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Table of Contents
Executive Summary..............................................................................................................................................1
Workloads ..............................................................................................................................................4
IBM Technologies to Support More Effective Planning and Preparation for Cloud..............7
Discovery: TADDM.............................................................................................................................7
IBM CloudBurst................................................................................................................................. 10
EMA Perspective................................................................................................................................................ 14
Executive Summary
Cloud computing is on the rise for good reason as it can deliver strong values in terms of cost
savings and more flexible, versatile and potentially even more resilient IT services. However, Cloud
computing also brings many obstacles with it in terms of enhanced requirements for visibility, control
and automation.
Just as significantly, Cloud computing places extreme demands
for effective cross-domain collaboration that more siloed IT Cloud computing places
organizations will struggle with without the right management extreme demands for effective
foundation. This is becoming more and more evident as virtualized cross-domain collaboration
infrastructures and other Cloud services become more pervasively
operational versus niche. Enterprises and organizations seeking
to optimize their Cloud investments will also need to understand
how to plan for Cloud services in terms of application-to-infrastructure and application-to-application
interdependencies, addressing critical workload requirements with a top-down service impact
perspective. Otherwise IT will be crawling through the process via bottoms-up pockets of virtualization
that can easily lead to train wrecks down the road.
Finally, Cloud represents a largely unchartered territory in terms of defining roles and responsibilities across
entire communities of enterprises and service providers. These are largely process and organizational
issues, but technology can help pave the way. Without the proper capabilities to account for and measure
value, as well as to provision new services and monitor performance and impact, enterprises will not be
able to effectively optimize hybrid environments in order to meet business objectives.
This ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATES® (EMA™) report looks at the Cloud
opportunity and its challenges in context with IBM’s well balanced approach to managing private and
public Cloud requirements. The report targets the full service lifecycle, from planning, to provisioning,
to monitoring and optimizing, to ongoing governance and continued improvement.
• Resource pooling – which typically requires dynamically assigning different physical and virtual
resources based on customer demand using a multi-tenant model. This means dynamically
reallocating systems, storage, network bandwidth and applications based on user needs in a way
that makes the physical and geographical location of the resources invisible to the user.
• Rapid elasticity – so that resources can be quickly and easily provisioned based on demand.
• Measured service – so that Cloud services can be accurately accounted for and assessed in terms of
cost and value with transparency to both provider and consumer.
NIST also specifies three service models for Cloud computing:
• Software-as-a-Service (SaaS): Providers deliver applications to consumers (internal or external) over a
Cloud infrastructure typically accessed through a thin client interface, such as a Web browser.
• Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS): Here the provider offers both an underlying Cloud infrastructure and
application-related tools and resources such as programming languages to an internal or external
consumer.
• Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS): Providers deliver Cloud infrastructure support (systems/processing,
storage, networks, etc.) to support consumer (internal/external) requirements for running
applications and operating systems.
These service categories and characteristics suggest a number of benefits as well as challenges when
it comes to effective management – from provisioning, through operational management, retirement,
governance, planning and control.
In general, the survey respondents were strongly positive about Cloud-computing related benefits,
with 76% of those in deployment claiming real or measurable financial benefits from Cloud. Figure 1
highlights the most critical drivers for Cloud computing adoption. As you can see cost reduction (both
operational and capital) are dominant objectives, as well as increased flexibility and improved service quality
due to greater responsiveness to user demand and superior infrastructure resiliency. Among the most
dramatically achieved benefits, capex led opex savings, while improved service quality, freeing up human resources
and reducing complexity all scored high.
Figure 1: Cost savings and superior service delivery are among the top drivers for Cloud computing adoption. Better
than 75% of those respondents with actual Cloud adoptions reported measurable financial savings.
Figure 2: Organizational, political and process challenges typically outweigh purely technical challenges
in adopting Cloud computing services, but good management solutions can go a long way to providing
the foundation for dialog and problem solving needed for effective Cloud adoptions
While many IT organizations have struggled with the challenges Survey data shows that Cloud
of effectively partnering with external service providers, Cloud- adoptions often touch many
related or not, due to rigidity and lack of process-related clarity, organizations within IT, including
internal organizational challenges are often present as well. Survey data center, architecture,
data shows that Cloud adoptions often touch many organizations network operations, cross-
within IT, including data center, architecture, network operations, domain service management,
cross-domain service management, security, storage and others. security, storage and others.
Ensuring that these organizations work together effectively requires
superior management tools as well as more mature processes.
Security in multiple arenas (data protection, access control, regulatory compliance requirements, and
vulnerabilities to outside security threats) are top of mind in many IT organizations, as are fears that
service quality and service performance will decline once IT applications are dependent on more
dynamic and potentially more chaotic Cloud infrastructures.
