Installation, Maintenance

and Troubleshooting Guide

Power Transmission Belt Drives

CONTENTS
INSTALLATION 1 20
V belts 111
Poly-V Belts 12.15
P o s ~ t ~ vDer ~ v eBelts 16-18
Var~ableSpeed Belts 19-20

MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-24
What To Look For . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-23
What To Listen For . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

TROUBLESHOOTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-27
V-belt Performance Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-26
Troubleshooting Chart . . . . . . . . . 27

Torque-Flex. Hy-T, Compass, Torque Team, Poly-V-

T M ' s The Goodyear T ~ r e& Rubber Company

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 INSTALLATION
V-BELTS
Torque- Flex$ Hy-T: Compassw-V-Steel,Hy -TS Wedge,
Torque-Team$ Hex and F.H.P. V- belts

1.INSPECT SHEAVES
Worn sheaves will substantially reduce belt Ilfe. If the
grooves are worh, the belt will bottom out. Thls will re
sult In sllppage and the belts may char or burn. If the
s~dewallsare dlshed out, the bottom shoulder of the
sheave w ~ l wear
l the bottom corner of the belt, thus
causing premature fallure.

Check sheaves for rust and wear. W ~ p eclean of 011

a n d grease.

LIKE THlS NOT THlS

Fig. 1
SHEAVE GROOVE GAUGE
Select t h e proper sheave groove gauge
and template for t h e sheave d~arneter.
lnsertthegaugetochecksheave
grooves for wear.

Fig. 2
Sheave grooves m u s t b e correct
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 Industry Standard Groove Dimensions for V-belt Sheaves

. SROOVE
ANGuLE
FILE BREAK A L L
,( - S H A R P C O R N E R S
Face Width of Standard
k b n 4
and Deep Groove Sheaves

Face Width = S,(N,-1) + 2Se

Where:
Standard Groove Dimensions N, = Number of Grooves

Pitch Diameter Standard Groove Dimensions

I

Min. Groove hg **Sg

Cross Recom- Range Angle *bg ; ,031 a .031 se
Section mended
inches
inches
* &20' inches inches inches inches inches

A
A 3.0 2.6 to 5.4 34 .494 + ,005 0.490 ,125 0.625 +.070
Over 5.4 38 ,504 I - 0.375 -.ooo
--
4.6 to 7.0 34 +.I50
,650:-( + ,005
e 5.4
Over 7.0 38
'637 0.580 ,175 0.750 0.500 -.ooo
7.0 to 7.99 34 ,8791 +.I50
C 9.0 8.0 to 12.0 36 3 8 7 -+,007 0.780 1.000 .0.688.000
Over 12.0 38 .895j
12.0 to 12.99 34 1.2591 +.250
D 13.0 13.0 to 17.0 36 1.271 \ -t ,007 1.050 ,300 1.438 0.875 -,ooo
Over 17.0 38 1.2831

E 21.0 18.0 to 24.0 36 .400 1.750 +.250

Over 24.0 38 1.300 1.125 -.ooo

Industry Standard Groove Dimensions for Hy-T Wedge Belt Sheaves

F l L E BREAK
- ALL SHARP Face Width of Standard
GROOVE , CORNERS 1-
90' r O"30' and Deep Groove Sheaves
4'-
--
4

hg
- -L Face Width = Sg(Ng-1) + 2Se
Where:
N, = Number of Grooves
Table 2

'
I 1 STANDARD GROOVE
OUTSIDE DIAMETER (in.)\ , I STANDARD GROOVE DIMENSIONS
(Inches)
1 DEEP GROOVE
/ OUTSIDE DIAMETER (In.)]
DEEP GROOVE DIMENSIONS
(Inches)
V-Belt Groove
i *in.
e m .
I Range +ob&"w,3%'01°
hg
a
I
+ :6 I se I
3.50 to 6.00
6.01 to 12.00
Over 12.00
I
+0.125
0.723
I

+0.250
16.52 to 22.92 1.190 : 1.261 ,361 1.312 0.844-0.000
i Over 22.40 42"
I
Over 22.92 1.200 1

