1994

Intel chips powered almost 75 percent of all 2005

desktop computers. 2001 Dual-core technology was introduced.
1972
The Intel® 4004 processor, Intel’s The Itanium® processor is the first
1976 in a family of 64-bit products
first microprocessor, powered the

The Revolution Begins The Revolution Continues

An operator in an early bunnysuit shows how a 4-inch from Intel and is designed for
Busicom calculator and paved the
wafer is prepared for a positive acid spin. 1982 high-end, enterprise-class
way for the personal computer.
Within 6 years of its release, an estimated servers and workstations.
15 million 286-based personal computers
were installed around the world.

Throughout history, new and improved technologies Intel continues to deliver on the promise of Moore’s
have transformed the human experience. In the 20th 1995
2006
Law with the introduction of powerful multi-core
Intel launched four processors for servers
century, the pace of change sped up radically as we Released in the fall of 1995, the Intel® Pentium® Pro
processor was designed to fuel 32-bit server and
under the Xeon 5300 brand, and another
processor under the Core 2 Extreme
technologies, transforming the way we live, work,
workstation applications, enabling fast computer-aided
entered the computing age. For nearly 40 years design, mechanical engineering and scientific
computation.
series for high performance computing.
These "quad-core" processors show
improved performance over others with
and play once again.
Intel innovations have continuously created new just one or two processing cores.

possibilities in the lives of people around the world. 1989

The National Academy of Engineering
1975 named the microprocessor one of ten
The Altair 8800 microcomputer, based outstanding engineering achievements
on the Intel® 8080 microprocessor, was 1981 for the advancement of human welfare. 1998
the first successful home or personal The Intel® 8088 microprocessor was The Intel® Pentium II Xeon 2003
computer. processors feature technical Intel® Centrino® mobile technology brought 2007
selected to power the IBM PC. In the second half of 2007, Intel began production
innovations specifically designed for high performance, enhanced battery life,
workstations and servers that utilize and integrated WLAN capability to thinner, of the next generation Intel® Core™2 and Xeon
demanding business applications. lighter PCs. processor families based on 45-nanometer (nm)
Hi-k metal gate silicon technology.

Moore’s Law
In 1965, Intel co-founder Gordon Moore predicted that
the number of transistors on a chip would double about
every two years. Since then, Moore’s Law has fueled a
technology revolution as Intel has exponentially increased
the number of transistors integrated into it processors Intel® 4004 processor Intel® 8008 processor Intel® 8080 processor Intel® 8086 processor Intel® 8088 processor Intel® 286 processor Intel386™ processor Intel486™ processor Intel® Pentium® processor Intel® Pentium® Pro processor Intel® Pentium® II processor Intel® Pentium® III processor Intel® Pentium® 4 processor Intel® Pentium® M processor Intel® Itanium® 2 processor Intel® Pentium® D processor Intel® Core™ 2 Duo processor Dual-Core Intel® Itanium® 2 processor 9000 series Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processor Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processor (Penryn)
Dual-Core Intel® Xeon® processor (Penryn)
for greater performance and energy efficiency. Introduced 1971 Introduced 1972 Introduced 1974 Introduced 1978 Introduced 1979 Introduced 1982 Introduced 1985 Introduced 1989 Introduced 1993 Introduced 1995 Intel® Pentium II Xeon® processor Intel® Pentium® III Xeon® processor Introduced 2000 Introduced - 2002 Introduced 2002 Introduced 2005 Intel® Core™2 Extreme processor Introduced 2006 Quad-Core Intel® Core™2 Extreme processor
Introduced 2006 Quad-Core Intel® Core™2 Extreme processor (Penryn)
Initial clock speed Initial clock speed Initial clock speed Initial clock speed Initial clock speed Initial clock speed Initial clock speed Initial clock speed Initial clock speed Initial clock speed Introduced 1997 Introduced 1999 Intel® Xeon® processor Initial Clock Speed Initial clock speed Initial clock speed Dual-Core Intel® Xeon® processor Initial clock speed
Intel® Core™2 Quad processors Introduced 2007
Initial clock speed Initial clock speed Introduced 2001 Introduced 2006
Note: Number of transistors is an approximate number.
108 KHz 500-800 KHz 2 MHz 5 MHz 5 MHz 6 MHz 16 MHz 25 MHz 66 MHz 200 MHz 300 MHz 500 MHz
Initial clock speed
1.7 GHz 1 GHz 3.2 GHz Initial clock speed
1.66 GHz Introduced 2007 Initial clock speed

