economizer cause a gas tem...
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f"'rnlure reduction from 2500 F to 450 F, before the gases o
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-enter the electrostatic precipitator for r moval of the
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rutticui(1lC mntter within the prescribed limits. The gas
{9nlains only the moisture introduced with the raw ref­
lue, \vhich, being in a superheated vapor state, does not
100 200 300 400 500 600

..
(ilUAC corrosion. Recognition of these facts has led to
PERCENT EXCESS AIR
t�1) devolopment of various boiler types, which, when corn
b-inc(l with the latest stoker designs, have contributed FIG. 8 CHART SHOWING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CO, IN
STACK GASES AND EXCESS AIRRATES FOR MUNICIPAL
P-tlRlly'lo the incinerator improvements in Europe today. REFUSE

151
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FIG. 9 WASTE HEAT BOILER WITHOUT FURNACE COOLING SURFACES
varies with the heating value and as well as the moisture
content of the incoming refuse. Wet refuse ignitesmuch
farther into the furnace than does dry refuse. Air zone
control must be regulated manually by frequent observa­
tion, to supply the proper amount of air to the preheating,
ignition and burning zones.
It is interesting to note that most of the recently
installed furnaces are designed to let the flame sweep
forward under an overhanging arch and over the incoming
refuse in order to utilize its radiant heat for drying and
preheating. In most cases, the suspend,ed arch consists
of tube.s which are refractory-clad to prevent tube damage
due to,'excessive heat rutes (See Figs. 1,2 and 5).
The furnace-side water-wall tubes, which are frequent­
ly of the tangent-membrane wall construction, are brought
down to the grate level for two reasons: first, to eliminate
the clinkering problem at the grate sides, and second, to
reduce .the costly refractory repair and replacement in the
side areas directly above the grates. An example is
shown in Fig. 10.
152
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To avoid external tube corrosion in the furnace area
the tube-wall temperatures must be kept well above the
dewpoint of the products of combustion (300 F) and also
below the reaction temperature (above 800 F) of chlorides
resulting from the combustion of PVC plastics. It is
recommended that the boilers he operated at a steam pres­
sure hetween 200 to 500 psig to stay within the limits of
300 to 800 F.
Several new installations have boilers which operate
at pressures up to '3000 psig. Fig. 11 shows an example,
a Benson boiler. Very- insignificant corrosion effects
have been observed to date.
•
The Primary Furnace
It will be noted in the accompanying illustrations
(Figs. I, 2,3,5 and 12) that most furnaces show a
relatively narrow furnace throat opening above the point
of· refuse entry. The upsweeping flame rises into the
vertical portion of the furnace, which has sufficient height
---
FIG. 10 PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING SIDEWALL TUBES EXTENDED TO GRATE LEVEL
to allow for complete combustion. When observed in this
area the flame shows a considerable amount of charred
paper and other particles being swept upward. The high
furnace configuration holds most of these p articles in the
flame path for complete combustion before the gas enters
the secondary down-flow chamber.
The Secone/ary FUll1ace
Referring to Figs. 1,3,5 or 10,normally the area
behind the bridgewall is filled with incandescent radiant
gases -at a temperature of 1400 to 1600 F. Only under un­
• usual conditions when highly volatile fuels are burned, OF
when the furnace is being overloaded,can the flame be
observed in the area.
S�reen tubes should be avoided at the top of the bridge­ tion,and' also to prevent excessive gas velocities,which
•
wall ,between the t\\'o furnace chamber's (Fig. 5) to avoid
slag deposits and tube erosion.
The Furnace Cross Section
The length-to-width ratio of the grate area should be
kept as low as practicable,and the loading per foot of
153
grate width should be limited similar to the recom­
mendations for coal firing by the American Stoker Manu­
facturers Association "Criteria for Stoker Appli�ation" of
October 29th, 1962. A diagram based on past experience
with incinerator widths and loadings has been developed
and is shown as Fig. 13. The graph of maximum heat in­
puts is .based on European practice, in whlch the stokers
have a ratio of grate length to width less than in U.S.
practice. The points plotted represent European plants
numbered the same and given in the Appendix. As the
ratings increase with stoker width, the advantage of a
wider stoker is apparent.
The Furnace Heat Release Rate
To obtain a good burnout in the primary furnace sec"
tend to carry dust and fly-ashes into the secondary fur­
nace,the primary furnace heat release rate should be
lim ited to a maximum of 15,000 Btu/ft' hr.
Design of the Convector Section
After the gases leave the secondary furnace and
reverse themselves over the first siftings hoppert where
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FIG. 11 BENSON TYPE BOILER FOR CRITICAL PRESSURE OPERATION WITH REFUSE INCINERATION

154

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FIG. 12 BOILER FOR BURNING O F INDUSTRIAL WASTE. (STEINMUELLER)

155
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5 10 15 20 25 30
STOKER WIDTH - FEET

BASIS:- CRITERIA FOR STOKER AP P LICATIONS (OCT. 29,1962)