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2. MOUNTING SHEAVES

THE QD HUB
Conventional Mount
The Conventional Mounting position for all "QD"
Sheaves 1s with the Hub flange located toward the
bearing. Loosely assemble the QD Hub in the rim in-
sert the pull-up bolts (finger tight). Slip the loosely
assembled unit, flanged end first, and align i t in the
desired p o s i t ~ o non the shaft.
Tighten the hollow head setscrew in the flange down
on the key only snug enough to keep i t in the desired
position on the shaft.
Tighten each pull-up bolt alternately and evenly.
Finally, tighten the setscrew down tight on the key
to hold i t securely in place when driving. Conventional mount

Removal
Place two or three of the pull-up bolts in the tapped
holes in the sheave. As you draw u p on the bolts they
act as jack screws against flange of QD hub to break
the cone grlp between hub and rim.

Easy off

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- THE SPLIT TAPER BUSHING

How To Mount Split Taper Bushing Sheaves

start capscrews d r ~ v ealong edge of both sheaves furn~shedwlth bush~ngs.

How To Remove Split Taper Bushing Sheaves

1 Remove capscrews 2 Put two capscrews ~npush-off holes 3 Remove sheave from shaft.
In flange T~ghtenu n t ~sheave
l has

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THE TAPER-LOCK@BUSHING
MOUN'l7NG
Insert bushing in hub. Match holes (not threads)
and slip entire unit onto shaft. Put screws into the
holes that are threaded in hub only. Align the
product and tighten screws. As bushing is wedged
inward it contracts-evenly-and grips the shaft.
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REMOVAL
Take the screws out entirely. Insert one of them
into the hole which is threaded in the bushing.
Use as jack-screw. This disengages the bushing.
Its grip is "unlocked," permitting quick, easy re-
moval of product w ~ t hno shock to bearings or
machinery.
Reliance Electric Company
 3. CHECKING ALIGNMENT
.-I-. essential to m a ~ n t a l nlong V-belt
b - .: +e

NOT THlS WAY!

I)
*
THlS WAY
Fig. 3

S t r a ~ g h t edge t o u c h ~ n g sheaves a t
four p o ~ n t s~ n d ~ c a t ea sl ~ g n r n e n t

Fig. 4

4. SELECTING BELTS

Belt T.W.

\ I

Fig. 5 Fig. 6
Sheave groove gauge Belt gauge

-
Always select belts to match sheave groove as in the
example above: 8V sheave gauge fits the sheave, use
8V belts.
If the drive requires "A", "B", or "C" section belts,
select the grade of belt such as Hy-T,Compass-V-Steel,
or the premium Torque-Flex belt. If short life is ex-
perienced with standard belts, a higher grade of belt
will increase servics.
Torque-Team belts (joined belts)-a two belt team
will provide the benefits of the joined principal as well
as a wider team. A matched set of two- and three-belt
teams will provide equal service t o a five-belt team,
etc. Sheave wear is very important in the life of any
V-belt drive, but in the case of Torque-Team, it is
critical. Worn sheaves will destroy joined belts very
quickly.

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5.MATCHING OF BELTS

All belts shol~ l have

d the same !ength code number,

Don't Mix Belt Brands Don't Mix New and Used Belts

Nefl Old

Old

Fig. 7

The new belts will be overloaded

Always replace V-belt drives with a complete new set
of belts. Never install a new or used belt as a replace-
ment for a unit of a matched set or you will substan-
tially reduce drive life.
C
Belt brands should not be mixed due to the difference
in performance characteristics.

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 6. INSTALLING BELTS

WRONG RIGHT
Never force the belts into a sheave with a screwdriver Always move the dr~verunit forward so the belts can
o r wedge because you w ~ l rupture
l the envelope fab- eas~ly be sl~ppedinto the sheave grooves without
r c and break the cords. damage to the belts.

