The Passive Crossover Design Calculator

By Jeff Bagby Version: 2.03 5/19/2003

Welcome to "The Passive Crossover Design Calculator" Ver. 2.03 . I hope this simple spreadsheet will assist
you in building and designing your passive crossover. The values calculated by the program are "text book"
values that assume perfectly flat impedance and amplitude response. Since this is not going to be the case
with real world speakers, results with most of these values will not be optimum. However, even if you are
using optimizing software like Soundeasy, CALSOD, LspCad, etc., text book values are often a very good place
to begin. If you are not using optimizing software these values will still provide a good starting point to begin
your own tweaking. In many cases, if the impedance has been equalized, the results may actually be quite
acceptable, needing only a small amount of adjustment. Probably the most powerful aspect of this
spreadsheet is the opportunity it offers for a beginner to learn more about crossover circuits and how they
operate. I picture this as much as a teaching tool as I do a design tool, and is intended for primarily for the
beginner or novice builder, however, some of it's functions may be beneficial even for the experienced
designer.

In the first version certain assumptions were made of the user; primarily that the user already understood
basic crossover circuits, orders, and general circuit topologies. It was assumed that the user knew what the
calculation was for and what the results meant. However, with this new version I have included pop-up text
HELP boxes that give a brief explanation to what the contents of a cell mean or what the calculator is looking
for. When ever you see a small red triangle like this one in a cell just move you cursor over it and a help box will
appear. You can try it on this one above to see what I mean. I have also included circuit schematics for each
circuit calculator on all of the calculator pages. Simply by clicking on the title of any one of the circuit
calculators a diagram of the circuit will appear in your browser showing each component and its location in the
circuit. Simply click on the "Back" button to return to "The Passive Crossover Design Calculator". Sometimes
a picture is worth a thousand words and these schematics should help many understand the circuit better. If a
more detailed explanation is needed, I recommend referring to the "Loudspeaker Design Cookbook" by Vance
Dickason. This resource is available through Old Colony and other sources. Most of the design calculators
contained in this program are explained in the "Cookbook". There are also many other excellent books on
crossover design as well that would work hand in hand with this spreadsheet. Another feature that has been
incorporated in this released version is input and output capability for the Contour and Impedance circuit
designers. These will be explained in more detail under those sections below.

One more note about how to use "The Passive Crossover Design Calculator" may be necessary, but you will
find that it is really quite simple. At the bottom of the spreadsheet are tabs marked: "Two-Way Calculators";
"Three-Way Calculators"; "Additional Calculators"; "Contour Circuit Designers"; "Impedance Circuit
Designers"; and "Note Pad". Within each one you will find different tools to help you in your crossover design.
On each sheet you will notice that some values are in red and others are in blue. A red number is one that is
user entered such as crossover frequency, resistance, etc. A blue number represents the results from a
formula. The blue numbers are protected so that you can not accidentally erase an equation. On each page
you will notice the letters L, C, and R. Please make note that L means the inductor value in milli-Henries, C
means the capacitor value in micro-Farads, and R means the resistance in Ohms. Whenever two different R
values are required, such as the R for the speaker and the R for a resistor in the circuit, the difference will be
noted. And remember, each page contains pop-up help boxes and circuit schematics too.

Here is a brief description of each of the sections:

Two-Way Crossover Calculators

This page gives the inductor and capacitor values for many different types of two-way text-book crossovers.
By entering the desired crossover frequency and the equalized resistance for the low and high pass sections
in the red fields in the box at the top of the page the component values are automatically computed for twelve
different types of crossovers, including First, Second, Third, Fourth, and Sixth Order circuits. Types include
Butterworth, Bessel, Linkwitz-Riley and more for several orders. There are also calculators for Series
crossovers with adjustable Zeta values and a variable "Q" Second order circuit. For these there is an
additional box for the Zeta or "Q" to be entered. Crossover values in the calculator are arranged as they would
be in the crossover. For example, in the Third Order Butterworth parallel crossover, the high pass lists C1, L1,
and C2. These components would be arranged with C1 connected to the input, L1 going to ground between the
two capacitors, and C2 going to the tweeter. This logic is used for all of the crossover calculator results, but if
there is any question remember to click on the circuit's title bar and the schematic will appear showing where
each component is located (that picture is worth a thousand words thing again).

