Triac.

doc print name (first last): ______________________

course: EET 257 11/03/2005
lab date (mo/day/yr): ______________________
lab section (day time): ______________________
instructor: ______________________

Power Control
with the Triac

Performance Checks

_____ 1. Vload waveform for 65% duty cycle time proportioned zero crossing (2.j.)

_____ 2. Vload waveform for Vload RMS measured = 75V voltage controlled phase angle firing (3.n.)

Lab Report Scoresheet

Prelab initial submission (on time, with calculations, complete) …(15%)à _________

Prelab correction of all marked errors (due with report) ………… (5%)à __________

All required signed Performance check offs……………………………… (35%)à __________

Lab Report Purpose, Approach and Results ……………………… (35%) à __________

• Proper grammar, capitalization, spelling -2% each error
• Any other errors -3% each error No-report Challenge
Lab Report Analysis and Conclusions …………………………………… (10%)à __________
• Proper grammar, capitalization, spelling -2% each error
initials
• Any other errors -3% each error
• Questions not answered in the form: 1. xxx, 2. yyy -3%

Totalà __________

Late Penalties
Late to lab (-1%/min) ___________
Late report (* 0.5) ___________

Final Report Grade %, (maximum = 100%) à __________

Comments:
EET 257 -2 - Power Control with the Triac

Prelab Calculations
1. Obtain a copy of the specifications of the Teccor Q4004L4 triac. Attach those specifications to the
report.

2. Draw the package for the Q4004L4 and identify the MT1, MT2 and the gate.

3. Is the package isolated? __________

4. Draw the schematic symbol and identify MT1, MT2 and the gate.

5. From the data sheet, find the following:

dv V
a. = __________ (off state voltage)
dt
max
µ sec

di A
b. = __________
dt
max
µ sec

c. VDRM = __________VRMS

d. ITSM = __________ARMS

e. VTM = __________V

6. Assuming that the load is a 135W light bulb, calculate the following:

a. Rlight bulb = _____Ω

b. Ilight bulb = __________Arms

c. Ptriac on = __________W

d. TJ = __________°C (assuming TA = 30°C, ΘJA = 50°C/W

EET 257 -3 - Power Control with the Triac

Objectives
Verify the performance of a triac operated with three drivers; simple ON/OFF, time proportioned
zero crossing, and phase angle firing with a monostable multivibrator.

Approach and Results

1. Simple ON/OFF Control
a. Obtain a Triac-Light Control box.

b. With the box’s power cord unplugged, remove the plexiglass cover. With the Ohm meter, verify
the proper configuration, as shown in the shaded box of Figure 1. Do not connect the 5V supply.

Red
Red

H
+5V MOC3030

G
1 6
+5V 1 MOC3030 6

N
2 4
2 4

Black
Black

Figure 1 Simple ON/OFF control

c. Install your triac and your MOC3030 (or 3031 or 3032). Be sure that you have each installed
correctly in their sockets.

d. Pull the ground clip for your oscilloscope x10 probe back and tape it to the cable so that it cannot
fall into the circuit. Connect the probe from channel 2 to the light (marked Load). There is a test
point available.

Warning Assure that the probe is set to attenuate the voltage to the oscilloscope x10. This lowers
the voltage to the oscilloscope to about 17V P . Without the x10 attenuator, the input voltage to the
oscilloscope will be 170V P , which will damage the input channel of the oscilloscope
EET 257 -4 - Power Control with the Triac

e. Set the switch on the box to off. Replace the plexiglass cover. Install the light bulb.

f. Connect the +5V supply and common as shown in Figure 1.

g. Plug the box into the line voltage. Turn the +5V on. Set the oscilloscope channel 2 to display the
RMS and DC (mean) of these signals.

Vload = ___________Vrms light ___________ (on or off)

h. With an insulated tool, flip the switch to on.

Vload = ___________Vrms light ___________ (on or off)

i. Turn the +5V supply off. Verify that the light goes off.

j. Unplug the box.

2. Time Proportional Zero Crossing Firing

a. Build the circuit shown in Figure 2.

Red

+5V

H
MOC3030
G
1 6

N
2
4

R base
6.8k
Black
Q1
TTL 2N3904
levels

Figure 2 Time proportional zero crossing firing

b. Leave channel two of the oscilloscope, with it’s ground clip taped back, set to x10, and connected
to the light. Set it to display the rms of the load voltage.

c. Connect channel one of the oscilloscope to display the voltage from the function generator, with its
0V level across the middle of the lower half of the screen. Trigger on this channel. Display
> 1 cycle of the input. Measure and display the frequency and the + duty cycle of channel one.

d. Set the function generator to provide a positive going pulse, TTL compatible level, at 6 Hz, with a
20% duty cycle.

e. Turn the +5 Vdc power supply on. Flip the switch in the triac box on. With channel two of the
oscilloscope, verify that the signal at the collector of the transistor is correct.
EET 257 -5 - Power Control with the Triac

f. Move the x10 probe (channel 2) to the load connection in the triac box. Plug the box into 120 Vrms .
Record the number of half cycles displayed, the Vload measured for each of the input duty cycles
indicated in Table 1. Create your own Excel table on the computer. Do not just manually fill in the
table below.

Table 1 Time proportioned zero crossing firing

input duty cycle # half cycles across Rload Vload measured
% (accuracy ±1 cycle) V rms Vload theory = 120Vrms D
V rms
20
45
65
80

g. Save the VR load waveform (channel 2) with the input duty cycle at 65% so you can include it in your
report.

Demonstrate the waveform and the Excel table at 65% to your lab instructor.

