Midterm 2

Name________________________________________ Student ID ____________________Group Number____

Questions 1-42 are worth 1 point each

1. Which of the following statements concerning the First Law of Thermodynamics is true
A. Energy can be created during transformation
B. Energy can be destroyed.
C. Energy can be converted from one form into another.
D. All of the above

2. ATP hydrolysis results in the release of energy to fuel cellular functions. ATP hydrolysis is an
example of:
A. Endergonic Reactions
B. Exergonic Reactions
C. Chemoautotrophic Reactions
D. Anaerobic Reaction

3. Which of the following statements regarding Glycolysis is true:

A. Glucose is converted to a molecule called succinic acid.
B. The cell nets 4 ATP molecules
C. Produces two NADH2+ molecules.
D. All of the above

4. During which stage of the Cellular Respiration is the most ATP generated in the cell?
A. Glycolysis
B. Citric Acid Cycle
C. Electron Transport Chain
D. Fermentation

5. A Cyclist pedaling his bicycle is an example of what kind of energy

A. Kinetic Energy
B. Potential Energy
C. Stored energy
D. Cyclic Motion

6. In Cellular Respiration, the purpose of NADH and FADH 2

A. is to bring (shuttle) water to the electron transport chain
B. is to bring (shuttle) CO2 to the electron transport chain
C. is to bring (shuttle) electrons and H+ ions to the electron transport chain
D. is to bring (shuttle) ATP to the electron transport chain

7. Organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms belong to which of the following
groups:
A. Producers
B. Primary consumers
C. Secondary consumers
D. Decomposers
8. The main purpose of photosynthesis is to
A. Produce DNA and RNA
B. Produce Amino Acids
C. Convert light energy to chemical energy
D. Convert chemical energy into light energy

9. Cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation (z scheme) are used in plants to

A. Produce CO2, which is utilized in the Calvin Cycle
B. Produce ATP and NADPH2 which are then utilized in the Calvin Cycle
C. Produce only NADPH2, which is then utilized in the Light Reaction
D. Produce only ATP, which is then utilized in the Light Reaction

10. In the Calvin Cycle,

A. Light Energy is used to convert CO2 into sugar
B. Water is used to convert sugar into CO2
C. ATP and NADPH2 are used to convert CO2 into sugar
D. Light Energy is used to produce NADPH

11. Which of the following Photosynthetic pigments is identified as an accessory pigment

A. Rubisco
B. Chlorophyll A
C. Chlorophyll B
D. Chlorophyll D

12. Which of the following affect the rate of photosynthesis

A. Water
B. Temperature
C. Intensity of Light
D. All of the above

13. Which of the following is NOT an example of a threat to biodiversity

A. Habitat degradation
B. Invasive Alien Species
C. Population decline
D. Habitat fragmentation

14. Conservation biology involves which of the following disciplines:

A. Natural Sciences and Humanities
B. Natural Sciences and Social Sciences
C. Humanities only
D. Social Sciences only

15. The 3 Different Components of Biodiversity are

A. Ecological Diversity, Organismal Diversity, Genetic Diversity
B. Psychological Diversity, Organismal Diversity, Entropy
C. Physical Diversity, Species Diversity, Cell Metabolism
D. Geographical Diversity, Cell Metabolism, Chemical Diversity
16. Meiosis
A. Ensures new cells are identical to parent cells.
B. Triples the number of chromosome of species
C. Doubles the number of chromosome of species
D. Ensures new cells are different than their parent cells.

17. Which of the following phases is NOT a subphase of Interphase:

A. G1
B. Metaphase
C. G2
D. S phase

18. Identify the correct sequence for Mitosis:

A. Interphase-> Prophase-> Anaphase ->Telophase
B. Interphase-> Cytokinesis -> Prophase-> Telophase
C. Cytokinesis-> Anaphase -> Metaphase -> Interphase
D. Prophase-> Metaphase-> Anaphase -> Telophase

19. Identify the Mitotic phase in this picture

A. Cytokinesis
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Interphase

20. Identify the Mitotic phase in this picture

A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Interphase
21. Identify this phase in Meiosis

A. Interphase
B. Prophase
C. Metaphase II
D. Telophase II

22. In ________________, the paired chromosomes separate and begin moving to opposite
ends of the cell.
A. Interphase
B. Prophase
C. Metaphase
D. Anaphase