Number of transistors Number of transistors Number of transistors Number of transistors Number of transistors Number of transistors Number of transistors Number of transistors Number of transistors Number of transistors
Number of transistors Number of transistors 1.5 GHz Number of transistors Number of transistors Number of transistors
2.93 GHz Number of transistors
Initial clock speed

2.66 GHz > 3 GHz

2,300 3,500 4,500 29,000 29,000 134,000 275,000 1,200,000 3,100,000 5,500,000 7,500,000 9,500,000 Number of transistors 55,000,000 220,000,000 291,000,000 Number of transistors 1,720,000,000 Number of transistors

Manufacturing technology Manufacturing technology Manufacturing technology Manufacturing technology Manufacturing technology Manufacturing technology Manufacturing technology Manufacturing technology Manufacturing technology Manufacturing technology
Manufacturing technology Manufacturing technology 42,000,000 Manufacturing technology Manufacturing technology Manufacturing technology
291,000,000 Manufacturing technology
Number of transistors

582,000,000 820,000,000
Manufacturing Technology

10µ 10µ 6µ 3µ 3µ 1.5µ 1.5µ 1µ 0.8µ 0.6µ 0.25µ 0.18µ Manufacturing technology 90nm 0.13µ 65nm Manufacturing technology 90nm 45nm
Manufacturing technology

0.18µ 65nm
Manufacturing technology

65nm 45nm

The groundbreaking Intel® 4004
processor was introduced with
the same computing power
as ENIAC.
The Intel® 8008 processor was
twice as powerful as the Intel®
4004 processor.
The Intel® 8080 processor The Intel® 8086 processor was
made video games and home the first 16 bit processor and
computers possible. delivered about ten times the
performance of its predecessors.
A pivotal sale to IBM's new personal
computer division made the Intel®
8088 processor the brains of IBM's
new hit product--the IBM PC.
The Intel® 286 was the first The Intel386™ processor could run multiple The Intel486™ introduced the integrated The Intel® Pentium® processor, executing The Pentium® Pro processor delivered The Intel® Pentium® II processor’s significant The Intel® Pentium® III processor executed The Intel® Pentium® 4 processor The Intel® Pentium® M processor, the Intel® The Intel® Itanium® 2 processor is the The Intel® Pentium® D processor features Intel® Core™2 Duo processor optimizes Dual-Core Intel® Itanium® 2 processor 9000 series The unprecedented performance of the Intel® Intel’s next generation Intel® Core™2 processor
Intel processor that could software programs at once and featured floating point unit. This generation of 112 million commands per second, allowed more performance than previous performance improvement over previous Internet Streaming SIMD Extensions, ushers in the advent of the 855 chipset family, and the Intel® successor of the first Itanium processor. the first desktop duel-core design with two mobile microarchitecture of the Intel® outperforms the earlier, single-core version of the Core™2 Quad processor is made possible by each family, codenamed "Penryn", contains
run all the software written 275,000 transistors—more than 100 times computers really allowed users to go from computers to more easily incorporate "real generation processors through an Intel-Architecture processors was based on extended the concept of processor nanotechnology age. PRO/Wireless 2100 network connection are The architecture is based on Explicitly Parallel complete processor cores, that each run at Pentium® M processor and enhanced it Itanium 2 processors. With more than 1.7 billion of the four complete execution cores delivering industry-leading microarchitecture
for its predecessor. as many as the original Intel® 4004. a command level computer into point and world" data such as speech, sound, innovation called Dynamic Execution. the seamless combination of the P6 identification and utilized multiple the three components of Intel® Centrino® Instruction Computing (EPIC). It is theoretically the same speed, in one physical package. with many microarchitecture innovations. transistors and with two execution cores, these the full power of Intel Core microarchitecture. enhancements. Further, new SSE4 instructions
click computing. handwriting and photographic images. This made possible the advanced 3D microarchitecture and Intel MMX media low-power states to conserve power processor technology. Intel® Centrino® capable of performing roughly 8 times more Intel® Centrino® Pro and Intel® vPro™ processors double the performance of previous The Quad-Core Intel® Xeon® processor provides for improved video, imaging, and 3D content
visualization and interactive capabilities. enhancement technology. during idle times. processor technology was designed work per clock cycle than other CISC and RISC processor technology provide excellent Itanium processors while reducing average power 50 percent greater performance than industry- performance and new power management
specifically for portable computing. architectures. performance from the Dual-Core Intel® consumption. leading Dual-Core Intel® Xeon® processor in the features will extend “Penryn” processor family
Core™2 Duo processor. same power envelope. The quad-core-based leadership in performance and energy efficiency.
servers enable more applications to run with a
smaller footprint.