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2. Position the patient in SUPINE position with the upper body raised at 30°.
3. INSPECTION
4. PALPATION
area.
Findings
5. PERCUSSION
> estimate heart size by percussion, starting @ the 3 rd, 4th, 5th, interspaces, starting
at the far left.
6. Auscultation Sequence:
Placement Assessment
L sternal border (3rd, 4th, 5th, apex) S1 and S2, S2 is louder than
S1, louder in the pulmonic
Area.
Auscultation of S3 and S4
S3 and S4 are best heard with the bell of the stethoscope. Auscultation over the
cardiac apex in the left lateral decubitus position is preferable for identification of left
ventricular S3 and S4.
S4
S4 occurs just before S1 and may create s sound sequence of “TEN-NES-
SEE”.
Aortic murmur “swishing or blowing sound.
S4 can be heard in many healthy older adults without any other cardiac
abnormality due to decreased ventricular compliance with age.
An S4 is heard in the vast majority of patients during the acute phase of
myocardial infarction.