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aggregate (adj)
Gathered into or amounting to a 2. adversely (adv) 1. abandon (v,n)
whole.
In a harmful way; negatively desert, leave behind
It is impossible to judge last year's
performance without knowing the Excessive rainfall early in the spring To save their lives, the sailors had to
aggregate sales numbers can adversely affect the planting of abandon the sinking ship
crops
(adj + v + n) tập hợp lại, toàn bộ (v) từ bỏ, bỏ rơi; (n) sự phóng túng,
(adv) bất lợi buông thả
5. fertilize (v)
6. intensify (v) 4. cultivation (n)
To supply with nourishment for plants
To increase in power; to act with Preparing the land to grow crops;
by adding helpful substances to the
increased strength improvement for agricultural purposes
soil
Jacob's long absence intensified his With the development of land
This farm fertilizes tomatoes more
certainty that he should marry Rose cultivation, hunters and gatherers
than any other crop.
were able to settle in one place
Tăng cường, làm mạnh thêm, làm
(v) thụ phấn, thụ tinh, làm cho phì
sâu sắc thêm, (nhiếp ảnh) làm nổi lên (n) cày cấy, trồng trọt, nuôi dưỡng
nhiêu
9. photosynthesis (n)
7. irrigation (n)
The process by which green plants 8. obtain (v)
make their own food by combining The supplying of water to dry land
To gain possession of; to get
water,salts,and carbon dioxide in the
In dry areas of the country, you can
presence of light. After a series of difficult interviews, he
see ditches all over the farmland for
finally was able to obtain the job
Oxygen is a by-product of the irrigation
process of photosynthesis. Đạt được, giành được, vẫn tồn tại
(n) sự tưới, sự rửa
Sự quang hợp
24. feature (n) Part, characteristic 22. diverse (a) Various;showing a lot
23. evolve (v) To develop/ come forth
The best feature of this car is its of differences within a group
heated seats. Modern-day sharks evolved from
India is one of the most linguistically
their ancestor Eros, which lived more
Usage tips Feature is often followed diverse countries in the world.
than 200 million years ago.
by of. Usage tips An -ly adverb
Usage tips Evolve is often followed
(n) Đặc trưng, nét mặt, tranh biếm (e.g.,linguistically) often comes before
by into or from
họa đặc biệt, tiết mục chủ chốt diverse
Tiến hóa, tiến triển, suy ra, phát ra
(v) mô tả, vẽ, đề cao, chiếu phim Gồm nhiều loại/ thay đổi khác nhau
30.survive (v) To continue living 29.process (n) A series of steps 28. physical (a) Related to the body;
(despite some danger or illness) leading to a result related to materials that can be seen
or felt (thuộc tự nhiên, vật chất, thân
After getting lost in the mountains, To get a good job, most people go thể, thuộc bạo lực)
Gordon survived by eating wild through a long process of letter-
plants and catching fish. writing and interviews. Because of the shape of its throat, an
ape does not have the physical
Usage tips Survive is often followed Usage tips Process is often followed ability to speak.
by a phrase with by by of plus the -ing form of a verb
The mountains form a physical barrier
Sống qua được, tồn tại (n) quy trình (v) xử lí, kiện, diễu hành Usage tips Physical before noun
153. erudite (Adj) Highly educated 152. distinctly (Adv) 151. curriculum (Noun)
Even though Stella was only a Clearly The courses of study offered by an
freshman,she was considered erudite educational institution
by both her classmates and her I distinctly remember saying that we
The teachers met to design a new
professors would meet at noon curriculum for the Intensive English
An erudite lecture Program
có hoặc bộc lộ học vấn sâu rộng; các môn học trong 1 khoá or được
riêng biệt; rõ ràng, rành mạch, minh
uyên bác; thông thái dạy ở 1 trường; chương trình dạy
bạch, rõ rệt
159. secular (Adj + Noun) 158. roster (Noun + Verb) 157. rigor (Noun)
Worldly rather than spiritual;not A list,especially of names trictness;difficult situations that come
related to religion from following rules strictly
Two of the names on the roster were
Few private schools in the US are misspelled. The wrestler followed his diet with
secular/ Secular clergy/Secular music rigor.
thế tục; thuộc thế giới trần tục, không The rigors of military life toughened
bảng kê tên với nhiệm vụ phải thực
thiêng liêng, cổ, muôn thuở, trăm the young men quickly
hiện & thời gian thực hiện; bảng phân
năm một lần/ (n) giáo sĩ thế tục
công/ (v) đưa vào bảng phân công Nghiêm khắc, khắc nghiệt, khó khăn
263. bureaucratic (adj) quan liêu 262. ascertain (v) To make sure of
264. condemn (v) The police failed to ascertain that the
Related to a large organization with a lot
To speak out against something in of complicated procedures man they arrested was the Gregory
very strong terms Brown they were really looking for.
Before I could speak with the chief, I
Religious radicals condemned the had to go through a bureaucratic Usage tips Ascertain is often
government for allowing alcohol to be runaround of identity checks and written followed by a that clause. Notice that
sold in restaurants. requests. the root of the word is the adjective
certain, meaning “sure.”