Three-Way Crossover Calculators

This page has a three way crossover calculator which gives the text-book values for a First order Butterworth
and a Second Order Linkwitz-Riley three-way crossover, including the bandpass gain and the necessary
equalizing resistor, for "variable spread" or one where you select both the lower and upper crossover
frequencies. Since many midranges may have a different operating impedance between the lower and upper
crossover points there are two entry points for the midrange's R values. However, you can leave both as the
same value if you choose. I do not offer more options in variable spread three-way crossovers, because
three-way crossovers with variable spreads are quite complex. However, for higher order crossovers I have
included Third order Butterworth and Fourth order L-R types which use a "fixed spread" of 8 or 10. What this
means is that the upper crossover frequency divided by the lower crossover frequency will result in a value of
8 or 10. For example a three way with crossover points of 375 and 3000 would have a spread of 8 and one of
200 and 2000 would have spread of 10. All you need to do is select the preferred "Spread" and enter the
lower crossover point along with the resistances, and the calculator will compute the rest. These spreads are
the most practical and will meet the needs of most three way designs. Again, as with the Two-Way Crossover
page, pop-up help boxes and schematics are available.

Additional Calculators
This page offers an assortment of various useful calculators, each one with its own unique purpose.
Altogether there are different sections that calculate the values for: RLC, RL and RC response contour
circuits; Zobels and Series Notch or Conjugate Impedance Circuits; L-Pads; Insertion Losses; Second Order
Filter "Q" Calculator; Acoustic Butterworth Crossover; Multiple Driver Sensitivity and Impedance Calculator;
Voice Coil Offset and Baffle Tilt Calculator; and an Air Core Inductor Designer. Again, the user simply needs to
enter the necessary information into the red number fields and the results will be calculated. Several of these
calculators can be used to arrive at a final impedance before using the previous Crossover Calculator page.
As with the previous pages, clicking on the circuit's title will bring up the circuit schematic, and each Calculator
provides pop-up Help boxes.

Contour Circuit Designers

On this page you will find RL, RC, and RLC Parallel Notch Filter Contour Designers. These Designers can be
quite useful not only in eliminating a peak in a speaker's response, but also to compensate for baffle step
response, or the drooping top end in a tweeter. Rather than giving you the component values as the previous
page does, this page allows you to fine-tune the design of these circuits to your specific application. This page
is especially useful if you have the ability to measure the response of your speaker. For each one of the
Designers you will enter the driver's resistance as well as the value of the circuit components used in the red
number fields in the top section of the Designer. You will also notice that for each Designer there is a table with
several user defined frequency and amplitude points. You can use the frequencies that are present by default
or enter your own via the frequency calculator in the white data bar above it. Here you only need to enter the
starting and ending frequencies and the calculator will fill in the points in-between on a log scale. The program
will then use the same frequencies that have been entered and calculate the transfer function of the circuit
loaded by the driver's resistance. Amplitude response data can be entered manually for each frequency point
or can be imported from an FRD format frequency response file. The accompanying graph will show the
amplitude response for the speaker, the circuit's transfer function, and the resultant combined response. The
resultant response can then be exported as an FRD file if desired to be used with other software. This page of
the program offers the design flexibility for working with other design tools and measurement software. And
in addition to the features already described, clicking on the circuit's title will bring up the circuit schematic,
and each Calculator provides several pop-up Help boxes.

Impedance Circuit Designers

You will immediately notice that this page is very much like the previous "Contour Circuit Designer" page. It
functions in almost exactly the same way too, only it allows you to design Zobel and Series Notch (or Series
Conjugate) Impedance compensation circuits to fit your needs. This page also includes the ability to import and
export data just as the Contour Circuits page did. One difference in these features is the missing button for
exporting only the impedance of the modeled circuit, which I did not feel was useful by itself. Again, you enter
several user defined frequency and impedance points. You can use the frequencies that are present by default
or enter your own via the frequency calculator in the white data bar above it. Here you only need to enter the
starting and ending frequencies and the calculator will fill in the points in-between on a log scale. The program
will then use the same frequencies that have been entered and calculate the transfer function of the circuit
loaded by the driver's resistance. Impedance data can be entered manually for each frequency point or can be
imported from a ZDA format Impedance response file. The accompanying graph will show the the same
frequency points that you have entered and will calculate the impedance of the circuit in parallel with your
speaker and the resultant combined impedance, and then show these in the accompanying graph. The
resultant combined impedance can then be exported as a ZDA formatted file if desired to be used with other
software. If the impedance plot of the speaker is known then this page can be very useful in flattening the
impedance curve to a nearly resistive level before using some of the Calculators on the previous pages. As
with the "Contour Circuit" Page, in addition to the features already described, clicking on the circuit's title will
bring up the circuit schematic, and each Calculator provides several pop-up Help boxes.

