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Moving Beyond Point-to-Point • The age-old battle between doing it now versus
Integration doing it right
The challenge of system integration has plagued • The organization has always used point-to-point
organizations since the development of the first solutions and hasn’t thought about alternatives
computer-based applications many years ago. Over
• The IT staff is familiar with the existing systems
time, we have seen many “revolutionary new ways”
and can implement point-to-point integration
to improve system integration capabilities. Yet, for all
more quickly (by copying and modifying
of the progress that has been made in technology,
similar code, thus multiplying maintenance
many organizations remain surprisingly dependent
requirements)
on traditional methods to achieve “integration.” For
example, how many of the following “integration • The infrastructure and discipline necessary to
methods” are still part of your business processes? support more efficient, reliable, and re-usable
integration methods does not exist within
• Manual re-keying of information from a report the organization
into another system • The new technologies involved in these
different integration methods are unfamiliar to
• Hard-coded extract of information from System the IT staff
A to populate interface table of System B
The result of these point-to-point integration scenarios
• Hard-coded point-to-point interface/ is illustrated by Figure A:
inquiry from a legacy system to Oracle
E-Business Suite
SYSTEM SYSTEM
• Export of flat file to Microsoft Excel A B
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The ABCs of AIA
re-development and regression testing of the interfaces, Organizations that find themselves in this situation
as well as downstream impacts on other systems. Many often struggle with how to evolve. Is it even possible
organizations reach the point where replacing System to change this environment without a radical, high-risk,
A becomes too risky, complicated, and costly. The end big-bang system re-development effort? Wouldn’t it be
result is a non-agile, complex web of legacy systems that great if there was a comprehensive integration solution
perpetuates inflexible, outdated, and inefficient business that would support a low-risk evolution into an advanced
processes. Does this scenario sound familiar? service-oriented architecture?
Organizations that find themselves in this situation The goal of this paper is to help organizations understand
often struggle with how to evolve. Is it even possible how Oracle’s Application Integration Architecture (AIA)
to change this environment without a radical, high-risk, can provide this solution. The concepts of AIA are not
big-bang system re-development effort? Wouldn’t it be necessarily new, but the delivery of such a complete
great if there was a comprehensive integration solution architectural foundation is groundbreaking. Never before
that would support a low-risk evolution into an advanced have all of the components for success been available
service-oriented architecture? in one cohesive infrastructure. Prior to AIA, there has
always been something missing… the lack of some key
The goal of this paper is to help organizations understand component that was the Achilles heel to a successful
how Oracle’s Application Integration Architecture (AIA) implementation of the optimal integration strategy.
can provide this solution. The concepts of AIA are not
necessarily new, but the delivery of such a complete Through a clear, non-technical description of the
architectural foundation is groundbreaking. Never before various components of AIA, we hope to show how an
have all of the components for success been available organization can benefit significantly from what Oracle
in one cohesive infrastructure. Prior to AIA, there has AIA can offer. Rather than proposing a big-bang, high-
always been something missing… the lack of some key cost initiative, we will propose some simpler ways to start
component that was the Achilles heel to a successful on the journey… to walk before you run, and to leverage
implementation of the optimal integration strategy. what AIA provides to help you get there quickly.
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The ABCs of AIA
How do these demands impact system integration of regression testing in support of upstream and
requirements? downstream application changes
• Increased use of “best of breed” applications • reate an agile environment that can rapidly
C
to meet unique and complicated business adapt to changing business and regulatory
processes creates additional integration points requirements
• There is greater need for master data • Re-use integration components where possible
management • Adopt an integration strategy that can address
packaged software, custom legacy systems, as
The bottom line is that business complexity and well as third-party applications
competition is increasing at a time when there is
• Build a framework of re-usable features that
unprecedented demand on systems to be more agile
are common to all integrations such as security
and cost effective. Traditional integration strategies have and error handling
not proven capable of keeping up with these demands
• Incorporate a robust testing scenario capability
in the past, and they will fail more visibly in the future. At
to ensure high-quality deployments
the same time, organizations are under intense pressure
to reduce the business risks introduced by upgrading or • Take advantage of off-the-shelf, pre-built
replacing existing systems or adding new applications integrations where possible
due to acquisitions or other business needs.
Oracle’s Application Integration Architecture can be
used as the foundation of a strategy to address all of
In order to meet the demands of system integration in these goals.
the future, organizations must implement a strategy that
addresses the following objectives:
The best way to understand the benefits of AIA is to
start with a simple example of a typical point-to-point
• aximize re-use of business technology
M
integration, and build conceptually on that model.
components to minimize maintenance and
Traditional methods of integration can be simply
development costs
illustrated in Figure B, which depicts how a requesting
• upport the ability to use/swap-out applications
S application (e.g. a custom Order Management system)
to take advantage of “best-of-breed” with the might be integrated with a responding application (e.g.
least risk to the applications environment a Receivables system) to provide information about a
• Create an environment that minimizes the cost customer balance during an order approval process.
