Pengantar Teknologi Informasi

TEKNIK PRESENTASI

Santika WP
Departemen Teknik Informatika
Institut Teknologi Bandung

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IF1101 - TEKNIK PRESENTASI
 Hal Pokok
• Material, isi & alat bantu visual
[lorien.ncl.ac.uk/ming/Dept/Tips/present/present.html]

– Should be concise [ringkas].

– To the point.
– Tell an interesting story.
• Suara
– How you say it is as important as what you
say.
• Gerak tubuh (Body language)
– Your body movements express what your
attitudes [sikap] and thoughts really are.
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 Hal Pokok
• Penampilan (Appearance)
– First impressions [kesan] influence the
audience's attitudes to you. Dress
appropriately for the occasion.
• Hal essential
– Practice, both to improve your skills generally
and also to make the best of each individual
presentation you make.
– Enjoy yourself.
• Hal-hal yang harus dilakukan: persiapan awal,
pembuatan, penyampaian, alat bantu visual.
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 Persiapan
• Langkah-langkahnya
– Susun terstruktur carefully & logically,
seperti penyiapan laporan tertulis, apa
objectives & main points ?
– Sebagai langkah awal, buat daftar aspek-aspek
pada kedua hal tersebut.
– Tulus draft awal.
– Tinjau ulang & hapus setiap hal yang irrelevant
or superfluous.
– Jika ada hal-hal yang susah diekspresikan,
lewati bagian tersebut.
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 Persiapan
• Langkah-langkahnya
– Never read from a script, also unwise [tidak
bijak] to have the talk written out in detail
as a prompt sheet.
– Prepare cue cards [misal postcards] which
have key words and phrases (and possibly
sketches) on them [bubuhi nomor !].
– Rehearse [latih] your presentation - firstly to
yourself & then in front of some colleagues.
– How will you make effective use of your
visual aids?

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 Pelaksanaan
• Langkah-langkahnya
– Sampaikan salam pembukaan (misal
‘Bapak/Ibu yth. Selamat pagi …”).
– Kenalkan diri & instansi.
– Formula
• Sampaikan maksud presentasi.
• Then tell them,
• di akhir tell them what you have told them.
– Atur waktu, it's better to under-run than
over-run. Rule of thumb, allow 2‘ for each
general OHP transparency or P-point slide.
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 Pelaksanaan
• Langkah-langkahnya
– Bicaralah dengan jelas tidak perlu berteriak
atau memohon, be natural .
– Hindari candaan, pandang hadirin semua
dan amati audience's body language.
– Sediakan waktu untuk diskusi, 5 menit
untuk klarifikasi beberapa hal.
– Di akhir presentasi tanya apakah masih
ada pertanyaan.
– Jika belum ada pertanyaan, ulangi dan
tunggu, dan bila tidak ada tutup saja.
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 Alat Bantu Visual
• Alat yang dipakai ?
– OHP
– Slide 35mm
– Computer projection seperti infocus untuk
tayangan Powerpoint, Excel, ...
– Video, & film
– Real objects
– Flip ~ chart / blackboard - dapat sebagai
'scratch-pad'.
• Keep it simple, alat rumit dapat menganggu
presentasi.
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 Alat Bantu Visual
• Ingat
– Slides & OHPs sebaiknya berisi informasi
seminimum mungkin.
– Usahakan membatasi words per slide ≤ 10.
– Gunakan reasonable font size.
– Jika dapat membaca OHP dari jarak 2 m
tanpa projeksi, OK.
– Hindari memakai diagram yang disiapkan
untuk technical report.
– Gunakan warna tapi hindari kuning/orange.
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 Metoda WHPI
• Metode:
– 'Why?
– How?
– Prove It!’ [www.whyhowproveit.co.uk/]

• Dikembangkan oleh Graham Jones [British public

speaker & trainer in presentation skills], ensures you can
write a presentation:
– quickly
– that makes the material accessible to the
audience
– that is easy to remember.
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 Metoda WHPI
• Key message sebaiknya berisi:
– The main action or change in behaviour you want your
audience to take as a result of listening to you.
– Reference to the audience.
– Reference to an example that you'll elaborate on.
• Pokok-pokok key message
– WHO it is for ? [marketing managers]
– WHAT they will do ? [use the new software]
– WHY they will do it ? [to gain access to research]
– WHEN they will do it ? [in the next 30 minutes]
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 Metoda WHPI
• Akibat pesan kunci, reaksi pendengar
– 'Why should I do that?' atau
– 'Why should I think that?' atau
– 'Why should that be the case?'
• Many presenters prepare material that is only
logical if you already know the subject or the
information that is being presented.
• Research shows that audiences that have to
commit the least mental effort are the ones
most likely to accept the material they are
given.
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 Metoda WHPI
• How are they going to achieve what you suggest?
• ’How' is an important part of the presentation as it
necessarily follows the logical set of questions
being asked subconsciously [secara di bawah
sadar] by the audience.
• Prove what you have said is beyond dispute [‘betul’]
• You can prove your key message in several ways,
but the main evidence [bukti] will come from:
– Personal examples
– Case studies
– Statistics
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 Designing Presentation Visuals
www.plu.edu/libr/media/designing_visuals.html

• Think of Your Listeners

• Design to Help People Listen
– Organize
– Illustrate
– Repeat
• Visuals Should…
– Support your communication objective.
– Enhance your verbal message, not detract from it.
– Set tone and emotional content of verbal message
with the use of colors and images.
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 Designing Presentation Visuals
• Good Visuals Are…
– Visible - You have to be able to see it to believe it.
– Clear - Instantly recognizable in context to your verbal
message.
– Simple
• Ways of Adding Variety
– Combine both left and right brain sensory channels.
– Add color for emphasis, but beware of color connotations.
– Use movement with transparency pens, overlays, slide
dissolves, etc.
– Change backgrounds to change pace or introduce new topic.
– Change sequence of eye scanning (horizontal, vertical,
diagonal) with design.
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 Using Overhead Projectors
www.plu.edu/libr/media/using_overhead.html

• Advantages of Overhead Projectors

– Face to face contact with audience.
– Projector located in front of room and near speaker.
– Can be used to focus audience's attention.
– Effective in a fully-lighted room.
– Ability to modify transparencies during presentations.
– Sequence of material can be modified during presentation.
– Unframed transparencies easy to store and transport.
– Overlays can be used to simplify complex information into layers
– Short lead time (minutes) for preparation of transparencies
– Low cost of transparency material

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 Using Overhead Projectors
• Disadvantages of Overhead Projectors
– Continuous tone color transparencies are costly.
– Overhead projector is bulky and heavy to
transport
– Framed transparencies are bulky and difficult to
store
– Pages from books cannot be used effectively
without modification since text will usually be too
small for audience to read.
– Overhead projection is perceived as being "less
professional" than slides in a formal setting.
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 Using Overhead Projectors
• Presentation Techniques for Overhead Projectors
– Use ON - OFF switch to focus attention.
– “Chalkboarding”.
– Pointing for emphasis.
– Highlighting.
– Progressive disclosure with opaque cover.
– Overlays.
• Overhead Projection Survival Kit
– Extension Cord, Ungrounded Plug Adapter, Spare
Bulb, Transparency Pen, Acetate Film.

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