23. Identify the structure in this picture which begins the process of cleavage resulting in 2
daughter cells

A. Cleavage furrow
B. Nucleli
C. Nuclelous
D. Mitochondria

24. Uncontrolled Mitosis

A. occurs if the cell cycle is regulated-often resulting in cancer
B. results in crossing over.
C. occurs if the genes that regulate the cell cycle are mutated-often resulting in cancer
D. enables Independent Assortment.
25. In Meiosis, Crossing over occurs in which of the following phases
A. Mitosis-Prophase
B. Meiosis-Prophase I
C. Meiosis-Prophase II
D. All of the above

26. Independent Assortment occurs in which of the following phases

A. Mitosis-Metaphase
B. Meiosis- Metaphase I
C. Meiosis-Metaphase II
D. All of the above

27. Aneuploidy
A. is the condition of having abnormal number of spindle fibers
B. is the condition of having abnormal number of chromosomes
C. occurs when ATP is hydrolyzed
D. is an example of exergonic reaction

28. The three components of DNA are

A. Nucleotides, Phosphate, Sulfur
B. Nucleotides, Phosphates, Sugar
C. Nucleotides, Amino Acids, Sugar
D. Nucleotides, Purines, Rubisco

29. The double helical structure of DNA was determined by which of the following
Scientist(s)
A. Chargaff
B. Meselson and Stahl
C. Watson and Crick
D. Mendel

30. 25% of the bases in a sample of DNA extracted from a Eukaryotic cell is made up
Cytosine. What percentage of Adenine is present in this DNA?
A. 15%
B. 25%
C. 35%
D. 45%

31. DNA replication

A. Is semiconservative, therefore resulting in 1 parent strand and 1 daughter strand
B. Is conservative, therefore resulting in 2 parent strands
C. Is conservative, semiconservative, and dispersive depending on the medium used
D. Is semiconservative, therefore resulting in 2 parent strands
32. During the initiation phase of DNA replication, the enzyme responsible for separating
the two strands of DNA is
A. Primase
B. Helicase
C. DNA Polymerase
D. DNA Ligase

33. Which of the following is NOT a function of DNA Polymerase

A. Adding complementary base nucleotides
B. Elongating the DNA molecule
C. DNA Proofreading and Repair
D. Preventing premature annealing

34. The DNA replication enzyme Ligase binds DNA fragments together by the addition of
A. A Sugar group
B. Nucleotide bases
C. Phosphate group
D. Peptide bonds

35. What would happen to an E. coli cell if the ori site on its chromosome was deleted?
A. Nothing.
B. Replication would start but not continue
C. Replication could not start
D. The cell would divide uncontrollably

36. Which of the following statements about RNA polymerase is true

A. Synthesizes mRNA in the 3' to 5' direction
B. Synthesizes mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction
C. Requires a primer to synthesize RNA
D. Synthesizes DNA in the 3' to 5' direction

37. The central dogma of molecular biology states that

A. DNA is translated into mRNA, which is then transcribed into proteins
B. DNA is translated into proteins, which is then translated into mRNA
C. DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into proteins
D. mRNA is translated into DNA, which is then translated into proteins

38. If AGC TTC GAC CCG is the Wild type , then AGC TTC ACC CG is the result of
what kind of mutation?

A. Deletion
B. Insertion
C. Expansion
D. Point Mutation
 Chromosomes in
Metaphase
Question 39

39. The arrow labeled Question 39 is pointing to a ___________________, which is a

somehow related to the _____________of DNA Replication
A. Telomere, end
B. Telomere, beginning
C. Telomere, joining
D. Centromere, joining

40. Which of the following statements regarding RNA is true

A) It is single stranded
B) It has deoxyribose as its sugar
C) It uses Adenine bases instead of a Thymine
D) It uses Thymine bases instead of a Uracil

41. When a molecule gains an electron it becomes reduced

A. True
B. False

42. According to the second law of thermodynamics, energy is never conserved

A. True
B. False
Questions 43-46 are worth 3 points each

43. The pigment Chlorophyll a

A. Has an approximate absorbance maximum of 430 nm and 662 nm.
B. Absorbs the Yellow portions of the spectrum only
C. Reflects the Red-Yellow portion of the spectrum
D. All of the above

44. The pigment Carotenoid

A. Has an approximate absorbance maximum of 380 nm and 700 nm.
B. Absorbs the Blue and Green portions of the spectrum
C. Absorbs the Orange portion of the spectrum
D. Reflects the Blue and Green portion of the spectrum

45. After the DNA sequence 5’A T C G G T 3’ is transcribed what would its mRNA
sequence look like?
A. TAGCCA
B. UUGCCU
C. CCGUTT
D. UAGCCA
46. Translate the following RNA sequence: C C A U U U A C G into the corresponding
amino acid sequence

A. Glu-Glu-Cys
B. Glu-Gly-Cys
C. Pro-Phe-Thr
D. Ser-Tyr-Trp