Center Distance Allowances for Belt Installation and Take-Up

After calculating t h e center d ~ s t a n c ebased o n the standard p ~ t c hlength
of t h e belt, make sure that the center distance can be moved closer t o -
gether by t h e m i n i m u m ~ n s t a l l a t ~ oallowance
n figure shown i n Table 3 t o
Insure the belts can b e installed w ~ t h o u tdamage. The center distance
should also be adjustable t o allow f o r the m i n i m u m take.up allowance
shown i n t h e last c o l u m n of Table 3 t o allow f o r m a n u f a c t u r i n g tolerance
and belt stretch.
Table 3
Minimum Allowance Below Standard Mlnimum Allowance Above
5r.nd.rd
Center Distance for Installotian of Belts Standard Center Distance Shorter Center Dlstance for V-belt Installation
for Maintaining Tension
Length'
Ilncher)
Destgnat8on
All Sect~onr
TWrn ,.om i..m 7e.m Ilom
I
: 5 .a 38 075 I20 100 150 1 00
-.2.to 60 0 75 1 20 100 150 150 2 00 1 50
1 5: 'a 90 075 1 30 1 25 1 60 1 50 2.00 2 00
I
I i0.0120 100 130 1.25 160 150 200 2 50
/'2310158 100 150 1.25 180 150 210 200 210 3 00
8 158.0195 1 125 180 2.00 2 20 2 00 3 00 2 50 3 40 3 50

'95to 240
2AO fo 270
270 to 330

330 to 420
{ 1 50

1:
1 90 2 00 2 30
200 200 2 5 0
220 , 2 0 0 250

2 00 2 70
2 00
250
250

2 50
3 20 2 50 3 50
320 2 5 0 ,360
3501 300

3 60 3 00
2
1 4 00
4 50
5 00

6 00
1 Longer Center Dlstance for V - b e l t Take-Up

A20 and aver 2 50 2 90 3 00 4 10 3 50 ; 4 40 1 5% a f belt length

- I n e a c h group the r a n g e I S to, but not ~ n c l u d ~ ntgh,e second length.

A l l d ~ m e n s ~ o nin
s Inches.

Table 4 - Hy-T Wedge V-belts

--

Minimum Allowance Below Standard Minimum Allowance

Center Distance For Installation Above Standard
Of Belts, Inches Center Distance
Standard For Maintaining
3V 3V 5V 5V 8V 8V
Length Torque- Torque- Torque- Tension, Inches
Designation Team Team Team All Cross Sections

Up To and Incl. 475 0.5 1.2 1.O

Over 475 To and lncl. 710 0.8 1.4 1.2
Over 710 To and Incl. 1060 0.8 1.4 1 .O 1.5 3.4 1.5
Over 1060 To and Incl. 1250

' Over 1250 To and Incl. 1700

- Over 1700 To and Incl. 2000

Over 2000 To and Incl. 2360

Over 2360 To and Incl. 2650
Over 2650 To and Incl. 3000

Over 3000 To and Incl. 3550 1.2 2.4 2.0 4.0 4.0
Over 3550 ~b and Incl. 3750
Over 3750 To and Incl. 5000
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3.0
2.0
4.0
4.0 ~ 4.5
5.5
7. TENSIONING BELTS

Check t h e tension on a newly ~ n s t a l l e dV-belt drive A t e n s ~ o ntester I S a qulck and convenient means of
establishing tensioning value

General Common Sense Rules of Tensioning:

a. Ideal tension is the lowest tension at which the belt
will not slip under peak load conditions.
b. Check tension frequently during the first 2 4 - 4 8
hours of run-in operation.
c. Over tensioning shortens belt and bearing life
d. Keep belts free from foreign material which may
cause slip.
e. Make V-drive inspection on a periodic basis. Ten-
sion when slipping.
f. Maintain sheave alignment while tensioning the
drive. (See picture, page 10.)
If you want t o check the tension in a conventional V-
belt drive, use the procedure below:
a. Measure the span length, t .
b. At the center of the span (t) apply a force (per-
pendicular t o the span) large enough t o deflect the
belt 1/64''for every inch of span length. For example,
the deflection of a 1 0 0 inch span would be 10%4 or
inches.
c. Compare the force you have applied with the values
given in Tables 5 and 6. If the force is between the
values for normal tension and 11/2 times normal
tension, the drive tension should be satisfactory. A
force below the value for normal tension indicates
an undertensioned drive. If the force exceeds the
value for 11/2 times normal tension, the drive is
tighter than it needs to be. A new drive can be tight- 5
ened initially t o two times normal tension t o allow
for the normal drop in tension during run-in.