Managing changes and keeping account of the values and costs of critical IT assets can also become
more problematic with Cloud. Another sometimes valid concern is that costs will go up, at least initially,
as IT organizations try to gauge and assess exactly what it will take organizationally and technically to
make their Cloud computing adoptions a success.
Workloads
One of the challenges that IT organizations often face once they get beyond toe-in-the-water
Cloud deployments is managing workloads in the context of broader application and other service
requirements. Workloads reflect specific processing requirements that can vary significantly based on
the sensitivity and complexity of the application service they support. For instance, a single application
service might have various software components resident on three separate physical servers or VMs
– an application server, a middleware server, and a database server, each of which represents separate
workload requirements. Understanding how to optimize these
workloads cannot be done on a per VM or per server basis.
Workloads reflect specific Knowing how and where relevant applications and application
processing requirements components reside across an entire application ecosystem (e.g.,
that can vary significantly DNS lookup or security services is required for many applications
based on the sensitivity and to function) is important for taking control of broader workload
complexity of the application issues. Web 2.0 application modularity multiplies these application
service they support. ecosystem complexities, as do Web Services-based SOA
implementations where requested services are at least partly
dynamic.
IT organizations will also want to decide which workloads are:
• Processing intensive – where strong batch processing requirements apply to support complex
application queries.
• Request intensive – workloads for highly interactive applications requiring fast response to many
multiple requests at once.
• Event-driven – workloads supporting application services that respond to often unpredictable
event streams.
• Multiple-application-dependent – workloads such as those where there are many application components
that need to function with collective precision to support a single business transaction. For instance
a loan processing application would typically require interactions across multiple databases, as well
as an outwardly facing application and orchestration or middleware component.
• Multiple VMs on a single server – Conversely, the same physical server may host VMs supporting
different application ecosystems, so that high demand for one could easily disrupt performance
on the other with no visible connection if the performance monitoring system cannot capture
virtual-to-physical interdependencies.
• Single user versus multi-user interdependent – many initial Cloud computing deployments have featured test
or development environments with single users. On the other hand, production level applications
support multiple users and carry with them far more complex operational demands.
• Business-critical, volume-critical, or security critical – workloads are as varied as the application
ecosystems and application components they support. Those which are very sensitive to business
competitiveness or security/compliance issues are often those with the greatest perceived barriers
to Cloud adoptions. Workloads subject to extremely high, unpredictable volumes on the other
hand can be natural targets for Cloud, where infrastructure resources can be dynamically reassigned
based on need.
• “Who will benefit most and how should I set their expectations?”
• “What technology requirements are necessary for initiating and managing my Cloud adoption?”
• “What process changes do I have to make within my IT organization to support Cloud deployments?”
• “What service providers, if any, make sense for phase one adoption and what T’s and C’s do I need in place to ensure
they’ll be true partners to me in supporting my Cloud requirements?”
• “What are the workloads associated with initial phase deployments and what are their processing requirements/
vulnerabilities?”
• “How do I know when I’m successful with phase one and ready to move on to phase two?”
In other words, prepare for Cloud adoption through creative planning, dialog and socialization with all
affected constituencies. Remember to include relevant executives and business and technical consumers.
One trick to keep in mind is to optimize where both need and enthusiasm levels are high, once you can
validate that your technology, process and organizational readiness can support your goals.
IBM Technologies to Support More Effective Planning
and Preparation for Cloud
If you don’t know what you have in terms of infrastructure If you don’t know what you
(physical and virtual), you will have no solid foundation for have in terms of infrastructure
planning and optimizing your Cloud investments. IBM’s solution (physical and virtual), you
set for supporting this includes three key product/ technology will have no solid foundation
areas: for planning and optimizing
Discovery: TADDM your Cloud investments.
Central to IBM’s discovery is Tivoli Application Discovery
and Dependency Manager (TADDM). TADDM is designed
to support effective discovery of interdependencies including application-to-application, application-
to-infrastructure and infrastructure-to-infrastructure, with support for both physical and virtual
infrastructures. This capability is central for optimizing how and where to plan to optimize workloads
as they impact business or IT services. TADDM can keep a current view of where and how physical
and virtual infrastructures can impact service performance, as well as supporting more effective
automation and compliance in managing change.
TADDM is designed to assimilate and reconcile other discovery sources such as, for instance, network
discovery from Netcool or from other third-party brands for physical and logical layer connectivity,
and has sensors to support VMware, Microsoft Hyper-V and PowerVM™ for virtualized systems.
TADDM’s proactive discovery delivers near-real-time visibility into Cloud-related and hybrid
configuration changes as they happen. TADDM’s Utilization sensors also support capacity planning
requirements by identifying underutilized servers for clustering or for optimizing hybrid and virtualized
environments.