Using The FRD Macros

You will notice several macro buttons with each of the Calculators on the Contours Circuits page and the
Impedance Circuits page. The "Conform Frequency" button is used with the FRD and ZDA files to conform the
input file's data to match the frequencies chosen. If the selected frequencies are changed after importing the
data then you must use the "Conform" button to readjust the data to match the new frequencies. If you do not
change the frequency settings after importing the data then you do not need to use this button because it will
be imported already conformed to the frequency scale. However, once the FRD or ZDA data has been imported
it may prove quite useful to change the frequency window so that you can "zoom" in and out of your view of the
response. Even though there are only 21 frequency data points used for the viewed graph, the ability to zoom in
and out by changing the frequency settings still gives a great deal of flexibilty to this tool. The "Input FRD
Response" button allows you to bring in frequency response data from an external file saved from other
software in this format. Likewise the "Input ZDA Response" button allows you to import impedance data from
an external ZDA format file. The "Output FRD Correction" button will output only the circuit's transfer function.
And the "Output FRD Result" or the "Output ZDA Result" will output the resultant combined response of the
speaker and circuit, or the resultant combined impedance as the case may be. At the top of the each page you
will see the "Clear Before Saving" button. You do not need to clear the imported data but using this button will
reduce the size of this file when saving. These pages of the program offers the most design flexibility of any of
the Calculators in the program and is useful for those working with other design tools and measurement
software. Note: some software will use different extensions other than FRD and ZDA, but the file will still be
compatible. These files can still be used simply by using your file explorer and changing the extension to the
desired one, then inputting the file data.

Note Pad
The Note Pad is an unprotected blank sheet that allows you to copy and paste results from any of the
Calculators and keep whatever notes you desire as you develop your passive crossover circuit.

Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Paul Verdone for his invaluable input on this spreadsheet and for adding the FRD and ZDA
functions. I would also like to thank him for forming the FRD Consortium and hosting the various design tools
available on it, including this "Passive Crossover Design Calculator".

I would also like to thank David Dlugos for creating all of the circuit schematic drawings used throughout the
spreadsheet.

Again, I hope you find this spreadsheet helpful as you design your crossover. If you have any questions or find
any problems or errors you may contact me by email at: jbagby@netusa1.net

Jeff Bagby
8/29/2002

We are in no way responsible for the success of any crossover designed using this spreadsheet, and we
place no guarantee on the accuracy of its results.

The "Passive Crossover Design Calculator" Copyright 2001,2002, and 2003 by Jeff Bagby
 TWO-WAY CROSSOVER DESIGN CALCULATOR

Enter Crossover Frequency : 2500 Hz

Resistance for Highpass Section : 8 Ohm
Resistance for Lowpass Section : 8 Ohm

First Order Butterworth Second

SecondOrder
OrderLinkwitz-Riley
Linkwitz-Riley Second Order Bu

Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass
C1= 7.96 uF C1= 3.98 uF C1=
Woofer - Low Pass Section L1= 1.02 mH L1=
L1= 0.51 mH Woofer - Low Pass Section Woofer - Low Pass
L2= 1.02 mH L2=
Sum at Fc= 0 dB C2= 3.98 uF C2=
Tweeter Polarity= Either
(Normal is Preferred) Sum at Fc= 0 dB Sum at Fc=
Tweeter Polarity= Reversed Tweeter Polarity=