Table 5 - Belt Deflection Force (Pounds)

Based on operating speeds of 1 0 0 0 - 3 0 0 0 feet per minute, reduce the deflection forces by 20°/, . (Check
minute. For belt speeds In excess of 3 0 0 0 feet per factory for operating speeds less than 1 0 0 0 F.P.M.)
CVS HY-T TORQUE-FLEX
Pounds Pounds Pounds
Pounds Force For Pounds Force For Pounds Force For
Small Force For 1% Times Force For 1% Times Force For 1% Times
Cross Diameter Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal
Section Range Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower Horsepower

A 3.0- 3.6 3.2 4.5 3.6 5.2 5.0 7.0

A 3.8- 4.8 3.8 5.2 4.3 6.2 5.9 8.4
A 5.0- 7.0 4.4 6.0 5.0 7.2 6.7 9.6
B 3.4- 4.2 4.6 6.1 4.9 6.9 7.1 10.1
B
B
C
C
D
4.4- 5.6
5.8- 8.6
7.0- 9.0
9.5-16.0
12.0-16.0
5.8
7.1
11.5
14.4
24.4
8.0
10.0
15.4
20.0
33.9
6.5
8.2
15.5
16.9
28.1
9.3
;;i
24 3
40.9
1
i
7.7
9.6
!6.9
!8.8
11.0
13.8
23.6
27.4

D 18.0-27.0 29.5 41.8 34.7 50.4

E 20.0-32.0

Table 6 - Hy-T Wedge V-belts

Belt Deflection Force (Pounds)
Small 1% Times
Cross Diameter Normal Normal
Section Range Tension Tension
2.65 to 3.65
4.12 to 6.90
7.1 to 10.9 14.3 21.1

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7. TENSIONING BELTS (Cont.]
Torque-Team Belt Tensioning

A multiple gauge tensioning device is recommended t o

establish the proper tension on Torque-Team'belts.

Double-check sheaves with steel straight edge for

proper alignment after tensioning the drive.

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8. BELT GUARDS
Guards f o r d r i v e s i n s u r e safety a n d cleanliness.
Screened, meshed or grilled belt guards are the most
satisfactory because they allow air to circulate and
heat to escape.
9. IDLERS
Avoid The Use Of ldler
If Possible
General
A properly designed multiple V-belt drive will not re-
quire an idler t o deliver fully rated horsepower if prop-
er tension can be maintained. Idlers always put an
additional bending stress point on the belt which re-
duces the belt horsepower rating and reduces belt life.
The smaller the idler, the greater the reduction i n belt
life due t o the increased bending stresses.
Inside ldler
A V-grooved idler located on the inside of the belts on
t h e slack side of the drive is. recommended over a back
side idler. The idler should be located near t h e large
sheave t o avoid reduction of the arc of contact with the
small sheave. The size of the V-idler pulley should be
equal t o or preferably greater than the diameter of the
small sheave.
DRIVER - DRIVEN
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Back Side ldler
4
A back side idler increases the arc of contact on both 1
sheaves, however, i t forces a backward bend i n the
V-belt that contributes t o premature failure. The idler
puts additional stresses i n the bottom portion of the
belt which will result i n bottom cracking. If a back side
idler is used, the diameter of the flat idler pulley
should be at least times the diameter of the small
sheave and located as close as possible t o the small
sheave.
- DRIVEN
DRIVER
Kiss ldler
A kiss idler differs from the back side idler because i t
does not penetrate the belt span creating a back bend
on the belt and consequently does not contribute t o
'-
premature failure of the belt.
The useage of kiss idlers is not too common, how-
ever i t provides a method of controlling belt vibration
and whip on shock and pulsating load drives. The kiss
idler could be used i n single belt drives where joined
belts are not applicable.
If a kiss idler is used, the diameter of the flat pulley
should be at least 1y2 times the diameter of the small
sheave.
DRIVER
(@ DRIVEN
 POLY-V'?BELTS
1. INSPECT SHEAVES
* Worn sheaves can reduce belt life substantially. If the
grooves are worn, the sheave points will cut the belt.
If the side walls are "dished out," slippage may result
and burn the belt.