3. Phase Angle Firing with a Monostable Multivibrator

a. Build the circuit in Figure 3a. You may use a packaged bridge rectifier instead of four separate
diodes. Connect the bridge‘s common to the circuit common at the bottom of the 1kΩ resistor.
Connect the oscilloscope’s channel 1 using your BNC-to-mini-grabber cable across the 1kΩ
resistor (point A). Verify that the signal across the 1kΩ resistor is correct.
{Do not use the transformer’s center tap.}
zero crossing
test point
A

120VRMS 25.2VRMS
R1
1k
1N400x

Figure 3a Bridge rectifier

b. Add Rzener and the Zener diode shown in Figure 3b. With the x10 probe on channel 2, verify that
the waveform across the zener diode is a short duration TTL compatible pulse which goes low
briefly around the zero crossing of the transformer’s secondary voltage (point A).

zero crossing
test point
A Rzener
4.7k
120V RMS 25.2VRMS
R1
1k
1N4732A
1N400x

Note: A 12.6 vrms transformer and/or a 1N4735 zener diode may be substituted.
EET 257 -6 - Power Control with the Triac

Figure 3b Negative going zero crossing pulse

c. Add the 555 configured as a monostable multivibrator, as shown in Figure 3c. Set Rt = 39kΩ.
With the x10 probe on channel 2, verify that the output is triggered at the zero crossing of the
transformer’s secondary voltage (point A), and is high for about 4 milliseconds.

+5V

zero crossing
8 555
2 Vcc
test point 4
trigger
A reset
Rzener 5 3
control out
6
4.7k R t 39k threshold
7
120VRMS 25.2VRMS +5V discharge
gnd
0.1µ
R1 1
1k Ct
1N4732A 0.1µ
1N400x

Figure 3c Zero crossing triggered monostable multivibrator

d. Add the Econtrol as shown in Figure 3d. You may use the other supply from the HP triple power
supply. Vary it between 0V and 5V. With the x10 probe on channel 2, verify that the width of the
pulse from the 555 alters smoothly from ~0msec to more than 9msec.

+5V

zero crossing
8 555
2 Vcc
test point 4
trigger
A reset
Rzener 5 3
Econtrol control out
6
4.7k 0V to +5V +5V R t 39k threshold
7
120VRMS 25.2VRMS discharge
gnd
R1 1
1k Ct
1N4732A 0.1µ
1N400x

Figure 3d Voltage controlled monostable multivibrator

e. Add the remaining components as shown in Figure 3e. Be sure to unplug the box, open the
plexiglass cover, remove the MOC3030, and replace it with the MOC3010 (or 3011). Then,
replace the cover and plug the box into 120 Vrms .
EET 257 -7 - Power Control with the Triac

f. Move the oscilloscope channel with the x10 probe to the light, and assure that there is only one
ground connection to the oscilloscope.

Red

H
MOC3010

G
1 6
+5V

N
8 555 2
zero crossing 4
2 Vcc
test point 4
trigger
A 5
reset
3
Rzener E control control out
6
4.7k 0V to +5V +5V Rt 39k threshold Black
7
120V RMS 25.2VRMS discharge
gnd
R1 1
1k Ct
1N4732A 0.1µ
1N400x

Figure 3e Voltage controlled phase angle firing

g. Set channel 2 of the oscilloscope to display the rms of the voltage across the load.

h. Set Econtrol to 2.5V. Plug in the light box. Move channel 1 at the 555’s output (measure thigh ), and
channel 2 across the load (measure Vrms ). Verify that the waveform across the load is correct.

i. Complete a table similar to the one below. Setup the table using Excel now. Enter the data directly
into the spreadsheet. Do not write the numbers below.

Table 2 Voltage controlled phase angle firing

Vload measured Econtrol tlag θlag Vload theory error in
V rms V dc msec degrees V rms Vload
(calculated) [Hint: use the curve] %
25
50
75
100

j. Save the VR load waveform with Vload rms measured = 75V so you can include it in your report.

Demonstrate the load waveform and the Excel table to the lab instructor at Vload rms measured = 75V.
EET 257 -8 - Power Control with the Triac

No-report Challenge
Design
1. Design a circuit that will produce a dc voltage to input into the Econtrol input of Figure 3e.

2. The input to your circuit will be 0 Vdc to 5 Vdc.

3. The output of your circuit should be 5 Vdc to 0 Vdc. That is, the input is inverted and shifted up 5
Vdc. This will produce a direct relationship between this input dc and the power applied to the
light.

Hint: Look at the Zero and Span lecture part of the ECET 368 course web site. It’s really just an
inverting summer.

Performance
1. Verify that the circuit you designed outputs a dc that matches the requirements of steps 2 and 3
above.

2. Connect the output of your circuit to the Econtrol input of the circuit in Figure 3e.

3. Connect the input to a DC supply. Vary it from 0 Vdc to 5 Vdc and verify that the light’s
brightness changes directly with the input voltage.

4. Demonstrate this performance.

EET 257 -9 - Power Control with the Triac

Analysis and Conclusions

1. Time Proportional Zero Crossing Firing
a. Include Table 1 in the body of your report, immediately following the description of the
procedures.

b. Include the graph of the waveform of the VR load at 65% duty cycle.

c. Explain one application when you would choose this firing technique, and one for which this
technique is not appropriate.

2. Phase Angle Firing with a Monostable Multivibrator

a. Include Table 2 in the body of your report, immediately following the description of the
procedures.

b. Plot Econtrol, (X axis) versus Vload rms measured (Y axis).

c. Include the graph of the waveform of the VR load at Vload rms measured = 75V.

d. Did this circuit behave correctly? Explain.