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19-2080
Thrombophilies constitutionnelles
I Elalamy
Mots-clés : thrombophilie, déficit, facteur V Leiden, protéine C, protéine S, antithrombine, facteur II,
thrombose veineuse.
Toute référence à cet article doit porter la mention : Elalamy I. Thrombophilies constitutionnelles. Encycl Méd Chir (Editions Scientifiques et Médicales Elsevier SAS, Paris, tous droits réservés), Angéiologie, 19-2080, 2002,
6 p.
19-2080 Thrombophilies constitutionnelles Angéiologie
2
Angéiologie Thrombophilies constitutionnelles 19-2080
littérature [7, 12]. Une récente étude cas-contrôle a montré qu’il existe
Tableau III. – Risque de thrombose veineuse et taux plasmatique de une corrélation étroite et inverse entre la concentration
facteur VIII (d’après [27]).
intraérythrocytaire de méthylfolate et le risque thrombotique [36]. Il
Risque relatif apparaît que le déséquilibre du cycle de reméthylation de
Facteur VIII
Patients n (%) Témoins n (%) (odds-ratio l’homocystéine engendre une hyperhomocystéinémie, une
UI/dL
(IC 95 %)
diminution des concentrations plasmatiques des folates et de
< 100 52 (17) 111 (37) 1 méthionine et surtout une baisse intraérythrocytaire de
100-125 88 (29) 96 (32) 2,3 (1,3-3,8) méthylfolate. Ce déséquilibre est particulièrement prononcé chez
126-150 85 (28) 60 (20) 3,0 (1,6-5,7) les sujets dits « à risque » mais d’autres paramètres tels que le
> 150 76 (25) 34 (11) 4,8 (2,3-10)
génotype C677T ou C677C de la méthylène tétrahydrofolate
IC : Intervalle de confiance.
réductase (MTHFR) et l’association éventuelle à d’autres facteurs
environnementaux (surpoids, contraception orale, thrombophilie
constitutionnelle...) influenceraient ce risque vasculaire.
la séparation des sous-populations caucasienne et mongoloïde,
d’une part, et africaine et non-africaine, d’autre part [52].
3
19-2080 Thrombophilies constitutionnelles Angéiologie
4
Angéiologie Thrombophilies constitutionnelles 19-2080
AT : antithrombine ; PC : protéine C ; PS : protéine S ; MTHFR : méthylène tétrahydrofolate réductase ; AVK : antivitamine K ; CIVD : coagulation intravasculaire disséminée.
5
19-2080 Thrombophilies constitutionnelles Angéiologie
les protocoles thérapeutiques et les modalités de prise en charge pour devraient apporter des éléments facilitant la compréhension de
améliorer le rapport bénéfice/risque. Les outils de la biologie l’hétérogénéité de la thrombophilie familiale et l’optimisation
moléculaire et le « screening » élargi des facteurs environnementaux appropriée de sa prise en charge.
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