Truss Work

c S

Usually the height of truss is recommended to be in the range (1/12-1/8), we chose truss height
1.9m which is about (1/10.8). And slope = 18.4% which is good for drainage.

1. Ônow loads: snow load was taken to be = 1.4 kn/m2.

2. Live loads: for roof truss= .75 kn/m2
3. Dead load: weight of truss is calculated by computer program,
£ ºeight of metal deck = 0.1 kn/m2 according to sheets manuals,
£ ºeight of finishing (fall ceiling, mechanical and electrical) = 0.25 kn/m2
£ Ñurlins self weight = 0.1 kn/m2
£ Sruss self weight is calculated by ÔAÑ program.
Dead load = 0.45 kn/m2
4. ºind loads: wind load was calculated according to British code.(details in )
Ñ

or internal joint DSributary area = 1.93 x 8.2 = 15.99 m2
or external joint DSributary area = 8 m2
D.L Int.j =.45x15.99 7.19 kn

xt.j=.45x8 3.6 kn
L.L Int.j =.75x15.99 11.99 kn
xt.j=.75x8 6 kn
Ô.L Int.j =1.4x15.99 22.4 kn
xt.j=1.4x8 11.2 kn
º.L ºy: Int.j = - -7.56 kn
.482x15.99xcos11.2 -3.77 kn
xt.j = -.482x8xcos11.2 ·1.5 kn
ºx: =·
.482x15.99xsin11.2

Î
Ñ

£ u

åaximum deflection should not exceed L/360 = 4.22 cm
rom ÔAÑ2000:
åaximum deflection = 2.25 cm < max O.K
S u uÎu Ñ

u u S Î
Ñ
KN
1 SÔ4X4X5/16 Column No åessages 0.195103 -32.226
2 SÔ2.5X2.5X3/16 Column No åessages 0.375563 51.349
3 SÔ2.5X2.5X3/16 Column No åessages 0.071025 -9.941
10 SÔ4X4X3/16 Beam No åessages 0.877974 382.755
18 SÔ4X4X5/16 Brace No åessages 0.185005 -17.521
S u uÎu Ñ

u u S Î
Ñ
KN
27 SÔ2.5X2.5X3/16 Brace No åessages 0.658291 -101.658
28 SÔ2.5X2.5X3/16 Brace No åessages 0.043506 16.315
32 SÔ2.5X2.5X3/16 Brace No åessages 0.658291 -101.658

c

Sake two elements;
£ S ! !"#$
Compression force= 474Kn=106 kips, fy=50 ksi, fu=65 ksi, L=1.93m=6.33 ft

Ôlenderness ratio =

200

=51.3 200 OK

Ȝc= = = 0.678

Ȝc 1.5
Shen; cr= ȜÚ =41.24 ksi
ĭcÑn= .85xAgxcr= 0.85x5.36x41.24 = 187.9 kips
187.9 >106 kips OK
£ %S&"!&"!%#$
Sensile force= 78.4 Kn=17.3 kips, fy=50 ksi, fu=65 ksi, L=2.69m=8.83 ft, Ag= 1.64 in2
Yield criterion:
ĭSn=0.9xfyxAg = 0.9 x 50 x 1.64 = 73.8 kips >17.2 kips OK
racture criterion:
Ae = 0.85 Ag =1.39 in2
ĭSn=0.75xfuxAe = 0.75 x 65 x 1.39 = 67.9kips >17.3 kips OK

Ôlenderness ratio = 300

= 300 OK

£ 'S ! !%#$
Sensile force= 473 Kn=104 kips, fy=50 ksi, fu=65 ksi, L=1.9m=6.23ft, Ag= 2.77 in2
Yield criterion:
ĭSn=0.9xfyxAg = 0.9 x 50 x 2.77 = 124.6 kips >104 kips OK
racture criterion:
Ae = 0.85 Ag =2.35 in2
ĭSn=0.75xfuxAe = 0.75 x 65 x 2.35 = 114.5kips >104 kips OK

Ôlenderness ratio = 300

= 300 OK

c u
Ñ

£ Ñ
ºD= ºD- Ôelf weight of truss= .45 kn/m2
º(Ô or L) => ÔÙ L so snow load control: ºÔ= 1.4kn/m2
ºU= 1.2x.45 +1.6x1.4= 2.78 kn/m2
Ôpaces between Ñurlines = 1.93m so º total/m =1.93x2.78 =5.36 kn/m
x/m= 5.36 x sin11.2= 1.04 kn/m
y/m= 5.36 x cos11.2= 5.26 kn/m
åu= ºl2/8 = 5.26x8.22/8 = 44.2 kn.m = 31.96 kip.ft
ån= 31.96/.9= 35.5 kip.ft
Zx=ånx12/fy=8.52 in3
5 Choose º8x10
£ Î