Click on circuit title to view schematic

First Order Series Second Order Bessel Second Order Va

Zeta = 0.5 Filter Q=

Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass
L1= 0.25 mH C1= 4.56 uF C1=
Woofer - Low Pass Section L1= 0.88 mH L1=
C1= 15.92 uF Woofer - Low Pass Section Woofer - Low Pass
L2= 0.88 mH L2=
Sum at Fc= 6.02 dB C2= 4.56 uF C2=
Tweeter Polarity= Either
(Normal is Preferred) Sum at Fc= +1.2 dB Sum at Fc=
Tweeter Polarity= Reversed Tweeter Polarity=

Click on circuit title to view schematic

Third Order Butterworth Third Order Butterworth -Series Fourth Order But

Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass
C1= 5.31 uF L1= 0.34 mH C1=
 L1= 0.38 mH C1= 6.00 uF L1=
C2= 15.92 uF L2= 1.02 mH C2=
Woofer - Low Pass Section Woofer - Low Pass Section L2=
L2= 0.76 mH C2= 12.00 uF Woofer - Low Pass
C3= 10.61 uF L3= 0.67 mH L3=
L3= 0.25 mH C3= 4.00 uF C3=
L4=
Sum at Fc= 0 dB Sum at Fc= 0 dB C4=
Tweeter Polarity= Either Tweeter Polarity= Either
(Reversed is Preferred) Sum at Fc=
Tweeter Polarity=

Click on circuit title to view schematic

Fourth Order Linkwitz-Riley Fourth Order Bessel Fourth Order G

Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass
C1= 4.22 uF C1= 3.51 uF C1=
L1= 0.32 mH L1= 0.28 mH L1=
C2= 8.44 uF C2= 3.60 uF C2=
L2= 1.44 mH L2= 1.59 mH L2=
Woofer - Low Pass Section Woofer - Low Pass Section Woofer - Low Pass
L3= 0.96 mH L3= 1.15 mH L3=
C3= 12.66 uF C3= 11.68 uF C3=
L4= 0.48 mH L4= 0.47 mH L4=
C4= 2.81 uF C4= 2.52 uF C4=

Sum at Fc= 0 dB Sum at Fc= -1.5 dB Sum at Fc=

Tweeter Polarity= Normal Tweeter Polarity= Normal Tweeter Polarity=

Click on circuit title to view schematic

Fourth Order Linear Phase Fourth Order Legendre* Sixth Order Link

Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass
C1= 3.71 uF C1= 5.52 uF C1=
L1= 0.35 mH L1= 0.34 mH L1=
C2= 7.62 uF C2= 6.23 uF C2=
L2= 1.23 mH L2= 0.89 mH L2=
Woofer - Low Pass Section Woofer - Low Pass Section C3=
L3= 1.05 mH L3= 0.73 mH L3=
C3= 11.28 uF C3= 11.83 uF Woofer - Low Pass
L4= 0.50 mH L4= 0.65 mH L4=
C4= 3.16 uF C4= 4.55 uF C4=
L5=
Sum at Fc= -0.5 dB Sum at Fc= 0.7 dB C5=
Tweeter Polarity= Normal Tweeter Polarity=Normal L6=
Sum at Fc= -1.5 dB C6=
Tweeter Polarity=Reversed
Sum at Fc=
*The frequencies used are: Tweeter Polarity=
LP used = 2175 Hz
HP used = 2875 Hz
ATOR

cond Order Butterworth

eter- High Pass Section

5.63 uF
0.72 mH
fer - Low Pass Section
0.72 mH
5.63 uF

+3 dB
eter Polarity= Reversed

cond Order Variable Q

eter- High Pass Section

7.96 uF
0.51 mH
fer - Low Pass Section
0.51 mH
7.96 uF

6.00 dB
eter Polarity= Reversed

urth Order Butterworth

eter- High Pass Section

5.20 uF
 0.32 mH
7.35 uF
1.33 mH
fer - Low Pass Section
0.78 mH
12.55 uF
0.55 mH
3.05 uF

+3 dB
eter Polarity= Normal

Fourth Order Gaussian

eter- High Pass Section

3.84 uF
0.36 mH
7.46 uF
1.04 mH
fer - Low Pass Section
1.04 mH
11.18 uF
0.54 mH
3.84 uF