(v) kết án, kết tội, xử phạt Usage tips implies that something is
inefficient and unnecessarily complicated. (v) biết chắc, xác định chắc chắn
(adv) bất cần đạo lý (n) sự đút lót, ăn hối lộ; mua chuộc (prep) chống lại, đấu với.
Relatives
Things passed down to you from your A direct relative in a later generation
ancestors (such as one’s son, daughter, or
Even though my uncle didn’t really like grandchild)
me, he was kind to me because we Billy Sisisky claimed to be a
were kin. My inheritance from my grandmother descendant of Jan Sisisky, a former
included her favorite necklace. king of Poland.
(v) của thừa kế, gia tài, di sản (n) con cháu, hậu duệ, người nối dõi
(n) dòng họ; họ hàng
350. vitriolic (adj) Showing an 349. stigmatize (v) mark with visible
351. adolescent (a, n) extreme, hateful anger features making people think,
perhaps incorrectly, that sb/sth is
Characteristic of a teenager; not fully The mayor’s vitriolic attacks against
wrong
grown up the city council only made him sound
unreasonable. Cadbury’s beard and tattoos
In policy meetings, George refuses to Usage tips Origin of vitriolic is “vitriol” stigmatized him as a bad match for
reason with anyone and just scowls in a strong chemical that could cause Wall Street, so he couldn’t find work
an adolescent way. painful burns. as a financial analyst
sunfuric; chua cay, thâm độc Làm nổi tính cách xấu/bêu xấu; đóng
sắt nung vào (người nô lệ)
354. delinquency
352. cause (n)
Serious misbehavior; not doing what 353. conflict (v-n)
one should do A political or social goal that one
To fit so poorly together that the believes is right and works to achieve
Because of his laziness and differences cause a problem
delinquency, Lefty was an unreliable
A teenager’s need for security can Our river cleanup effort would be more
friend
effective if someone famous spoke out
conflict with his desire for
Usage tips A common combination is for the cause.
juvenile delinquency, meaning independence from his family.
“criminal behavior by a teenager.”
In a way that accuses other people of Excessively interested in seeking Edge; in social contexts, parts of
weaknesses pleasure society that look or act very different
that the speaker also possesses from most people
Suddenly wealthy, Allen fell into a
Henry spent $2,500 on a new suit and hedonistic life of parties, expensive Punk music got its start at the fringe
then hypocritically accused me of dinners, and heavy drinking. of London’s rock music culture.
spending too much on clothes
Usage tips Hedonistic usually implies Usage tips Fringe implies an edge
that the pleasures are wrong. that is uneven and not very solid.
359. Rebel v.
358. manipulation n
360. status quo n To go against an established
system or authority Quietly moving or influencing people
The systems and conditions that exist The people of Ghurdia rebelled or things in
now against the dictator and set up a order to get what you want
Let’s just maintain the status quo until new government.
Bob’s manipulation of the boss’s
we can think of a better way.
Usage tips Rebel works well in feelings led to his promotion
political contexts and in contexts of
personal relationships
363.conflict (V) 362. Cause (N) 361. adolescent (adj)
To fit so poorly together that the A political or social goal that one Characteristic of a teenager; not fully
differences cause a problem believes is right and works to achieve grown up
A teenager’s need for security can Our river cleanup effort would be more In policy meetings, George refuses to
conflict with his desire for inde- effective if someone famous spoke out reason with anyone and just scowls in
pendence from his family. for the cause. an adolescent way.
Đối lập, trái ngược Sự nghiệp Thuộc hoặc tiêu biểu thời thanh niên
396. improvisation (N) 395. hilarious (Adj) 394. Gala. (Adj) Expensive,
elaborately arranged, and full of
Inventing a solution to an unexpected Very funny celebration
problem
In my opinion, the most hilarious A college graduation party should be
Boy Scouts take pride in their character on television was Basil a gala affair, not a backyard
improvisation when faced with Faulty. barbecue.
trouble during a camping trip. Usage tips Gala is somewhat old-
Hài hước
fashioned, far more common in print
Sự ứng biến than in speech
Đắt tiền
399. skit (N) 398. medium (N) 397. incompetent (Adj)
A channel or way for a meaning to be Unskilled; lacking the ability to
A short, informal play
expressed perform a task
Marine and Chris spent a long time Because we hired an incompetent
practicing their skit for the school Watercolor art is often considered builder to replace our roof, we now
show. childish, but some artists have have leaks everywhere.
achieved great things working in that
Vở kịch ngắn, trào phúng Usage tips Usually, incompetent
medium. implies that someone tries to do
Phương tiện Không có năng lực
careless, rash retreat, go back, subside, withdraw Unfortunately, Tom’s zeal to become
a rock star distracted him from his
bất cẩn, vội vàng, hấp tấp lùi lại, rút lui, rút lại studies.
Usage tips Zeal is often followed by
to plus a verb or by a for phrase.