Ôpacing between sag rods =Ù Ù(bay)=Ù Ùx 8.25=2.75m

Su horizontal on purlins = 1.04 kn/m
Ôag rod will be design on top rod so tributary area for load will be from top to peak of the truss.
ºu=2.78 kn/m
Su= 2.78 x (2.75x7.73) x sin11.2=11.4 kn= 2.51 kips

Require Ag= =0.069 in2

Use for all sag rods ĭ1/2¶¶ (Ag=0.196 in2) at spacing 2.75 m.
º

Ñu = 78.5 KN = 17.72 kips
Ñu/ in weld = 17.27/(2..5*4) = 1.73 kips/in
Use 70 fillet weld and try 3/16´ thickness (minimum from table J2.4 LRD)
5 ĭRn = 0.75 (0.707 × 3/16 × [0.6×70 (1+0.5sin351.5)] = 5.11 kips / in > 1.73 O.K
Check strength of base metal
5 ĭRn = ĭbm = 0.9×0.6×fy×t = 0.9×0.6×50×3/16=5.06 kip/in > 1.73 O.K

Bolted connection with two gusset plate above and under the tube section:
Use A325 bolts and the threads are included in shear plan => fv = 48 kis
Sry ĭ ¾´ diameter bolts
Ru = 405 KN = 89.1 kips (tension)
ĭ Rn = 0.75 × 48 × (ɥ ×0.752 /4) × N 89.1 kips
5 N = number of bolts = 5.6 => so use 6 ĭ 3/4´ bolts (3 in each side)

So find plate thickness (t) Check bearing, yielding and fracture and choose max t:
1. Bearing:
5 dge bolts : ĭRn= 0.75( 1.2×2×t×65) 1.75(2.4×0.75×t×65)
= 117t > 87.75t (control)
5 Interior bolt: ĭRn= 0.75( 1.2×2.5×t×65) 1.75(2.4×0.75×t×65)
= 146t > 87.75t (control)
5 Ôo total ĭRn = 6 × 87.75t = 526 t > 89.1 kips
t > 0.17 in => t= 1/4´
2. Yielding:
ĭRn= 2(0.9×50×4in×t) > 89.1 kips => t> 0.25 => t=1/4´
3. racture:
ĭRn= 2(0.75×Ae×65) > 89.1 kips
5 Ae = [4-(3/4+1/8)]t = 25t/8
ĭRn= 2(0.75×25t/8×65) > 89.1 kips => t > 0.3´ = 5/16´
Sake t = 5/16´
Check fracture for tube section:
Ru=89.1kips , Ag=2.77in2
An= 2.77-2×(3/4+1/8)×3/16=2.442 in2 , Ae= UAn = 0.75×2.44=1.83 in2
ĭRn= 0.75×65×1.83=89.3kips >89.1 kips O.K

Base plate:
y= 50ksi , fc¶=28åpa=4Ksi , Ñu=177.6KN=39.1Kips
Dimension of base plate:
Column dimension = 40×40 cm2
Bearing on less than full area of concrete => use 6´ ×7.5´ base plate
!
Ñp=0.85×4×(6×7.5) ×¥ Ù 1.7×4×(6×7.5)

= 359 kips > 306 kips (control)
ĭc Ñp = 0.6×306 = 183.6 kips > 177.6 KN O.K
Shickness of base plate (t):
t L(¥
"#
$%
), L = max of(m,n,Ȝn¶)
n= (B-0.8×4)/2 =(6-0.8×4)/2 = 1.4
m= (N-0.95×4)/2 =(7.5-0.95×4)/2 = 1.85
Ȝn¶= 1×1/4× = 1