REVISED FOR B URNING OF MUNICIPAL REFUSE
FIG. 13 RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM HEAT INPUT LIMITS FOR OVERFEED STOKERS IN BTU PER
HOUR PE R FOOT OF STOKER WIDTH

approximately 50 per cent of the heavier fly-ash particles
are dropped out, they enter the oonvector section through
a hank of screen tubes,in which the gas velocity should
not exceed 30 ItIsec.
At this point the tube spacing is of vital importance.
The clear space between the tubes should be sufficiently
large to prevent bridging of the tubes by ash deposits,
which are difficult to remove by soot blowing and steam
lancing. Staggered tube arrangements are not desirable
as they make it difficult to clean the surfaces by either
soot blower or by lancing. All bames should be arranged
'Vertically to eliminate fly-ash shelves.
The Economizer
On leaving the convector section, the gas temperature
has been reduced to about 1000 F. The fly-ash has now
lost its tendency to stick, and therefore the succeeding
tube rows can be more closely spaced. The economizer
s�ction is usually designed for downllow of the gas
which makes it well suited for the application of a shot
cleaning system.
Shot Cleaning
Shot cleaning is widely used on large coal-fired
boilers in this country and also for incinerator cleaning
in Europe.
For a brier explanation,the shot cleaning method uses
,,-
small chilled iron pellets, approximately 0/" in. in
diameter, which are blown to the top of the boiler into a
distributing header by means of a high velocity air
stream. The distributer releases the shot to 4 or 6 spray
heads from which the shot bounces all over the upper row
of economizer tubes and descends through the tubular
sections by bouncing from tube to tube, whereby all dust
particles are knocked off. Fig. 5 illustrates an applica­
tion.
At the lower end the pellets fall into the shot collec­
tion hopper, where the gas velocity is kept sufficiently

156
 high to carry most of the remaining dust into the electro­ more space for'combustion.
static precipitator. The pellets, with a lowpercentage of The sulphur content in refuse is generally much lower
dust, are now led to an elutriator for final dust separation. than found in coal, gas or, oil fuels and therefore is not
· (
The shot is then released to the blower to be returned to a serious problem. With the very low excess air rates the
the boiler. This operation can be repeated as frequently formation of SO, is essentially nil.
as desired (3 to 6 times per hour or less depending on the There are only two potential areas of wear. The first
ash carry-over). Frequent cleaning keeps the tubes free area is at the cooling headers along the grate sides
•
from scale and rust deposits. Violent turbulence,such where ashes, clinkers and other materials could cause
as caused by the use of steam soof blowers during periods abrasion. The second area is at the entrance of the super­
of excessive loads on the boiler,should be avoided to heater tubes, screen tubes and convector tubes where the
prevent overloading the electrostatic precipitator. high velocity of the gases and suspended solids could
cause erosion of the tubes. The headers can be protected
The Boiler Drum Design by extra wall thickness, and the wear on superheater
tubes,screen and convector tubes is best prevented by
Due to the difficulty of predicting the heating value of
reducing the gas velocity at these points.
the incoming refuse, special precautions must be taken
With these facts in mind there is no reason why the
in drum design. The boile r must be capable of an ultimate
incinerator boiler should not outlast the ordinary boiler,
steaming rate well in excess of the maximum burning rate
and a boiler life rating of 20 years should be a conservati­
as the heating value may rise considerably above average
ve estimate.
values if a load of oily waste is suddenly dumped into the
furnace. The drpm must have sufficient cross sectional
Conclusion
• area and volume with properly designed separators to
keep the steam quality above 99)', per cent under all load The incineration of municipal refuse and industrial
conditions. Where superheaters are used the maxhnum wastes is no longer merely a matter of combustion followed
carry-over of dissolved solids in the steam should be by disposal of the residual ashes and clinkers. The
•
limited to 1.0 part per million. quantity of flue gases expelled from the chimneys, in
densely populated areas,must be reduced to a minimum.
Typ •• of Boil.r. Incineration methods used in the past, requiring huge
excess air volumes, contain much greater quantities of
The boilers used for cooling of the incinerators are
pollutants in their stack gases than presently found in
designed specifically for this purpose and are dimensioned
any of the latest combined incinerator-boiler plants in
to match the stoker size with the required furnace volume
Europe.
and tube spacing.
It is evident from estimates prepared for various com­
The steam requirements dictate the design pressure
plete incinerator plants that the cost for a complete in­
and temperature, size of economizer,and superheater
cinerator--boiler plant is not higher than the cost for an
arrangement. The boilers used are of the following types:
incinerator plant with a refractory furnace. With the lower
1. 2-drum natural circulation,
outages and longer life span, the advantages in both
2. Corner tube natural circulation,
price and performance favor the incinerator-boiler plant.
3. Forced recirculation,
If the additional advantage resulting from the sale of
4. Once-through for critical and super .. critical pressure
steam is ev�luated, it is easy to understand why the
ranges.
larger European municipalities are almost exclusively
The most modern boiler design practices have been
selecting the incinerator-boiler for their new installations.
applied in every respect to incinerators. Gas-tight con..
Also on this continent there will be a growing demand
struction with all-welded casings and tight locking access
• for incineration equipment of a more efficient type,to
and observation ports contribute greatly to keeping the
meet the ever increasing restrictions on air, water and
entire plant clean.
soil pollution. A high quality incinerator with a com­
Life o( the Boller
pletely water-cooled furnace and boiler should be the
•
right answer to this demand.
Boilers that are specifically designed to absorb the
heat from burning refuse are not subject to the same high
Acknowledgment
stresses and heat transfer rates as are commonly used i n
modern coal. gas o r oil..fired boilers. The furnace volume The author wishes to express his appreciation for the
and heat transfer surfaces are much more liberal because technical advice and valuable information obtained from:
of the heterogeneous nature of the fuel, which requires Dr. Ing. M. Andritsky, Stadtwerke, Munich, Germany;