-1.5 dB
eter Polarity= Normal

xth Order Linkwitz-Riley

eter- High Pass Section

4.42 uF
0.28 mH
5.41 uF
0.45 mH
10.94 uF
2.04 mH
fer - Low Pass Section
0.92 mH
14.74 uF
0.75 mH
 8.92 uF
0.37 mH
1.99 uF

0 dB
eter Polarity= Reversed
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
 THREE-WAY CROSSOVER DESIGN CALCULATOR

F low : 350 Hz R (Mid) low :

F high : 2800 Hz R (Mid) high :
R (Woofer) : 4 Ohm F mid :
R (Tweeter) : 9 Ohm S (Spread) :
Click on circuit title to view schematic

First Order Butterworth Second Order Linkwitz-R

Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass Sect

C1= 6.31 uF C1=
Woofer - Low Pass Section L1=
L1= 1.82 mH Woofer - Low Pass Secti
Midrange - Band Pass Section L2=
C2= 63.94 uF C2=
L2= 0.40 mH Midrange - Band Pass Se
C3=
Bandpass Gain= 2.18 dB L3=
R eq= 2.29 ohm C4=
Midrange Polarity= Normal L4=

Bandpass Gain=
R eq=
Midrange Polarity=

Click on circuit title to view schematic

Third Order Butterworth Fourth Order Linkwitz-Ri

Spread (FH/FL) 8 (8 or 10) Spread (FH/FL)

(R) Woofer : 8 Ohm (R) Woofer :
(R) Midrange : 8 Ohm (R) Midrange :
(R) Tweeter : 8 Ohm (R) Tweeter :
F low : 300 Hz F low :
F high : 2400 Hz F high :
F high : 848.53 Hz F Mid :

Tweeter- High Pass Section Tweeter- High Pass Sect

C1 = 6.03 uF C1 =
 L1 = 0.40 mH L1 =
C2 = 15.24 uF C2 =
L2 =
Woofer - Low Pass Section Woofer - Low Pass Secti
L2 = 5.83 mH L3 =
C3 = 88.75 uF C3 =
L3 = 2.31 mH L4 =
C4 =
Midrange - Band Pass Section Midrange - Band Pass Se
C4 = 45.84 uF C5 =
L4 = 3.20 mH L5 =
C5 = 142.41 uF C6 =
L6 =
L5 = 0.60 mH
C6 = 13.02 uF L7 =
L6 = 0.27 mH C7 =
L8 =
Bandpass gain = 0.99 dB C8 =
Midrange Polarity= Normal
Bandpass gain =
Midrange Polarity=
 CALCULATOR

8 Ohm
8 Ohm
989.95 Hz
8.00

cond Order Linkwitz-Riley

weeter- High Pass Section

3.13 uF
1.03 mH
oofer - Low Pass Section
3.68 mH
56.25 uF
drange - Band Pass Section
38.46 uF
7.53 mH
3.13 uF
0.74 mH

2.45 dB
2.60 ohm
Reversed

ourth Order Linkwitz-Riley

8 (8 or 10)
8 Ohm
8 Ohm
8 Ohm
300 Hz
2400 Hz
848.53 Hz

weeter- High Pass Section

4.42 uF
 0.34 mH
8.78 uF
1.48 mH
oofer - Low Pass Section
7.95 mH
104.79 uF
4.01 mH
23.71 uF
drange - Band Pass Section
55.60 uF
2.10 mH
78.55 uF
1.17 mH

0.98 mH
11.77 uF
0.46 mH
2.62 uF

2.84 dB
Normal
 ADDITIONAL CIRCUIT DESIGN CALCULATORS

ZOBEL CALCULATOR STANDARD R-L CONTOUR STANDARD R-C CONT

F Min Att.= 150 Hz F Min Att.=

RE Speaker = 6.1 ohm F Max Att.= 1000 Hz F Max Att.=
L Voice Coil = 0.65 mH R Speaker = 6.2 ohm R Speaker =
C zobel = 11.18 uF R= 8 ohm R=
R zobel = 7.63 ohm L= 1.01 mH C=
Attenuation = -5.12 dB Attenuation =