TADDM works as a natural extension of IBM’s overarching architectural direction, with direct support
for its CCMDB, and its Common Data Model. This means that TADDM can automatically inter-
relate service impact issues to infrastructure and configuration changes, as under- and over-utilized
infrastructure components.
Figure 3: TSAM in advanced deployments delivers a rich matrix of people-to-people, machine-to-machine, and people-to-
machine automation to ensure that Cloud services are optimized, consistent, and compliant. (SLIDE 22 TSAM deck)
redundant Ethernet and Fibre Channel switch modules. CloudBurst also supports energy utilization
and management, backup and recovery, metering and accounting and has significantly expanded its
reporting options since its 2009 introduction.
CloudBurst is typically introduced with custom software and installation services.
Given the challenges of Cloud in terms of dynamic currency, often unpredictable infrastructure
complexities, and the need to optimize on a fluid, ongoing basis, IBM’s advanced investments in
Predictive Analytics can be a particularly powerful advantage. Predictive Analytics integrates with TBSM
and leverages a range of heuristics from self-learning and anomaly detection-oriented algorithms, to
trending, to rules-based event management, to Online Analytical Processing and data warehousing.
These capabilities can support IT and service provider organizations seeking to optimize Cloud on a
continual or ongoing basis across large and complex infrastructures.
The benefits of this type of visibility are manifold. It allows for capacity and resource planning,
portfolio and service planning, vendor management, and conversely vendor-enabled billing for
customers. Perhaps most importantly, it provides a foundation for IT and business executives to discuss
in consistent and meaningful dollars-and-cents terms how and why and at what cost IT services are
being used and so promote better communication between IT and the business it supports. This of
course paves the way for that elusive “holy grail” of superior business alignment.
Figure 4: Key metrics for optimizing Cloud services based on EMA research
centered in its Common Data Model, CCMDB, TADDM, provides a natural foundation for both
tactical Cloud optimization, and longer-term phased planning for Cloud services. IBM’s design point
offers strong support for integrating third-party applications, including competitor applications that
can be required to round-out visibility for governance and lifecycle management in many real-world
Cloud deployments.
EMA Perspective
Cloud computing can offer dramatic benefits in terms of cost savings, flexibility, backup and recovery,
and overall service delivery – but it also carries with it a number of explicit challenges. These include
the dynamic, unpredictable nature of Cloud infrastructures, the challenges of understanding workload
requirements both in and of themselves, and most importantly in service context, and the process,
technology and organizational challenges that arise from assimilating multiple dynamic services from a
wide variety of internal and external sources.
In order to meet these challenges, it’s important that IT organizations approach Cloud computing as a
resource rather than a goal in itself. This means understanding infrastructure and service management
requirements, as well as business priorities, and having clear and well-defined objectives for utilizing and
monitoring Cloud services for performance, compliance, usage and value. Otherwise IT organizations
run the risk of getting lost in a lot of fragmentary initiatives that may seem to bring quick and easy
value, but which in the end can lead to dangerous disruptions in both how IT works, and how it
supports its business and organizational customers.
IBM offers a uniquely well-balanced approach for assimilating
and optimizing Cloud computing in virtualized and hybrid IBM offers a uniquely well-
environments. IBM’s approach combines rich foundational balanced approach for
support in terms of discovery, application dependency mapping assimilating and optimizing
and CMDB/CMS-related service modeling with high levels of Cloud computing in virtualized
automation for provisioning and monitoring Cloud services, as and hybrid environments.
well as strong usage and accounting capabilities for assigning
value and costs. IBM’s capabilities are also enriched through
strong services and support that can help IT organizations better
appreciate how and where they are best positioned to begin with Cloud and how best to measure their
progress going forward. IBM’s strengths in understanding vertical industry requirements adds yet
another layer of value to its offerings, so that optimizing Cloud services for unique business models
can be more easily achieved.
IBM’s balance of services, business as well as technical acumen, and its well rounded portfolio should
serve as an example to the industry that Cloud computing is itself multi-faceted and as such requires a
strongly grounded multi-dimensional service management approach.
About IBM
International Business Machinesis a multinational computer technology and IT consulting corporation
headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. The company is one of the few information
technology companies with a continuous history dating back to the 19th century. IBM manufactures and
sells computer hardware and software (with a focus on the latter), and offers infrastructure services, hosting
services, and consulting services in areas ranging frommainframe computers to nanotechnology
IBM has been well known through most of its recent history as one of the world’s largest computer
companies and systems integrators. With over 350,000 employees worldwide, IBM is one of the largest
and most profitable information technology employers in the world. IBM holds more patents than any
other U.S. based technology company and has eight research laboratories worldwide. The company has
scientists, engineers, consultants, and sales professionals in over 170 countries.
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