Fig. 8

Check sheaves for rust and wear. Wipe clean of Check sheave groove with Poly-V groove gauge.
oil and grease.

Table 7
Industry Poly-V Sheave Groove Dimensions and Tolerances

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POLY-V-TM The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
2. MOUNTING SHEAVES 3. CHECKING ALIGNMENT
Poly-V belt sheaves are installed and removed i n t h e
same manner as conventional V-belt sheaves. Follow
the same procedures as outlined on pages 3 , 4 and 5
i n t h i s manual and as recommended by the sheave
manufacturer.
Proper alignment is m o r e critical f o r Poly-V sheaves
than f o r conventional V-belt drives. Basically, the
a l ~ g n m e n tchecking procedures f o r Poly-V belts are
the same as f o r V-belts which are o u t l ~ n e don page 6
of this manual.
-
#

4. SELECTING BELTS

Fig. 10
Belt gauge

Select belts t o match sheave as rn t h e example above:

"1-" section sheave gauge fits pulley, so use "L" belts.

SIZE NOMENCLATURE
BELT
675 L 6

6 7 . 5 inch " L" 6

Pitch Length Section Ribs

Fig. 9
Sheavegroovegauge PULLEY
6 L 4 8

6 "L" 4.8inch
Grooves Section Pulley Diameter

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5.MATCHING BELTS 6. INSTALLING BELTS

'.I-= leave one sheave groove open t o e l l m ~ n a t e WRONG

- - i 5 3 1 e ~ntereferencebetween belts. Never force the belts onto a sheave w ~ t ha screw
dr,ver or uedge because you w ~ l rupture
l t h e fab-
r c ar7d break the cords.

','atching
' ' -:c'lng not required for most Poly-V belt drives.
IS
- :;.ever, if you have a special application where
- 3 t c h i n g is required, specify "matched belts" on the
:~:jer and allow suff~cient lead time. Matching code
. m b e r s will not appear on the belts.

RIGHT
Always move t h e d r ~ v e runit forward so t h e belts
can e a s ~ l ybe s l ~ p p e dinto the sheave grooves w ~ t h -
o u t damage t o t h e belts.

Table 7 - Poly-V Belt Recommended Installation and Take-Up Allowances

Minimum Allowance Below Standard Center Distance Minimum Allowance Above
Standard Effective Length, for Installation of Belts, inches Standard Center Distance for
Inches Maintaining Tension, inches
I J L M
All Cross Sections

1 U p To and Incl. 20.0

O v e r 20.0To and incl. 40.6
0.4 0.3
0.5
0.5
O v e r 40.0To and I n c 60.0 3.6 C.9 0.7
1 O v e r 50.0To and lncl. 80.0 0.6 09 0.9
O v e r 80.0To and Inci. 100.0 07 i .0 1.5 1.1
Over iO0.OTo and Incl. 120.0 d.8 1.1 1.6 1.3
Over 120 I!To and lncl. 160.0 12 1.7 1.7
Over 16G O To arid Inc!. 200.0 1.3 1.8 2.2
I Over
Over
201.0 To and
240.0To and
I ncl 240.0
Incl. 300.0
i.4
' 1.9
22
2.6
3.3

i
Over 30C.0To and Incl. 360.0 2.3 3.9
' Over 36G.0To and incl. 420.0 2.6 4.6
Over 42G.GTo and Incl. 480.0 i 2.9 5.2
Over 480.CTo and Incl. 540.0 3.2 5.8
Over 540.PTo and l n c l . 60G 3 3.6 6.5
-
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 7. TENSIONING BELTS
A tension tester is a quick and convenient means of
establishing tensional value. Refer t o p a g H 0 tension-
ing of Torque-Team belts for procedure and illustra-
tion of tensioning devices.
Table 9
MINIMUM RECOMMENDED SMALL SHEAVE DIAMETERS
FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS (FOR POLY-V & V-BELT DRIVES)

Motor STANDARD MOTOR R.P.M.

Nameplate
Installation Tensioning Horsepower 3450 1750 1160 870 675 575
Hy-T Poly-V drives w,ll be properly tensioned if the de- Small Sheave Diameters-Inches
flection force "F" is applied mid-way between the
.12 or less 1.25 1.25 1.50
belt's tangent points with the pulley, as shown in Fig.
11, and is used t o deflect the belt. The deflection .25 1.25 1.25 1.50
should be equal t o .015" per inch of unsupported belt .33 1.50 1.50 2.00
span. The force "F" should be the value shown in the .50 2.00 2.00 2.50
following table. .75 2.25 2.25 2.50 3.00 3.00 3.00
To improve tensioning accuracy, the drive should 1 2.25 2.25 2.50 3.00 3.00 3.00
be run briefly t o properly seat the belt. At least one
sheave should be freely rotating during the tensioning
procedure. 1.5 2.25 2.50 2.50 3.00 3.00 3,m
2 2.50 2.50 2.50 3.00 3.00 3.75
3 2.50 2.50 3.00 3.00 3.75 4.50
Table 8 - Belt Deflection Force 5 2.50 3.00 3.00 3.75 4.50 4.9
I
Belt Small Sheave Force "F" 7.5 3.00 3.00 3.75 4.50 4.50 525
Cross Section Diameter Range Ibs. per rib

J 1.32 - 1.67 0.4 10 3.00 3.75 4.50 4.50 5.25 6@:

J 1.77 - 2.20 0.5 15 3.75 4.50 4.50 5.25 6.00 6;s
J 2.36 - 2.95 0.6 20 4.50 4.50 5.25 6.00 6.75 8.25
L 2.95 - 3.74 1.7 25 4.50 4.50 6.00 6.75 8.25 9.W
L 3.94 - 4.92 2.1 30 5.25 6.75 6.75 9.00 10 DC,
L 5.20 - 6.69 2.5
M 7.09 - 8.82 6.4 40 6.00 6.75 8.25 10.00 10.00
IW 9.29 - 11.81 7.7 50 7.00 8.38 9.00 10.00 11.00
W
I 12.40 - 15.75 8.8 60 7.63 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00
75 9.00 10.00 10.00 13.00 14.00
100 10.00 13.00 13.00 15.00 18.00

125 11.00 13.00 15.00 18.00 20.00

150 13.00 18.00 20.00 22.00
200 22.00 22.00 22.00
250 22.00 22.00
300 27.00 27.00

Minimum Sheave Diameters

If the driver is a Standard Electric Motor, refer t o
Table 9 t o be sure that the sheave diameter selected
will meet the IVational Electrical Manufacturers Asso-
ciation Standard for minimum sheave diameters for
electric motors 0.75 HP and larger. If the motor sheave
is SMALLER than the minimum diameter shown in this
table, increase the sheave diameter so that the motor-
sheave will conform with the chart unless either an
oversize or an outboard bearing is installed.
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8. BELT GUARDS
Guards f o r d r i v e s i n s u r e safety a n d cleanliness.
Screened, meshed or grilled belt guards are the most
satisfactory because they allow air t o circulate and
heat t o escape. See page 11.
9. IDLERS w
Idlers are not recommended and should only be used
when necessary. However, usage of idlers is not as
detrimental t o Poly-V belt operation as it is for con-
ventional V.belts.
POSITIVE DRIVE
1. INSPECT PULLEYS
Check pulleys for rust and wear and wipe clean of o i i and grease.

Typical Positive Drive Pulley Groove Profiles

Worn Outside ~ i a m e t e1
r ~ i g 12
. L Correct Fit
Belt Bottoms

Table 10
Stock Belt
Belt Approx. Tooth
Pitches Pitch Profile BW Th k Rb Rt
+.002
,187 F +.002
~068-.ooo
+.ooo
.060-.002
40" + 3" 1/64 max. .015-.ooo
115 ( X U ,200 H +.002 +. 000 50" + 3" 1/64 max. +.002
.052-,~~~ .065-.003 ~025-.~~~
,234 D +.003 +.OOO
.073-,~~4 40" + 3" %2 max. +.005
.080-.~~~ .030-.~~~
3/s (L) ,375 C 120+.004 +. 000 4 0 " i 3" 3/64 max. +.005
' -.OOO .105-.004 .046-.~~~
B +.005 +.OOO +.005
% (H) ,500 .165-.~~~ .120-.005 4 0 ° i 3" %6 max. %6-.000
,875 G +.006 +.OOO 40"13" max. +.005
% (XH) -311-.~~~ .281-.005 %4
%2-.000
1.250 E +.007 +.OOO 40"*3" max. b4+.oo5
1% (XXH) .479-.ooo 406-.oo5 %2
-.ooo

"NOTE: Pulley diameter taper m u s t be held t o a minimum, preferably zero.

Taper will result i n excessive belt side thrust and early failure.
I t should be realized t h a t if commercially available pulleys or tooling is
used a slightly d ~ f f e r e n tooth
t profile w ~ l result
l depending upon the number
of teeth In t h e pulley and the type of hob or shaper tooling used. The pulley
o u t s ~ d ediameter however should remaln the same.
Since i t is d ~ f f i c u l t o check the groove profile, we suggest that you check
for wear and proper diameter. Purchase new pulleys f r o m a reputable source.

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 1. TYPE PULLEYS
Various types of pulleys are used on Posltlve Drive
Belt drives. The type furnished - spoke, web, etc. -
is governed by the number of grooves and the pulley
manufacturer's preference. Generally pulleys of small
diameter do not use bushings but are of the integral
hub type. The larger pulleys are generally used with
bushings. The basic types of Positive Drive Belt pul
leys are shown below and are typical of the wide varl-
ety used. The minimum recommended pulley dlarne-
ters are shown in Table 11.
Plastic pulleys are only recommended for light duty
applications.
3. CHECKING ALIGNMENT
The proper alignment of Positive Drive pulleys is more
critical than for conventional V-belt drives. Essent~ally
,
however, the alignment checking procedure is the
same as for V-belts as detailed on page 6 of this *
manual.
Determine Direction Of Side Travel
Stock or standard Positive Drive belts will ride toward
the left flange. If only one flange is used, i t should be
placed on the left. If a drive requires that the belt ride
toward the right flange, "specral order" the belts in
mandrel quantities from the manufacturer.

DETERMINE DIRECTION OF S I D E TRAVEL

FOR USE W I T H B U S H I N G S W I T H INTEGRAL H U B

- W - E 7 r - W -r i - i - ii. - n

n
+ - &

~+3 - -
-ic b

TYPE AF TYPE CF TYPE DF

Fig. 13 Fig. 14
Table 11
Minimum Pulley Diameters
Recommended Minimum *
Pitch I I
S ~ e e dR D ~ Pitch Diam. in. I No. of Grooves

1160 ,637 -
lG X L
3/s in. 3500 1.913 16 L

U S E OF T H E R I G H T - H A N D R U L E

4. SELECTING BELTS
SIZE NOMENCLATURE
I (XH) 1 1160 1 .6.685 / ?4XR 1 BELT
2 2 5 L 0 7 5

/ (XXh) :16;?
I
9.549 ~ ~ X X H 1
! 87i 8753 1 2ZXXH
2 2 . 5 inch "L" 34'' (.75 inches)
'Smaller rl~arneter p u l l e y s c a n be user: I I a corresponding Pitch Length Pitch Wide
reouctl(,n , r , belt service I l f e 1 5 s a t ~ s ' a r r o r y

