File: Formulas.

doc
Date: 2002-09-10

FEMIX 4.0

FORMULAS

Note: a vector is stored in a column matrix

x1
Example: x = ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) = x2 = [x1 x3 ]
T
x2
x3

Strain operator

ε =Lu

∂
0 0
∂ x1
∂
ε1 0 0
∂ x2
ε2 ∂
0 0 u1
ε3 ∂ x3
= u2
γ 23 ∂ ∂
0 u3
γ 31 ∂ x3 ∂ x2
∂ ∂
γ 12 0
∂ x3 ∂ x1
∂ ∂
0
∂ x2 ∂ x1

∂
0 0
∂ x1
∂
0 0
∂ x2
∂
0 0
∂ x3
L=
∂ ∂
0
∂ x3 ∂ x2
∂ ∂
0
∂ x3 ∂ x1
∂ ∂
0
∂ x2 ∂ x1

Stress strain relation (isotropic materials)

σ =Dε

1
 σ1 C1 C2 C2 0 0 0 ε1
σ2 C2 C1 C2 0 0 0 ε2
σ3 C C2 C1 0 0 0 ε3
= 2
τ 23 0 0 0 C3 0 0 γ 23
τ 31 0 0 0 0 C3 0 γ 31
τ 12 0 0 0 0 0 C3 γ 12

E (1 −ν )
C1 =
(1 +ν )(1 − 2ν )
Eν
C2 =
(1 +ν )(1 − 2ν )
E
C3 =
2 (1 +ν )

C1 C2 C2 0 0 0
C2 C1 C2 0 0 0
C2 C2 C1 0 0 0
D=
0 0 0 C3 0 0
0 0 0 0 C3 0
0 0 0 0 0 C3

Coordinate transformation

x1 = x1 (s1 , s2 , s3 )
x2 = x2 (s1 , s2 , s3 )
x3 = x3 (s1 , s2 , s3 )

Jacobian matrix (m × m )

∂ x1 ∂ x1 ∂ x1
∂ s1 ∂ s2 ∂ s3
∂ x2 ∂ x2 ∂ x2
J =
∂ s1 ∂ s2 ∂ s3
∂ x3 ∂ x3 ∂ x3
∂ s1 ∂ s2 ∂ s3

Determinant of the Jacobian matrix

J = J

2
Interpolation of the thickness of a laminate element

Note: h i is the thickness of the element in node i

h1
h2
h=

hn

h = h1 N 1 + h 2 N 2 + + hn Nn

N1

[
h = h1 h 2 hn ] N2

Nn

T
h = h NV

Interpolation of the cartesian coordinates of the element nodes

x1 = x11 N1 + x 21 N 2 + + x n1 N n
x2 = x12 N1 + x 22 N 2 + + xn2 Nn
x3 = x13 N1 + x 23 N 2 + + xn3 N n

N1
x1 x11 x 21 x n1
N2
x2 = x12 x 22 xn2
x3 x13 x 23 xn3
Nn

T
x = x NV

Interpolation of the displacements of the element nodes

u1 = N1 a11 + N 2 a21 + + N n a n1
u2 = N1 a12 + N 2 a22 + + N n an 2
u3 = N1 a13 + N 2 a23 + + N n an 3

3
 a11
a12
a13
a21
u1 N1 0 0 N2 0 0 Nn 0 0
a22
u2 = 0 N1 0 0 N2 0 0 Nn 0
a23
u3 0 0 N1 0 0 N2 0 0 Nn

a n1
an 2
an 3

u=Na

N1 0 0 N2 0 0 Nn 0 0
N = 0 N1 0 0 N2 0 0 Nn 0
0 0 N1 0 0 N2 0 0 Nn