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Basic separation
Separation efficiency
Q 100
50
Inlet
0
Outlet Q
Separation efficiency
100
W
A
50
0
A
Separation efficiency is proportional
to settling area and inversely to Q
Basic separation. 2
Gravity separation
Q = Vg • A
Q
Q = Throughput capacity, m3 /s
vg = Gravitational settling velocity, m/s
Inlet A = Settling area (l • w), m2
Outlet
Separation efficiency
100
W
A 50
0
Q
Basics
• Flow rate
• Settling area
• Settling velocity
Basic separation. 4
Density difference
Oil droplet
Density < 1000 kg/m3
Continuous water phase
Density ~ 1000 kg/m3
Solid particle
Density > 1000 kg/m3
Basic separation. 5
Improving separation
Increased efficiency.
Continuous gravity Enlarged settling area by
separation vessel means of buffer plates
Basic separation. 6
Conventional separator
= a TANK
Basic separation. 7
Conventional separator
• With liquid
Basic separation. 8
Conventional separator
Basic separation. 9
Conventional separator
Basic separation. 10
Conventional separator
U- tube
Basic separation. 11
Conventional separator
U- tube
Basic separation. 12
Conventional separator
U- tube
Basic separation. 13
Conventional separator
• Static separation of oil / water and
solids
Density
difference
Oil Water
Column Column
height height U- tube
I Svedberg / 02 09 12 Page 14
BASICPURTHEORY.PPT
Basic separation. 14
Conventional separator
• Static separation
”Fixed Oil surface level weir” = The Level ring
” Oil surface
level weir”
Fixed
U- tube
Basic separation. 15
Conventional separator
• Static separation
”Fixed Oil surface level weir” = The Level ring
” Oil surface
level weir”
Fixed
Adjustable
”Density
weir”
Adjustable height
”Density weir”
= The
Gravity disc
U- tube
Basic separation. 16
Conventional separator
G force
Basic separation. 17
Conventional separator
• Turning the
tank
Basic separation. 18
Conventional separator
Basic separation. 19
Conventional separator
Centrifugal Force
Basic separation. 20
Conventional separator
• Gravity Disc
• Level Ring
• Rotation of the
tank • Solids out
Basic separation. 21
Separation principles
# 1: SEPARATOR arranged for PURIFICATION
WATER OUTLET
NOTE !
Water Outlet is Closed
Separation principles
Purifier
= Continuous cleaning of oils with max.
density 991 Kg/m3 / 15oC
“Dewatering of oils”
Clarifier
= Continuous removal of solids from oils.
Water removal is limited
“Polishing of oils”
Basic separation. 24
Separator applications
Basic separation. 25
Soot, ash
Acids
Blow by
Other combustion
products
Wear
Oil refill
Cu Pb
Fe
CaSo
4 Cr Sn
Calcium Sulfate
Calcium carbonate
Basic separation. 26
The disc stack
Basic separation. 27
FLOW
7000 G
0,5 mm
Basic separation. 28
Flow between discs
• A pipe.
• Between discs
Basic separation. 29
1
2
1: G-Forces
2: Flow
Basic separation. 30
Flow between discs
Basic separation. 31
Basic separation. 32
Flow between discs
Basic separation. 33
Purifier bowl
Oil inlet
Clean Oil outlet
Gravity Disc
Top disc
Interface
Sludge outlet
Basic separation. 34
Clarifier bowl
Oil inlet
Clean Oil outlet
Clarifier Disc
Top disc
Sludge outlet
Basic separation. 35
Purifier
Factors affecting
interface position: 1
Basic separation. 36
Purifier
Factors affecting
interface position: 2
- Oil in Water outlet
• Gravity disc too big = broken Water seal
• Density of oil increase
• Viscosity of oil increase
Interface moving
• Flow rate increase towards periphery
• Temperature of oil
decrease
• Disc stack dirty
Basic separation. 37
Correct G-disc
Basic separation. 38
Separation Efficiency
Separation efficiency
Separator Filter
Particles < 4 µm 65-85 5-10
Cat fines 60-90 ~5
Iron 40-60 ~5
Sodium 40-50 <5
Basic separation. 40
Separation efficiency
Separation efficiency
Basic separation. 43
Basic separation. 44
Cat-fines distribution
Basic separation. 45
Separation efficiency
Basic separation. 46
Separation efficiency
Basic separation. 47
Separation efficiency
Basic separation. 48
Separation efficiency
Basic separation. 49
Stokes’ Law
Applied on centrifugal separation
Basic separation. 50
Stokes’ Law
And efficiency
Separation
efficiency
+
Basic separation. 51
Separation efficiency
Basic separation. 52
Separation efficiency
NOTE :
All MAPX type separators and All MOPX / WHPX type
separators from before 1984/85 have a density
limit around 985 kg / m³ at 15⁰C
Basic separation. 53
Separation efficiency
Basic separation. 54
Limitations
Density limit =
⁰C
991 Kg / m3 / 15⁰
Viscosity limit =
600 cSt/ 50⁰⁰C
Basic separation. 55
Normal setup:
Purifier to Clarifier
Purifier Clarifier
Basic separation. 56
Emergency setup:
High density oil
Clarifier Clarifier
Basic separation. 57
Emergency setup:
High cat fines in oil
Purifier Purifier
Basic separation. 58
Advice:
Good instructions!
Normal handling and in crices.
Advice: