10/25/2010 Large-Diameter Bearings

Published on Machine Design (http://machinedesign.com)

Large-Diameter Bearings

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Created 11/15/2002 - 04:00

Large-diameter bearings have no precise definition. But a bore diameter of 12 in. or greater is
used to define the size range that distinguishes large bearings from small ones. Some large
bearings, such as steel-mill roll-neck bearings, are manufactured, selected, and mounted in the
same way as small bearings. Inner races are interference fits and outer races are supported in
rigid housings as in small bearings.

Most often, large-diameter bearings are multiload or combination load bearings. Usually, a
single large-diameter bearing provides the entire support for a rotating assembly, in contrast to
the conventional small bearing where two or more separate bearing assemblies support each
rotating element. Also, a large-diameter bearing usually incorporates an integral means of
attachment, either mounting holes or weld bands. Usually integral gearing is provided on the
inner or outer ring. Large-diameter bearings of this class are manufactured of steel in the 0.4 to
0.6% carbon range with a typical core hardness of 250 to 300 Bhn and with induction or flame
hardening to about Rc 58 in the raceway areas.

In general, large-diameter bearings are less firmly supported by their mounting structures than
small bearings. The load distribution around the bearing may be vastly different than that
predicted by classic bearing formulas. To properly apply these bearings, the entire bearing-
mounting-fastening system must be analyzed.

Capacity: For most applications the effective bearing capacity is some fraction of the theoretical
static capacity as defined by AFBMA standards. There is no universal agreement among
manufacturers as to what this fraction is. Unless continuous rotation is involved, dynamic
capacity is rarely used in applying these products.

All of the AFBMA formulas assume infinitely rigid and perfectly flat mountings. The degree of
reduction in theoretical capacity is largely a matter of judgment as to the extent the actual
bearing differs from the ideals of infinite rigidity and perfect accuracy. Most design is based on
previous experience in similar situations.

For crane-type applications, the manufacturers' stated capacities vary from 50 to 150% of the
theoretical static capacity. Service factors, again not universally agreed upon, are applied prior
to selecting bearings for higher duty-cycle applications.

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