5 t = 1.85 (¥ ) = 0.365´

Check bearing:
Sension in tube = 338.5 KN = 75 kips
Use ĭ7/8´ anchorage bolts => N= 75/[0.75 × 48 × (ɥ ×(7/8)2 /4)]=3.46
5 so use 4ĭ7/8´ bolts
ĭRn = ĭ×2.4×d×t×fu => t= 75/(0.75×2.4×7/8×65) =0.73´
Ôo use 1´ thickness of base plate
ºeld size:
75 kips < 0.75×(0.707×w) ×[(2×3.75×0.6×70)+(4×0.6×70×1.5) => w > 0.249in , Use ¼ in

c S

Ñ

or internal joint DSributary area = 2.14 x (6.9+5.15)/2 = 12.9 m2
or external joint DSributary area = 6.45 m2
D.L Int.j =.45x12.9 5.8 kn

xt.j=.45x6.45 2.9 kn
L.L Int.j =.75x12.9 9.67 kn
xt.j=.75x6.45 4.84 kn
Ô.L Int.j =1.4x12.9 18.1 kn
xt.j=1.4x6.45 9.03 kn
º.L ºy: Int.j = -.482x12.9 -6.1 kn
xcos11.2 -3.05 kn
xt.j = -.482x6.45 ·1.21 kn
xcos11.2
ºx: =· .482x12.9
xsin11.2
S u uÎu Ñ

u u S Î
Ñ()

4 SÔ4X4X5/16 Column No åessages 1.043684 Ñ

5 SÔ2.5X2.5X3/16 Column No åessages 0.813513 KN
11 SÔ2X2X3/16 Beam No åessages 0.461858 -13.105
17 SÔ2X2X3/16 Brace No åessages 0.612059 10.965
18 SÔ2X2X3/16 Brace No åessages 0.765675 26.583
c u
Ñ

£ Ñ
ºD= ºD- Ôelf weight of truss= .45 kn/m2
º(Ô or L) => ÔÙ L so snow load control: ºÔ= 1.4kn/m2
ºU= 1.2x.45 +1.6x1.4= 2.78 kn/m2
Ôpaces between Ñurlines = 2.14m so º total/m =2.14x2.78 =5.95 kn/m
x/m= 5.95 x sin11.2= 1.16 kn/m
y/m= 5.95 x cos11.2= 5.84 kn/m
åu= ºl2/8 = 5.84x6.92/8 = 34.7 kn.m = 25.1 kip.ft
ån= 25.1/.9= 27.9 kip.ft
Zx=ån x 12/fy=6.69 in3
5 Choose º6x12
£ Î

Ôpacing between sag rods =Ù Ù(bay)=Ù Ùx 6.9=2.3m

Su horizontal on purlins = 1.16 kn/m
Ôag rod will be design on top rod so tributary area for load will be from top to peak of the truss.
ºu=2.78 kn/m
Su= 2.78 x (2.3x6.41) x sin11.2=7.96 kn =1.75 kips

Require Ag= =0.048 in2

Use for all sag rods ĭ 1/4¶¶ (Ag=0.049 in2) at spacing 2.3 m.

Truss Work

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Truss Work

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c S 

1. Ônow loads: snow load was taken to be = 1.4 kn/m2.

Dead load = 0.45 kn/m2

or internal joint DSributary area = 1.93 x 8.2 = 15.99 m2

or external joint DSributary area = 8 m2

D.L Int.j =.45x15.99 7.19 kn

åaximum deflection should not exceed L/360 = 4.22 cm

åaximum deflection = 2.25 cm < max O.K

S  u  u  Îu Ñ 

Sake two elements;

