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y 3 Essays (40 minutes on each essay)

y ›ategories
 ‘rose
y n rare occasions a complete short story.
 ‘oetry
y ›omparison of Two ‘oems.
 ¦ree Response
y Ôtudents chose a work.
y ëse Ôentence ‘atterns
y ëse Transitions
y Essay Responses
y efore writing look for͙
 ›entral Themes
 0eanings
 Ôocial/Historical Values Relevant to the literary work
y £n writing use your knowledge to constructively criticize͙
 Ôtructure
 Ôtyle
 £magery
 Ôymbolism
 Tone
 ¦igurative Language
y 0ultiple ›hoice (60 0inutes)
y ased on five selections of English Literature written from 16th ›entury to the present.
 Two of the selections are shorter with fewer questions.
y Represent three of four different periods, and typically include the work
of a a 


 

 Ôhort ‘oem by a metaphysical poet of the early seventeenth century such as
George Hebert.
y George writes religious based poems. They are characterized by
directness of expression and some conceits, exaggerated metaphors,
which can appear quaint. 0any of the poems have intricate rhyme
schemes, and variations of lines within stanzas described as 'a cascade
of form floats through the temple'.
 ‘rose ‘assage from an eighteenth-century writer like Henry ¦ielding.
y He was known for his rich earthy humor and satirical prowess.
Authoritative person. He often writes about with fraud, sham, and
masks.
  A prose selection from a nineteenth-century Victorian novelist like ›harlotte
ronte or Nathanial Hawthorne.
y ›harlotte ronte
à Her book had sparked a movement in regards to feminism in
literature. The main character, Jane Eyre, in her novel ·
,
was a parallel to herself, a woman who was strong. Ôtrong
woman.
y Nathanial Hawthorne
à Lived in a transcendentalist community for a little while. He
created works of ‘uritan inspiration ie. Ôcarlet Letter. His
themes often center on the inherent evil and sin of humanity,
and his works often have moral messages and deep
psychological complexity.
 A poem by a modern American poet like Gwendolyn rooks.
y Ôhe is a black woman. Her father was a runaway slave who fought in
the ›ivil War. Although her poems range in style from traditional
ballads and sonnets to using blues rhythms in free verse, her characters
are often drawn from the poor inner city.
y Evaluation the poems they give you:
1. What is the dramatic situation?
a. Who is the speaker? £s the speaker male or female? Where is he or she?
When does the poem take place? What are the circumstances? asically
this is what the setting is.
2. What is the structure of the poem?
a. What are the parts of the poem and how are they related to each other?
What gives the poem its coherence (unity)? What are the structural
divisions of the poem?
i. ‘unctuation helps with this. Really think about the logic of the
poem. Does the poem ask questions and answer them, or develop
and argument?
3. What is the theme of the poem?
a. This is the main point that the poem is trying to convey. When a poem is
complex a multiple choice writer won͛t make a question asking for a single
theme or meaning.
4. Are the grammar and meaning clear?
a. e mindful of the way words are placed. Ôometimes a direct object comes
before the subject and the verb.
5. What are important images and figures of speech?
a. What are the important literal sensory objects, the images, such as a field of
poppies or a stench of corruption? What are the similes and metaphors of
the poem? Are there patterns amongst these images?
 6. What are the most important single words used in the poem?
a. Diction. ësually nouns and verbs, adjectives and adverbs are the keys to the
poem.
7. What is the tone of the poem?
a. Tone sometimes means the mood or atmosphere of a work or it can mean a
manner of speaking, a tone of voice. When an author͛s attitude is different
than that of the speaker, as it is in ironic works, the tone of voice of the
speaker may be very different from the satiric tone of the work. This means
the author disapproves of the speaker. Not really a common multiple
choice answer because it is very complex.
8. What literary devices does the poem employ?
a. The list of rhetorical devises that a writer may use is enormous. 0etaphor,
simile, and personification.
9. What is the prosody of the poem?
a. Rhyme, meter, and sound effects of poetry. ‘robably only 1-2 multiple
choice questions about this.
y 0ultiple ›hoice ‘oetry Questions:
à Questions on dramatic situation:
 Who is speaking?
 Where is she?
 To whom is the poem addressed?
 Who is the speaker in lines 5-8?
 Where does the poem take place?
 At what time of the year does the poem take place?
à Questions on structure:
 How are stanzas 1 and 2 related to stanza 3?
 What word in line 20 refers back to an idea used in lines 5, 10, and 15?
 Which of the following divisions of the poem best represents its structure?
à Questions on theme:
 Which of the following best sums up the meaning of stanza 2?
 With which of the following is the poem centrally concerned?
 The poet rejects the notion of an indifferent universe because͙
à Questions on grammar and meaning of words:
 Which of the following best defines the word ͞glass͟ as it is used in line 29?
 To which of the following does the word ͞which͟ in line 7 refer?
 The verb ͞had done͟ may best be paraphrased as͙
à Questions on diction:
 Which of the following words is used to suggest the poet͛s dislike of winter?
 The poet͛s use of the word ͞air͟ in line 8 is to indicate͙
 The poet͛s delight in the garden is suggested by all of the following words
EX›E‘T͙
à Questions on tone, literary devices, and metrics:
  The tone of the poem (or stanza) can best be described as͙
 The meter of the last line in each stanza is͙
y Analyzing ‘rose:
1. Genre
a. ¦rom what kind of a work is the selection taken? £s it fiction or nonfiction?
0ost genres will probably be fiction, in this case, focus on characters. £f it is
non-fiction, it will focus on an issue, idea, or on the narrator.
2. Narrator
a. Always be aware of who is speaking and what his or her attitudes are
toward the characters or the subject of the passage. Who, where, when,
why, and to whom.
3. Ôubject
a. ¦igure out what the purpose of the passage is. £s it to present an argument
or to introduce a character? To persuade, to entertain, to stir to action?
4. Ôtructure
a. Range from a single long paragraph, to ten short paragraphs. x