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The ABCs of AIA
The key to achieving a more robust, flexible, and One by-product of a loosely-coupled architecture is
scalable architecture is to move away from these a proliferation of objects to manage and the need to
tightly-coupled integrations to an architecture built on establish the technology and development standards
a “loosely-coupled” integration strategy. The evolution capable of tying everything together. To address these
away from this tightly-coupled approach starts with issues, the many objects and processes created need to
an architecture that establishes an application-neutral be managed within a repository that supports visibility
buffer zone between applications, and the utilization of across the architecture and supports efficient re-use
industry standard data layouts and business flows. Figure and extension of components. An automated testing
C depicts the first step in this evolution: framework is critical to ensuring that changes to any of
the objects within the repository can be tested adequately
Figure C
Application Neutral prior to deployment. Additionally, the integrations
Buffer Zone
need to operate on a flexible, application-independent
REQUESTING RESPONDING platform. A Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) fulfills
APPLICATION APPLICATION
that requirement. Figure E shows how these additional
functions support these needs.
Figure E
Application Neutral
Buffer Zone
In order for any application to interact with a set of Automated Testing Framework and Suite of Test Cases
Repository
industry standard data and process models, they have
Industry
Industry Standard
Standard
to use a common vocabulary. To maintain this loosely- Translator
Translator Data
Data Layouts
Layouts and
Business
and Translator
Translator
Business Flows
Flows
coupled architecture, the data definitions known by a
Service Oriented Architecture
requesting or responding system must be translated to
the standard definitions established by the architecture
framework. This translation is performed by application-
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The ABCs of AIA
The last components missing from this architecture we will progress through the same series of diagrams,
are integrated error-handling and security capabilities. explaining each AIA component in the process.
Figure F shows the entire architecture concept with all
components in place. A key foundational requirement to enabling a loosely-
Figure F
coupled architecture is the establishment of standard
Application Neutral
Buffer Zone data and process definitions that can be leveraged
REQUESTING RESPONDING
by all systems. One of the significant advantages of
APPLICATION APPLICATION
AIA is that it delivers this capability through pre-built
Enterprise Business Objects (EBO) and Enterprise
Error Error
Business Services (EBS) based on best-in-class cross-
Handling Automated Testing Framework and Suite of Test Cases Handling
& Security
Repository
& Security industry standards. These objects and services are
Industry
application independent and extensible. They provide
Industry Standard
Standard
Translator Data
Data Layouts
Layouts and Translator
the basis for the common vocabulary that will be
Translator Error Handling and Error Handling Translator
& Security Business & Security
Business Flows
Flows
to achieve in the past? The concepts really aren’t new… REQUESTING RESPONDING
it’s just that implementing them seemed like a daunting APPLICATION APPLICATION
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The ABCs of AIA
responding application will also be defined differently. Validation System (CAVS). This framework will allow
Thus, in order for a requesting application to communicate an organization to develop all or part of an end-to-
with a responding application, a translation to a common end test scenario and simulate input and output from
vocabulary must be performed. This common vocabulary all applications involved in the integration flow. The
is established by AIA through the Enterprise Business complete Applications Integration Architecture is
Objects. The translation from application-specific depicted in Figure I.
terminology to EBO standards is accomplished in AIA
Figure I
via Application Business Connector Services (ABCs). Application Neutral
Buffer Zone
REQUESTING RESPONDING
The use of ABCs is the key to achieving the loosely- APPLICATION APPLICATION
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The ABCs of AIA
• Set up testing scenarios using AIA CAVS. existing ones, thus keeping the risk of change
low. At the same time, the AIA BSR keeps a
• Capture inserted/changed customer account
clear record of all integration scenarios (and
data in EBS and send a message to the CRM
their components) and makes it easy to re-use
system via AIA.
ABCs in multiple scenarios where appropriate.
• Test and move into production. As a result, you avoid the development and
maintenance overhead of duplicated program
You may wonder, where was the value in that? The functionality.
process involved several steps and a learning curve; there
was most likely a simpler way to accomplish that specific • Swapping out applications to best-of-breed—
integration. Although this observation is true, the real Suppose your legacy CRM system is swapped
value of AIA comes in what happens next. Consider the out for a new best-of-breed CRM off-the-shelf
following scenarios your organization may face implementation. The EBS-side ABCs remain
the same, and only the CRM-side ABCs must
• Pushing master data to additional systems— be rewritten. The interface-first design (also
Perhaps customer data is also needed in other known as contract-first design) enforced by AIA
downstream systems such as a customer portal means that the re-writing of those ABCs will
or a special pricing analytics application. To keep be straightforward, and the CAVS testing suite
the data current in these systems, you already is in place to help uncover any issues prior to
have the integration half built. You only need production.