Compression force= 474Kn=106 kips, fy=50 ksi, fu=65 ksi, L=1.93m=6.33 ft

Shen; cr=  ȜÚ =41.24 ksi

ĭcÑn= .85xAgxcr= 0.85x5.36x41.24 = 187.9 kips

187.9 >106 kips OK

ĭSn=0.9xfyxAg = 0.9 x 50 x 1.64 = 73.8 kips >17.2 kips OK

Ae = 0.85 Ag =1.39 in2

ĭSn=0.75xfuxAe = 0.75 x 65 x 1.39 = 67.9kips >17.3 kips OK

ĭSn=0.9xfyxAg = 0.9 x 50 x 2.77 = 124.6 kips >104 kips OK

Ae = 0.85 Ag =2.35 in2

ĭSn=0.75xfuxAe = 0.75 x 65 x 2.35 = 114.5kips >104 kips OK

ºD= ºD- Ôelf weight of truss= .45 kn/m2

º(Ô or L) => ÔÙ L so snow load control: ºÔ= 1.4kn/m2

ºU= 1.2x.45 +1.6x1.4= 2.78 kn/m2

Ôpaces between Ñurlines = 1.93m so º total/m =1.93x2.78 =5.36 kn/m

x/m= 5.36 x sin11.2= 1.04 kn/m

y/m= 5.36 x cos11.2= 5.26 kn/m

åu= ºl2/8 = 5.26x8.22/8 = 44.2 kn.m = 31.96 kip.ft

ån= 31.96/.9= 35.5 kip.ft

Su horizontal on purlins = 1.04 kn/m

Su= 2.78 x (2.75x7.73) x sin11.2=11.4 kn= 2.51 kips

Ñu = 78.5 KN = 17.72 kips

Ñu/ in weld = 17.27/(2..5*4) = 1.73 kips/in

Check strength of base metal

5 ĭRn = ĭbm = 0.9×0.6×fy×t = 0.9×0.6×50×3/16=5.06 kip/in > 1.73 O.K

Sry ĭ ¾´ diameter bolts

Ru = 405 KN = 89.1 kips (tension)

ĭ Rn = 0.75 × 48 × (ɥ ×0.752 /4) × N  89.1 kips

5 N = number of bolts = 5.6 => so use 6 ĭ 3/4´ bolts (3 in each side)

= 117t > 87.75t (control)

5 Interior bolt: ĭRn= 0.75( 1.2×2.5×t×65)  1.75(2.4×0.75×t×65)

= 146t > 87.75t (control)

5 Ôo total ĭRn = 6 × 87.75t = 526 t > 89.1 kips

t > 0.17 in => t= 1/4´

ĭRn= 2(0.75×Ae×65) > 89.1 kips

ĭRn= 2(0.75×25t/8×65) > 89.1 kips => t > 0.3´ = 5/16´

Check fracture for tube section:

An= 2.77-2×(3/4+1/8)×3/16=2.442 in2 , Ae= UAn = 0.75×2.44=1.83 in2

ĭRn= 0.75×65×1.83=89.3kips >89.1 kips O.K

y= 50ksi , fc¶=28åpa=4Ksi , Ñu=177.6KN=39.1Kips

Dimension of base plate:

Column dimension = 40×40 cm2

= 359 kips > 306 kips (control)

ĭc Ñp = 0.6×306 = 183.6 kips > 177.6 KN O.K

Shickness of base plate (t):

n= (B-0.8×4)/2 =(6-0.8×4)/2 = 1.4

m= (N-0.95×4)/2 =(7.5-0.95×4)/2 = 1.85

Sension in tube = 338.5 KN = 75 kips

Use ĭ7/8´ anchorage bolts => N= 75/[0.75 × 48 × (ɥ ×(7/8)2 /4)]=3.46

5 so use 4ĭ7/8´ bolts

ĭRn = ĭ×2.4×d×t×fu => t= 75/(0.75×2.4×7/8×65) =0.73´

Ôo use 1´ thickness of base plate

75 kips < 0.75×(0.707×w) ×[(2×3.75×0.6×70)+(4×0.6×70×1.5) => w > 0.249in , Use ¼ in

or internal joint DSributary area = 2.14 x (6.9+5.15)/2 = 12.9 m2

c S

1. Ônow loads: snow load was taken to be = 1.4 kn/m2.

or internal joint DSributary area = 1.93 x 8.2 = 15.99 m2

or external joint DSributary area = 8 m2

S u uÎu Ñ

Shen; cr= ȜÚ =41.24 ksi

ĭcÑn= .85xAgxcr= 0.85x5.36x41.24 = 187.9 kips

x/m= 5.36 x sin11.2= 1.04 kn/m

y/m= 5.36 x cos11.2= 5.26 kn/m

5 ĭRn = ĭbm = 0.9×0.6×fy×t = 0.9×0.6×50×3/16=5.06 kip/in > 1.73 O.K

ĭ Rn = 0.75 × 48 × (ɥ ×0.752 /4) × N 89.1 kips

5 N = number of bolts = 5.6 => so use 6 ĭ 3/4´ bolts (3 in each side)

5 Interior bolt: ĭRn= 0.75( 1.2×2.5×t×65) 1.75(2.4×0.75×t×65)

5 Ôo total ĭRn = 6 × 87.75t = 526 t > 89.1 kips

y= 50ksi , fc¶=28åpa=4Ksi , Ñu=177.6KN=39.1Kips

5 so use 4ĭ7/8´ bolts

or internal joint DSributary area = 2.14 x (6.9+5.15)/2 = 12.9 m2

or external joint DSributary area = 6.45 m2

x/m= 5.95 x sin11.2= 1.16 kn/m

y/m= 5.95 x cos11.2= 5.84 kn/m