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Boiler Efficiency
Care shall be taken to maintain the losses to practical minimum and as far as possible,
the original design values for input, such as C.V. of fuel, % excess Feed water
temperature etc., shall be maintained.
The following sources of loss from the boiler shall be taken
into account:
a. Heat leaving through flue gas going to stack,
b. unburnt fuel (specially liquid fuels),
c, heat contained in moisture formed by burning hydrogen and
d. radiation and convection losses etc.
The following two acceptable methods, as described in
ASME Codes shall be use to calculate the Boiler Efficiency:
Heat Losses
ηb = 100 - { [ ---------------------------------- ] × 100 }
(Heat in Fuel + Heat Credits )
The unit operating parameters shall be fixed for performance test, based on
guaranteed values (Steam Pressure & temperature, rate of blow down, Air to fuel
ratio, fuel heating value, % excess air, feed water temperature etc.). If there is an
unavoidable deviation, it shall be considered in the calculation.
With the assistance of Operations staff, E&S staff will
measure the following data needed for the Boiler efficiency (ηb)
calculations:
Laboratory shall provide the fuel heating (calorific) value & relative
density of fuel and the flue gas analysis (%by volume of CO2, CO, O2 and N2).
The steam-water specific enthalpies for the following shall
be obtained from standard ‘Steam Tables / Chart’:
a. Drum saturated liquid
b. Drum saturated steam
c. S/H Steam
d. Economizer feed water
Mass / Heat balance calculations for the Unit shall be made to
ensure all the values are OK and also their reproducibility shall be checked.
The input and output energies and efficiency shall be computed using
equation (1) above for Input –Output method, as indicated below (per Hour basis ):
a. Input Energy (Million BTU)
= [Mf ×35.3147 × C. V. ×10-6] + FD Fan power × 3.412
Where :
The calculated Boiler efficiency shall be compared with the acceptable / guaranteed
values, given in Page 11. In case of deviations, the same shall be discussed with
recommendations. These values shall be plotted over time to monitor the ‘Boiler
Performance’ with time.