EMBRYOLOGY

Is the study
of human
development.
 GAMETOGENESIS
• Is the process of formation and development
of gametes.
• Gametes are highly specialized sex cells
in male---------Sperms.
in female---------Oocyte (ovum).
• Gamete contains half the number of
chromosomes present in any body cell
(Haploid Number of chromosomes).
 GAMETOGENESIS
• Normal somatic cell = 46 chromosomes
(diploid)
• Gamete = 23 chromosomes
(haploid)
• Male gamete (23) + female gamete
(23)-------- zygote (46)
• The reduction of chromosome number
occur during reduction division called
MEIOSIS
 CELL DIVISION
• MITOTIC DIVISION

1. Occurs in whole body

cells (somatic cell)
2. Each somatic cell
contain 46
chromosomes (diploid
number of
chromosomes).
2. Each cell------ 2 cells.
3. Daughter cells contain
diploid number of
chromosome (46).
4. Is for growth and repair.
 Cell division
MEIOTIC DIVISION
• Occurs in sex cells in
testis and ovary-----
(Spermatogonia) in
male & (Oogonia) in
female.
• 2. A permatogonia------
4 sperms.
• One oogonia--------
one oocyte.
• 3. Daughter cells
contain haploid number
(23) of chromosome.
• 4. Provide a constancy
of chromosomes from
generation to
generation.
 GAMETOGENESIS
I. SPERMATOGENESIS
(formation of sperm)
1. Begins at puberty till very
old age.
2. Occur at all time .
3. Spermatogonia (sex cell) is
present in testis in all ages.
4. Stages are:
• Spermatogonia (46)
• 1ry spermatocyte (46)
• 2ry spermatocytes (23)
• Spermatids (23)
• Sperms (23)
 GAMETOGENESIS
II. OOGENESIS (formation of the ovum)
1. 1st meiotic division begins at 3rd month prenatal
life---- arrested till puberty.
At birth NO OOGONIA exist in the ovary.
2. Division resumed at puberty ---till menopause.
Stop at menopause.
3. Stages are:
• Oogonia (46)
• Iry oocyte (46)
• 2ry oocyte (23)
• Mature oocyte (23)
Oogenesis
 GAMETOGENESIS
SPERMATOGENESIS
1. Begins at puberty till
very old age.
2. Occur at all time .
3. Spermatogonia is present
in testis in all ages.
4. Stages are:
• Spermatogonia (46)
• 1ry spermatocyte (46)
• 2ry spermatocytes (23)
• Spermatids (23)
• Sperms (23)
OOGENESIS
1. Begins at prenatal life----
arrested till puberty.
2. Stop at menopause.
3. At birth NO OOGONIA
exist in the ovary.
4. Stages are:
• Oogonia (46)
• Iry oocyte (46)
• 2ry oocyte (23)
• Mature oocyte (23)
Sperm
 Gametes
Oocyte (ovum) Sperm
• Massive cell. • Small, scanty
• Immotile. cytoplasm.
• One ovum is formed • Number in millions, all
each month from days, all time from
puberty till puberty till very old
menopause. age.
• Chromosome= 22 + x • Chromosome 2 types:
chromosome (23) 22+x chromosome(23)
22+y chromosome(23)
 QUIZ
• Normal complement of chromosome
in a sperm is ?
a) 22 autosomes + sex chromosome.
b) 23 autosomes + sex chromosome.
c) 22 autosomes.
d) 46 chromosomes.
e) 23 autosomes.