157
 Mr. J. Def e che, Elcctricite de France T.I.R.U. Paris, May 1962, pp. 213�237; Oct. 1962, pp. 476-482; Aug.
1964, pp. 373-406; Aug. 1965, pp. 37 5-396.
France; Mr. Hoger Dorfmann, Ingenieur General, City of
Georg Stabenow, "European Practice in Refuse Burning,"
Paris, France; Mr. H. Ooasch, Oberbaurat, Borsigstrasse
( Proc. 1964 Natl'onallncineratoT ConI"� ASME, New York, 1964,
_ Incinerator Hamhurg, Germany; and Mr. Van def Kooj,
pp. 105-113.
Chief Engineer, Publi c Cleansing Dept. City of
Viggo Westergaard and James A. Fife, "Flue Gas Coo)"
Rotterdam, Holland. ing," Proc. 1964 NationallncineratoT Coni., ASME, New York,
References 1964, pp. 170-180.

All references pertain to the articles and illustrations on E. R. Kaiser, "Prospects lor Reducing Particulate Emis­
incinerator systems published in the issues of HBrennstoff­ sions from Large Incinerators," Paper 65-127, Air Poll.
Waerme-Kraft" : Control Assn., June 1965.

A P P ENDIX

MARTIN INCINERATORS

DESIGN DATA I

Total GRATE
Capacity/UnIts
Inst. Year No. of Plant Release
Location Heat Utillzotlon Area Width Length
No. Started Units tons/day Iblh, Capacity Rote
ft' ft ft
tons/day Ib/ft'.h,

Son Paulo 1961 2 165 13,750 330 Air Cooled 145 84 11.10 16.1
N orth

2 Zermatt 1964 1 44 3,660 44 Air Cooled 84 43 5.55 15.2

3 Munich I 1964 2 660 55,000 1320 Power 605 91 21.3 28.3
Generation
•
4 Rotterdam 1965 4 385 32,200 1540 Power Gen. 370 87 19.5 19.0
5 Paris 1965 4 450 37,600 1800 Power Gen. 510 74 20.7 24.7
i
6 I limattal 1965 2 62.5 5,200 125 Power Gen. 95 55 5.90 16.1 i,I
44,300 530 543 81 19.75 27.5 ·1'
7 1965 530
il
Stuttgart Power Gen.

8 1966 1060 88,500 1060 1017 87 35.4 28.7

il
Munich II Power Gen.

I
9 San Paulo 1966 2 165 13,750 330 Air Cooled 145 84 11.10 16.1
South

10 Hamhurg 1966 320 26,700 320 Power Gen. 335 80 12.5 26.7
11 Amsterdam 1967 4 500 41,700 2000 Power Gen. 543 77 21.3 25.0

158
1

II
 �� ���-���---- ------ ----

MARTIN INCINERATORS

DESIGN DATA II

Firing Hourly Grote·

Grate Gross
GRATE FIring Rote Input Release
Inst. Burning Heating
Plont Location Rote Iblll Blu/ft Rote
No. Rate Value
Length Widlh Area Iblh, Stoker Stoker Btu/sq
Ib/ft' .h, Blu/lb
It II ft Wldlh Wldlh ft.h,

San Poulo 16.1 11.1 178 13,750 78 1240 5000 6,200,000 390,000
•
North

2 Zermort 15.2 5.5 5 84 3,660 44 660 5000 3,300,000 220,000

3 Munich I 28.3 21.3 605 55,000 91 2580 5000 12,960,000 455,000
.. 4 Rotterdam 19.0 19.5 370 32,200 87 1650 5000 8,250,000 435,000
5 Paris 24.7 20.7 510 37,600 74 1820 5000 9,100,000 370,000
6 Limottol 16.1 5.9 95 5,200 55 880 5000 4,400,000 275,000
7 Stuttgort 27.5 19.8 543 44,300 82 2190 5000 10,950,000 410,000
8 Munich II 28.7 35.4 1017 88,500 87 2500 500 0 12,500,000 435,000
9 Son Paulo . 16.7 11.1 178 13,750 78 1240 5000 6,200,000 390,000
South

10 Homburg 26.7 12.5 335 26,700 80 2130 5000 10,650,000 400,000

11 Amsterdam 25.0 21.3 543 41,700 77 1960 5000 9,800,000 385,000

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