Unit 1

Quality of Life and Standard of Living in Ghana

Income 30 times less than UK average. Unsafe water, no electricity. Urban south 2.4 times
higher income than rural north. (more tourists, industry and reliable rainfall.) Infant
mortality rate 2 times higher in north.

Patterns of Housing in Newcastle Under Lyme

Large town in Staffordshire, West Midlands. Population of 125,000. Lower than average
GCSE results. Quarter of adults obese. Suburban and commuter villages of Loggerheads
and Whitmore 80 percent owner occupied, and average house price 260k for qualified
people. Inner city 45 percent social housing. Community lost jobs from coal industry.
Average house price 130k for unqualified.

Varying Access to Services in Barcelona

More choice of than rural areas but e.g. places of worship not equally distributed. Some
services super expensive. Youth centres clustered in city centre. Disperesed better in
suburbs. Inner urban has lots of ethnic groups. El Raval has 28% immigrants. 10 of 16
mosques are in el raval. Cheap to live there with high pop density. 35000 per km. Not
many highly qualified people. Saria sant gervasi highest standard of living, but most
expensive housing.

Issues changing your house in Kenya

Too much city growth, not the right infrastructure e.g. paved roads, housing, sewers,
electricity, water. 50% of Nairobi population squatters as they can't afford housing. Self
help schemes change the urban areas. Mirco credit scheme helps to save without using
banks. Loans also given to improve jobs and begin businesses.

Contrasting Rural-Urban and Urban-Rural Migration - South Africa

Pull factors are better healthcare and schools pushes are that money/jobs/ informal
houses. Mostly move from Gauteng to Limpopo. Earn less than $1 a day and mainly 15-35
year olds. Travel alone. Brain drain is a problem. But people can send money back home
to farms to help parents/ siblings.
Unit 2

Hurricane Katrina Extreme Low Pressure

Caused by specific wind, air and sea conditions. Moved by gusts of wind. Category 5
storm. Global warming to blame. Effects were $81 billion worth of damage. Massive floods.
Flood walls collapsed exposing the city. No drinkable water. No electrics. Effects were a
lack of drinkable water. Disease. Death, evacuations. Businesses ruined, emergency
services called in. Solutions were flood barriers remade reinforced. Solutions were
temporary shelters set up in football stadiums. City pumped of water. Water drinking
system flushed. Snakes and wild animals cleared. Electricity restored.

Extreme High Pressure UK Heatwave

Caused by extreme high pressure over europe, global warming? Low rainfall. Effects were
hot weather, deaths, trains unable to operate. Forest fires. Wheat crop failure. 38 degrees
in London. 2000 dead. Elderly overheated. Sunstroke. Hospitals given many patients.
Solutions were hosepipe ban in UK, railways not operating at over 30 degrees OR much
slower. Public info ads shown.

Colorado River Supply/Deficit

Las Vegas increasing water demand through 6000 new residents. 90% of water from
colorado river. Pipeline proposed to add more water. Farmers therefore have no water.
Need it to grow animals/crops.

Sheffield Floods 2007

Ground saturated from rainwater. Built like a bowl, city at bottom. Rock on sides
impermeable equals surface run off, collects in bowl. Saturated ground means no space to
suck up water. Causes flooding. River don banks spilled. 2 people died. Cattle lost.
Shopping centre closed. People stranded. Crops ruined. Dam cracked. RAF called in, city
pumped. People left area. Motorways closed. Under 6 feet of watt rin hillsbrough. People
used boats to travel. 22-28 june 2007.

Managing Drought in Mali and Niger

Low level of rainfall. Plague of locusts destroyed crops. Overgrazing. More firewood used.
People more settled, surfaces lose trees due to grazing. Caused 3.3. million people to be
hungry. Soil Erosion. Solutions were UNICEF brought aid. Trees planted to stop soil
erosion, small rock dams, rainwater collection from building roofs, bunds built to slow
surface run off and increase infiltration.

Impact of the Nile Delta on People

Real name Aswan High Dam, regulates river flooding and makes hydroelectricity. Rivers
can be flooded to hydrate plants. Protects people from flood and drought.$450 million
dollars generated from agriculture growth and hydroelectricity. Brings employment. Fishing
industry created in lake Nassar. 120,000 people moved to sudan and egypt from nubia.
Increased coattail erosion. Provides clean water. 2% unsafe water in egypt now.

Issue of Management Regarding Essex Coastline

Vulnerable to erosion and flooding due to sea level rise. Coast sinking. Sea rising 5mm a
year. Natural defence from mud flats that flow through essex. Earth embankments also
built. Salt marshes drained into farmland. Could build sea walls, could have managed
retreat, which is where you allow land to flood. Could nourish estuaries or mud flats with
sediment which absorbs wave impact. only negatives is too much sediment added as
molluscs live there and therefore die. Food chain loss. Managed retreat lets more salt flats
and mud plains appear to absorb energy. Worked already. May have long term effects on
coastal processes. Hard engineering could disrupt natural processes.