 



5. Ôtyle

a. Ôtyle is determined by diction, imagery, figurative language, and syntax.
Also rhetoric (language or expression, use of words to persuade or influence
a reader) of the passage.

y 0ultiple ›hoice for ‘rose:

à Questions on situation and content:

 The main subject of the passage is͙

 The primary distinction made in the first paragraph is between͙

à Questions on meaning of words or phrases:

 As it is used in line 2, the word x can be best understood to mean͙

 The phrase xyz is best understood to mean͙

à Questions on grammar:

 £n line 12, the antecedent of ͞it͟ is͙

à Questions on diction:

 The speaker͛s choice of verbs in the paragraph is to stress the͙

à Questions on figurative language:

 The comparison in lines 1 to 3 compares͙

 The analogy of the second paragraph compares͙

à Questions on structure:

 The transitions from the first to the second and the second to the third
paragraph are dependent upon͙

à Questions on literary techniques:

 £n the third paragraph, the description of the cat on roller skates is an example
of͙

 All of the following phrases are paradoxes EX›E‘T͙

 à Questions on rhetoric:

 The rhetorical phrase of lines 1-6 is to͙

 The argument of the passage can best be described as progressing from͙

à Questions on tone:

 The tone of the passage may be described as͙

 £n discussing x in the second paragraph, the speaker adopts a tone of͙

y EÔÔAY WR£T£NG:

à pening thesis

à ody paragraphs

à ›apping statement (no need for a full conclusion paragraph)

à Remember themes like:

 Appearance vs. Reality

 Disruption of Natural rder

à How to go about answering the questions:

 Determine EXA›TLY what the essay is asking.

 *
 x
xcx
x


à Talk about:

 Ôyntax-Word rder

 0ood-¦eeling created in the reader.

 Tone-Attitude

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y £mportant things to help enhance essay writing:
y Types of ‘hilosophy:
 Aesthetics
y Deals with beauty, art, enjoyment, sensory-emotional values,
perception, and matters of taste and sentiment.
 Ethics
y What is ethical? Also known as "moral philosophy", is concerned
primarily with the question of the best way to live, and secondarily,
concerning the question of whether this question can be answered.
 0etaphysics
y What is the definition of life? £s the study of the nature of reality,
including the relationship between mind and body, substance and
accident, events and causation.
 ‘olitical
y What actions are permissible? What is good? And how should people
live? The difference between right and wrong. £t is often linked with
Ethics.
 Epistemology
 y £s concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, and whether
knowledge is possible.
y Tips/Reminders:
y Write with good grammar.
y ëse semi-colons.
y 0ark up whatever they give you to read.
y No title needed on essay, so don͛t spend time making one.
y Ômall quotes are good, but do not restate lines.
y Talk about diction, individual words.