to write the downstream-system-side ABCs to
translate the customer data from the application- • Application upgrades—After creating customer
neutral EBO to the specific needs of each of the account integrations between EBS and five other
other systems. The initial AIA integration scenario systems, you upgrade your EBS implementation
has set the stage for creating similar scenarios to the latest version. With point-to-point
to push the customer master data to other integrations that upgrade probably would
places. Each of the downstream systems may have required you to review, update, test,
need a different subset of customer attributes. and implement five different sets of custom
As long as the EBS-side ABC translated the integration code. With AIA, only the one EBS-
superset of these attributes to the EBO, side ABC will be directly impacted. Although AIA
EBS-side ABC doesn’t need to be touched doesn’t eliminate the need for re-testing all five
as each new downstream system integration is integrations, the CAVS testing framework is an
added. asset in that testing, and the AIA-enforced design
reduces the likelihood of defects. Additionally,
• Growing your integration library the governance and visibility provided by the
incrementally—As you gain more experience AIA BSR gives you greater confidence that there
with the AIA infrastructure, you begin to add are, in fact, only the five known integrations and
additional integration scenarios between the not an additional forgotten integration that will
EBS and CRM systems integrations such as bi- surface as a production problem.
directional syncing of customer data maintenance
of shared data attributes, or available-to- • Process orchestrations—After some period of
promise inquiry, to name a few examples. These time, you begin to add more complex integrations
integrations can be added one at a time, and between the CRM system and EBS. For example,
since each component in an AIA integration you add by-directional syncing of customer data
scenario is a discreet artifact, you can easily add so that a customer can also be added from the
integration scenarios without needing to touch CRM side of the integration as a by-product of
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The ABCs of AIA
booking an order for a new customer. Or you In this example, we believe that business benefits
check inventory and perform a credit check will drive the decision. If the existing batch-oriented
before submitting an order. AIA allows you to interface meets all current and likely future business
create BPEL-based multi-step processes in the requirements (e.g., data latency, content, future system
application-neutral portion of the infrastructure. upgrade requirements), then we would not recommend
Putting these process orchestrations here making the AIA investment it at this time. However, if
rather than as application-side customizations the current batch method does not provide frequent
allows application upgrades to occur on enough updates to employee data in EBS, a real-time
either side of the integration with minimal re- update capability is valued, and/or there is an impending
coding to support these complex processes. Peoplesoft upgrade or re-implementation scheduled in
Only the ABCs associated with the upgraded the future, then investing the time and effort to initiate
application need to be reviewed and possibly re- the AIA architecture would be justified.
coded. The BSR will facilitate impact analysis to
locate all potentially-affected ABCs and the CAVS Even after the AIA architecture has been implemented
system will facilitate testing. at an organization, the decisions continue. Let’s consider
that same example of the simple interface between
As you can see, the real value of AIA comes in its ability Peoplesoft and the Oracle E-Business Suite with its
to allow your applications to evolve and remain agile need for minor interface modifications. What if AIA has
over time while providing the governance and tools already been implemented? Should you re-write the
to reduce both costs and risks associated with cross- interface to leverage an existing AIA implementation or
application integration. This value only increases as make the simple modification to the existing interface?
AIA becomes the enterprise-wide standard and the In this case the answer may be very different. Once the
multitude of point-to-point, tightly-coupled, possibly- AIA installation has been established, the incremental
undocumented, disparately-designed integrations within cost to move individual integrations to it will be small,
your organization are replaced with the governance, and, as we have seen, the real value of AIA comes
visibility, and flexibility provided by AIA integrations. after reaching a critical mass building an organization’s
integration library. So, while the temptation may be
A typical dilemma faced by organizations is when to invest to simply make the minor modification to the existing
in this architecture and when to just architect a simple interface, the better business decision will likely be
point-to-point integration using traditional methods. to re-write the interface to leverage the existing
This decision should be made based on many factors, AIA environment.
including practicality, budget, risk, and future integration
needs. For example, let’s consider a simple point-to-point Getting Started
batch-oriented flat file interface that exists today in an How can an organization start to take advantage of
organization between Peoplesoft HRMS and the Oracle AIA’s many benefits? Depending on your particular
E-Business Suite. In this example, the E-Business Suite is needs, Oracle has provided several options.
being re-implemented, and some minor modifications to The AIA Foundation Pack delivers all components
the interface will need to be completed. Is this the time necessary to take advantage of AIA and contains the
to make the AIA investment and re-write the interface to same tools that Oracle uses to deliver its pre-built
leverage AIA, or should the minor modifications just be integrations. Oracle has recently introduced some
made to the existing interface? additional industry-specific Foundation Packs (for
Insurance, Communications, and Utilities), but for
most organizations, the standard, cross-industry AIA
Foundation Pack is the place to start. It provides all of
the components reviewed in this paper, including:
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The ABCs of AIA
• Enterprise Business Objects E-Business Suite.” Starting with that PIP, the organization
would simply modify and/or extend the AIA components
• Enterprise Business Services
that were pre-built to interact with the Oracle CRM
• Business Service Repository application to work with the custom/non-Oracle CRM
• Composite Application Validation System system instead.
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The ABCs of AIA
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