Click on circuit title to view schematic

STANDARD RLC PARALLEL NOTCH FILTER ACOUSTIC BUTTERWORTH CROSSO

Low F (start of peak) = 2000 Hz Tweeter R = 8

High F (end of peak) = 5500 Hz Crossover F = 2000
Midpoint of peak = 3317 Hz Crossover C1 = 6.63
Peak magnitude (dB)= 5 dB Crossover L1 = 0.48
R Speaker = 8 ohm Crossover C2 = 19.89
Bandwidth Q of filter = 0.95 Tweeter Fs = 750
Required R = 6.23 ohm DCR of L1 = 0.3
C= 7.30 uF Bypass values for crossover
L= 0.32 mH Ca = 1.95
Ra = 14.5

L-PAD CALCULATOR INSERTION LOSSES SECOND ORDER FILTE

Desired cut = -4 dB RE Driver = 6.00 ohm C=

R Driver = 8 ohm DCR Circuit = 1.60 ohm L=
R Series = 2.95 ohm Qes = 0.33 R Speaker =
R Parallel = 13.68 ohm Loss = -2.05 dB Q of Filter =
New Qes = 0.42 F @ Corner =
Corner level =

Click on circuit title to view schematic

SIMPLE SERIES NOTCH COMPLEX SERIES NOTCH

 Fs Speaker = 1100 Hz Fs Speaker = 1100 Hz C=
Re Speaker = 5 ohm Re Speaker = 6 ohm L=
C= 27.30 uf Qes = 1 R=
L= 0.68 mH Qms = 6 Q of filter =
R= 7.00 ohm Zmax @Fs = 19.00 ohm

VARIABLE L-PAD MULTIPLE DRIVER CALCULATOR

R Speaker = 6 ohm Number of drivers= 9

R Series = 4 ohm Re= 6.0
R Parallel = 30 ohm Sensitivity= 87.0
Final R total = 9.00 ohm Number of drivers must be divisible into whole numbe
Attenuation = -5.11 dB Number in series in a group= 3
Number of groups in parallel= 3
Final Re= 6.0
Final Sensitivity= 96.5

DRIVER OFFSET CALCULATOR INDUCTOR DESIGN CALCULATOR

Offset distance is the amount the woofer's Inductor Designer for Air Core Inducto
voice coil is behind the tweeter's voice coil the height of the core equals the core

Voice Coil Offset = 0.68 inches Desired DCR =

Driver CenterSpacing = 5.5 inches Desired Inductance =
Crossover point = 2500 Hz Core Height and Radius =
Tweeter Phase Lead = 45.1 degrees Number of Turns =
Baffle Tilt Needed = 7.08 degrees Calculated Wire Diameter =
Proposed Wire Gauge =
Cabinet Baffle Tilt Calculator
Cabinet Height = 36 inches Wire Gauge Diameter Calculator
Depth at Bottom = 13.5 inches Selected Wire Gauge =
Depth at Top = 6.5 inches Calculated Wire Diameter =
Length of Front Baffle = 36.67 inches
Angle of Baffle Tilt = 11.14 degrees
New Voice Coil Offset = 0.37 inches
Tweeter Phase Lead = 24.5 degrees
ATORS

NDARD R-C CONTOUR

20000 Hz
8000 Hz
6 ohm
4 ohm
7.60 uF
-2.70 dB

RWORTH CROSSOVER

ohm
Hz
uF
mH
uF
Hz
ohm
for crossover
uF
ohm

OND ORDER FILTER "Q"

7.96 uf
0.5 mH
8 ohm
1.009
2524.06 Hz
0.08 dB
 24.12 uF
0.87 mH
7.00 ohm
0.86

ALCULATOR

Ohms
dB/2.83V/M
nto whole number groups

Ohms
dB/2.83V/M

GN CALCULATOR

r Air Core Inductors where

re equals the core radius

0.50 ohms
2.00 mH
0.846 inches
192 turns
0.05140 inches
16 ga

meter Calculator
16 ga
0.05 inches
 CONTOUR CIRCUIT DESIGN CALCULATORS

Click on circuit title to view s

R-L CONTOUR CIRCUIT

R (Speaker) = 8 ohm Displayed Freq

L (Circuit) = 2 mH Start Frq = 50
R (Circuit) = 8 ohm End Frq = 3000

Filter Driver Combined

Frequency Response Response Response R
in dB in dB in dB 96

50 -0.65 85.726 85.07

94
61 -0.79 87.980 87.19
74 -0.95 88.617 87.67
90 -1.13 88.151 87.02 92
109 -1.35 88.701 87.35
133 -1.61 88.710 87.10
90
161 -1.90 88.702 86.80
dB (Speaker)

