Notes - Chapter 16

AP U.S. History
Reform Movements of the 1800s
religion
liberal theology
Deism
belief in a Supreme Being
Christ is not divine
Franklin and Jefferson
Unitarianism
God is One
God is a Loving Father
Holy Trinity doesn’t exist
conservative reaction-the pendulum swings back
Second Great Awakening
camp revivals
Hellfire and Damnation
thousands come to God
causes Americans to examine their conscience
basis of reform movements of this period
abolitionism
women’s suffrage
temperance
treatment of the Indians
treatment of the mentally ill
increases class and sectional divisions
wealthy, established churches in the East
Episcopalians/Congregationalists/Presbyterians/Unitarians
poorer, more evangelical churches located in the South and West
slavery splits denominations along North/South lines
Northern and Southern Methodists
Northern and Southern Baptists
Northern and Southern Presbyterians
birth of new religious sects
Mormons
Joseph Smith received Book of Mormoni (1830)
Group is very unpopular with contemporaries
communal attitude
vote as a block
polygamy
Smith and brother lynched Carthage, Illinois (1844)
Brigham Young
Mormon migration (1846-1847)
Reform movements of the early 19th Century
public education
insurance against an ignorant electorate
educated workforce is more productive
public education gains greater acceptance in the North
South will lag behind for years
education is more private
Horace Mann
 William McGuffey
McGuffey Reader
higher education
first state Universities (North Carolina 1795)
women discourage from seeking post-secondary education
Emma Willard establishes Oberin College
Mary Lyon establishes Mount Holyoke Seminary
reform of treatment for the mentally ill
Dorthea Dix
Temperance Movement
American Temperance Society founded in Boston (1826)
Demon Rum
Neal S. Dow
“Father of Prohibition”
legislated teetotaling is a bust
(can morality be legislated?)
Women’s movement
Victorian attitudes
Women are put on a pedestal for admiration
the weaker sex / delicate flowers to gentle for such a rough world
Cult of Domesticity
woman’s place is in the home
raise children (primary caregiver)
manage the household
Lucretia Mott
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Susan B. Anthony
National Women’s Suffrage Association
Seneca Falls Conference (1848)
Declaration of Sentiments
equality with men
female suffrage
Utopian movement
basis for an ideal society
first communes
Oneida Community
Free Love (open marriage)
birth control
eugenic selection
Oneida Community Silverplate
flatware
Scientific achievement
borrow and adapt European discoveries
John J. Audobon
naturalist/environmentalist/ornithologist
Audobon Society
Artistic and literary achievement
Painting
European impressionsist movement in full swing
American painters in the American Romantic Period
Hudson River School
Landscapes, use of light and shadow
Doughty/Durand/Cole/Inness
Literature
Transcendental poets
Ralph Waldo Emerson
 Henry David Thoreau
Waldon, Or Life in the Woods
On the Duty of Civil Disobedience
Ghandi/MLK
America’s first hippie
war protestor
tax protester
refused to fund the Mexican War
Walt Whitman
Leaves of Grass
free verse
Birth of a national literary movement
Washington Irving
Knickerbocker’s History of New York
Legend of Sleepy Hollow
Rip Van Winkle
James Fennimore Cooper
Leatherstocking Tales
Natty Bumppo
Last of the Mohicans
Herman Melville
Moby Dick
Billy Budd
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Scarlet Letter
Louisa May Alcott
Little Women
Edgar Allen Poe
Telltale Heart
Fall of the House of Usher
Cask of Amontillado
The Raven
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
“Song of Hiawatha”
“Courtship of Miles Standish”