5.

1 Well test types and purpose

Gas well test can be grouped in two groups:

Pressure transient test seek to;

 Evaluate reservoir parameters.

 Characterize reservoir heterogeneities.

 Assess reservoir extent and geometry.

 Determine Reservoir rock properties.

 Determine reservoir fluids properties.

Productivity well tests are conducted to;

 Identify produced fluids and determine their respective volume

ratios.

 Measure reservoir pressure and temperature.

 Obtain samples suitable for PVT analysis.

 Determine well deliverability.

 Evaluate completion efficiency.

 Characterize well damage.

 Evaluate work over or stimulation treatment.

5.1.1 pressure-transient test

It refers to well tests in which we generate and measure pressure changes with time. These
tests allow us to evaluate not only near-wellbore conditions but also the in-situ reservoir
properties beyond the region affected by drilling and completion operations. It can be
subdivided further more into:

Single well test.

Multi well test.

A. Single-well tests. As the name implies, single-well tests involve only one well in
which the pressure response is measure following a rate change. From the
measured pressure response, we can characterize average properties in a portion or
all of the drainage area of the tested well. A common single-well test, a pressure
 buildup test, is conducted by first stabilizing a producing well at some fixed rate,
placing a bottomhole pressure (BHP) measuring device in the well, and shutting in
the well. Following shut-in, the BHP builds up as a function of time, and the rate of
pressure build up is used to estimate well and formation properties. From a
pressure-buildup test, we can estimate average reservoir pressure and permeability
in the well's drainage area and the properties of the region immediately adjacent to
wellbore.
Another common pressure-transient test, a drowdown or flow test is conducted by
producing a well at a known and constant rate while measuring BHP changes as a
function of time. Drowdown test are designed primarily to quantify the reservoir
flow characteristics, including permeability and skin factor. In addition, when the
pressure transient test is affected by outer reservoir boundaries, drawdown tests
Can be used to establish the outer limits of the reservoir and to estimate the
hydrocarbon volume in the well's drainage area. These specific drawdown tests are
called reservoir-limit tests. When economic considerations require a minimum loss
of production time, pressure drawdown tests also can be used to estimate well
deliverability and, if conducted and analyzed properly, are viable alternatives to
deliverability tests.

B. Multiwell tests. When the flow rate is changed in one well and the pressure
response is measured in one or more other wells the test is called a multiwall test.
Multiwell tests are designed to determine properties in region centered along a line
connecting pairs of wells and therefore are more sensitive to directional variations
of reservoir properties, such as permeability. In addition these tests can determine
the presence or lack of communication between two points in the reservoir. The
basic concept in multiwell test is either to produce from or to inject into one well,
the active well, and observe the pressure response I one or more offset wells, or
observation wells. From these data, we can estimate both permeability and porosity
in the drainage area of the wells and can quantify some reservoir anisotropies.

5.1.2 Deliverability tests:

Deliverability tests are flow tests designed to measure the production capabilities of a well
under specific reservoir conditions. Although these tests are used primarily for gas wells,
deliverability testing also is applicable to oil wells. It needs to stabilize flowing conditions for
proper analysis. A common productivity indicator obtained from these tests is the
absolute open-flow AOF potential. The AOF is the maximum rate at which a well
could flow against a theoretical atmospheric backpressure at the sandface. Another
and possibly more important application of deliverability testing is to generate a
reservoir inflow performance relationship IPR or gas backpressure curve. The IPR
curve describes the relationship between surface production rate and BHFP for a
specific value of reservoir pressure. It can be subdivided further more into:

Single point test.

 Flow after flow test.
Isochronal test.
Modified isochronal test.

A. Flow after flow tests, sometimes called gas backpressure pr four point tests, are
conducted by producing the well at series of different stabilized flow rates and
measuring the stabilized BHFP at the sandface.
B. Single point test is an attempt to overcome the limitation of long test times required
for the flow after flow tests in low permeability formations. Single point tests are
conducted by flowing the well at a single rate until the BHFP is stabilized. Single tests
are particularly appropriate when the well's deliverability characteristics are being
updated, as required by many regulatory agencies.
C.

D. Modified isochronal tests. The time to build up to average reservoir pressure before
flowing for CERTAIN TIME MAY STILL BE IMPRACTICAL, even after short flow periods in
an isochronal test. Consequently, a modification of the isochronal test was developed