196 -2.24 89.053 86.82

238 -2.61 89.606 87.00 88
289 -3.00 89.875 86.87
351 -3.42 91.010 87.59 86
427 -3.84 91.390 87.55
519 -4.25 92.121 87.87
631 -4.63 93.035 88.41 84
766 -4.95 93.115 88.16
931 -5.23 93.218 87.99 82
1132 -5.44 92.859 87.42
1375 -5.61 93.071 87.46
1671 -5.73 94.587 88.86 80
50 61 74 90 109 133 161 19
2031 -5.82 93.862 88.04
2469 -5.88 93.031 87.15
3000 -5.93 94.841 88.92 C
 80
50 61 74 90 109 133 161 19

Click on circuit title to view s

R-C CONTOUR CIRCUIT

R (Speaker) = 6.50 ohm Displayed Freq

C (Circuit) = 3.3 uF Start Frq = 3000
R (Circuit) = 6 ohm End Frq = 20000

Filter Driver Combined

Frequency Response Response Response R
in dB in dB in dB 100

3000 -5.41 94.332 88.92 98

3284 -5.36 95.143 89.78
3594 -5.31 95.680 90.37
3934 -5.25 97.442 92.20 96
4306 -5.17 97.188 92.02
4713 -5.09 97.109 92.02 94
5159 -4.99 98.341 93.35
5646 -4.89 98.261 93.37 dB (Speaker) 92
6180 -4.77 98.356 93.59
6764 -4.64 97.913 93.27
7404 -4.50 98.648 94.15 90
8104 -4.35 97.283 92.93
8870 -4.19 98.167 93.98
88
9709 -4.02 97.751 93.73
10627 -3.85 98.168 94.32
11631 -3.67 97.679 94.01 86
12731 -3.48 96.500 93.02
13935 -3.30 96.731 93.44 84
15252 -3.11 96.537 93.43 3284 3934 4713 5
3000 3594 4306 5159
16694 -2.93 96.121 93.19
18272 -2.75 95.375 92.63
20000 -2.57 94.863 92.29 C

Click on circuit title to view s

 RLC NOTCH FILTER CONTOUR CIRCUIT

R (Speaker) = 8 ohms F max= 1299

C (Circuit) = 12 uF Q= 0.78
L (Circuit) = 1.25 mH F low= 471
R (Circuit) = 8 ohms F high= 2128

Filter Driver Combined

Frequency Response Response Response
RLC
in dB in dB in dB 98

100 -0.81 86.283 85.47 96

119 -0.96 87.454 86.49
142 -1.14 88.500 87.36 94
169 -1.34 89.399 88.06
202 -1.58 90.073 88.50
92
241 -1.85 90.500 88.65
287 -2.17 90.700 88.53
dB (Speaker)

90
342 -2.54 90.700 88.16
408 -2.96 91.067 88.11
486 -3.43 92.340 88.91 88
579 -3.96 94.313 90.35
691 -4.54 95.100 90.56 86
823 -5.12 93.082 87.96
981 -5.63 93.665 88.03 84
1170 -5.96 95.300 89.34
1394 -5.99 94.700 88.71
82
1662 -5.72 94.600 88.88
1981 -5.23 93.751 88.52
2362 -4.66 94.001 89.34 80
100 119 142 169 202 241 287 342
2815 -4.08 92.712 88.63
3356 -3.54 95.280 91.74
4000 -3.05 95.618 92.57 C
100 119 142 169 202 241 287 342

C
ALCULATORS

lick on circuit title to view schematic

Decades = 1.7782
Growth = 0.0847

R-L Contour Response

0

-1

-2

-3
dB (Filter)

-4

-5

-6

-7
50 61 74 90 109 133 161 196 238 289 351 427 519 631 766 931 1132 1375 1671 2031 2469 3000

Frequency

Column F Column G Column E

 -7
50 61 74 90 109 133 161 196 238 289 351 427 519 631 766 931 1132 1375 1671 2031 2469 3000

Frequency

Column F Column G Column E

lick on circuit title to view schematic

Decades = 0.8239
Growth = 0.0392

R-C Contour Response

0

-1

-2

dB (Filter)
-3

-4

-5

-6
3284 3934 4713 5646 6764 8104 9709 11631 13935 16694 20000
3000 3594 4306 5159 6180 7404 8870 10627 12731 15252 18272

Frequency

Column F Column G Column E

lick on circuit title to view schematic

ONTOUR CIRCUIT

Hz Displayed Freq

Hz Start Frq = 100 Decades = 1.6021

Hz End Frq = 4000 Growth = 0.0763

RLC Notch Filter Response

0

-1

-2

-3

dB (Filter)
-4

-5

-6

-7
0 119 142 169 202 241 287 342 408 486 579 691 823 981 1170 1394 1662 1981 2362 2815 3356 4000

Frequency

Column F Column G Column E

0 119 142 169 202 241 287 342 408 486 579 691 823 981 1170 1394 1662 1981 2362 2815 3356 4000

Frequency

Column F Column G Column E

184.332
185.143
185.680
187.442
187.188
187.109
188.341
188.261
188.356
187.913
188.648
187.283
188.167
187.751
188.168
187.679
186.500
186.731
186.537
186.121
185.375
184.863
 IMPEDANCE COMPENSATION CIRCUIT DESIGN C

Click on circuit title to view schematic

ZOBEL VOICE COIL INDUCTANCE COMPENSAT

C Zobel = 20 uF Displayed Freq

R Zobel = 7 ohms Start Frq = 200
End Frq = 10000

Speaker Impedance
Frequency
Impedance with Zobel
Voice Coil Ind
40.00

200 6.51 5.71

246 6.47 5.56
302 6.61 5.52
371 6.69 5.42 30.00
456 7.09 5.50
560 7.51 5.55
Impedance (ohms)

688 8.48 5.82

845 8.74 5.71 20.00
1038 9.60 5.80
1276 10.65 5.90
1568 12.19 6.07
1926 13.98 6.20
2366 15.99 6.29 10.00

2907 18.25 6.35

3572 20.68 6.38
4389 23.49 6.41
5392 26.36 6.41 0.00
200 246 302 371 456 560 688 84
6625 29.75 6.43
8139 33.30 6.44
10000 37.80 6.46 C
 Click on circuit title to view schematic

SERIES CONJUGATE RESONANCE COMPEN

L= 1.6 mH F center= 537 Hz

C= 55 uF Q= 0.90 Start Frq =
R= 6 ohms

Impedance
Frequency
Speaker
with Resonance Im
Impedance
Conjugate 20.00

100 5.30 4.47 18.00

117 5.40 4.42

16.00
137 5.60 4.40
160 5.80 4.36
14.00
188 6.16 4.35

Impedance (ohms)
220 6.66 4.34 12.00
258 7.40 4.35
302 8.55 4.36 10.00
353 10.40 4.39
413 12.80 4.37 8.00

484 15.85 4.41

6.00
567 17.90 4.51
663 15.40 4.53
4.00
777 11.90 4.51
909 9.40 4.45 2.00
1064 7.70 4.35
1246 6.68 4.27 0.00
100 117 137 160 188 220 258 30
1459 6.06 4.23
1708 5.76 4.28
2000 5.65 4.39 C
CIRCUIT DESIGN CALCULATOR

o view schematic

NCE COMPENSATION

Decades = 1.6990
Growth = 0.0894

Voice Coil Inductance Compensation

46 302 371 456 560 688 845 1038 1276 1568 1926 2366 2907 3572 4389 5392 6625 8139 10000

Frequency (Hz)

Column E Column F
rcuit title to view schematic

ONANCE COMPENSATION CIRCUIT

Displayed Freq
Start Frq = 100 Decades = 1.3010
End Frq = 2000 Growth = 0.0685

Resonance Impedance Compensation

17 137 160 188 220 258 302 353 413 484 567 663 777 909 1064 1246 1459 1708 2000

Frequency (Hz)

Column E Column F