PULLEY
2. MOUNTING PULLEYS .; 6 i 0 7 5
P o s ~ t i v e[Iuve r;uIie),s arc, rnoijn1e.l ;:,?a rernc;~/rr:5I r l !nE
same manr!er a5 corlvent~onalL bel! %npa?irii F:>lic?fi.
!!ie same nro::e3ures as oijtlineC or1 :i;li.ci 2 2 clr?:! 5
of t n , ; manual an0 a: recommeqiie:: !;y t l l c na;le.,
:raq(jfactarer

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 5. MATCHING BELTS
Matching is not required for most Positive Drive belt
drives. However, if you have a special application
where matching is required, specify "matched belts"
on t h e order and allow sufficient lead time. Matching
code numbers will not appear on the belts. Two belts
2 inches wide will operate satisfactorily on a 4-inch
wide pulley.
6. INSTALLING BELTS
The belt should never be forced or pried over t h e pul-
ley flange during installation. Reduction of center dis-
tance or idler t e n s ~ o nwill permit the belt t o slide onto
the pulley easily. Otherwise, one or both pulleys should
be removed.
- L = t h e length of the belt.
To assure smooth operation and prevent premature
f a ~ l u r e ,belts in storage should be protected against
sharp bending or creasing. They should not be subject-
ed t o extreme heat, low temperature or high humidity.
7. TENSIONING BELTS
Posltlve Drive belts should be installed wlth a snug fit.
The snug fit will provide longer belt life, less wear on
bear~ngsand quieter operation. The belt's posltive
grip eliminates the need for high initial tensioning
Table 12 - Table of Values
8. BELT GUARDS
Belt guards insure safety and cleanliness. Screened,
-. meshed or g r ~ l l e dbelt guards are the most satisfactory
slnce they permit air t o circulate and allow heat t o
escape
9. IDLERS
Welther inside nor outside idlers are recommended for
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Posit~veDrive belts and should not be used except for
which could cause premature belt failure. A belt in
either the XH or XXH pitch can be installed with some
slack becauseof the deepertooth section unless shock
loads or reversals are abnormally high.
If the torque is unusually high, a loose belt may
"jump teeth" during startup. If this condition occurs,
gradually increase the tension until the belt operates
satisfactorily. A good rule of t h u m b is to install the
belt under of the allowable working tension shown
on page 6 0 of the Goodyear Positive Drive engineering
design manual. The precise tension can be determined
by using the method shown below.
Tensioning Method
The procedure t o properly tension a Positive Drive
belt is as follows:
1. Apply a force at the midpoint of the span between
the two pulleys. Deflect the belt 1/64" for each inch
of span length.
2. Installation tension should be regulated so that the
value of this applied force equals the value of f
given in the following fcrmula:
f =
T + (s/L) K
16
where s = t h e span distance in inches.
T = the tension in pounds found in
the Table.
K = t h e constant from t h e Table.
d is to
b e 1/64
of t h e value
of s
in ~ n c h e s .
3. If the deflecting force is less than that given in the
formula, the belt is too loose. If the deflecting force
is greater than that given in the formula the belt is
too tight.
power take-off or functional use. If an idler is neces-
sary, it should be on t h e slack side of the belt. Inside
idlers must be grooved unless in excess of 4 0 grooves.
Flat idlers must not be crowned (use edge flanges).
ldler diameters must exceed the diameter of the small
pulley. l d l e r a r c of c o n t a c t s h o u l d be h e l d t o a
minimum.
VARIABLE SPEED DRIVES 1. INSPECT SHEAVES
Types of Variable Speed Drives

Variable To Fixed Sheave

The condition of t h e sheaves should be checked be-
fore a new set of variable speed belts are installed.
Dirty o r rusty sheaves impair t h e drive's efficiency and
abrade the cover of the belt which results i n promature
failure. Remove any rust and wipe sheaves clean of
oil a n d grease.

Both Sheaves Variable

Motorized Unit Both Sheaves Variable

Inspect all moving parts f o r freedom of movement and
wear. Worn sheaves o r worn m o v i n g parts cause vi-
bration a n d reduce belt life.
-
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 2. ALIGNING SHEAVES
Typical Variable Speed Drive

WRONG-Check f o r misalignment
and offset distance "D"

--

Fig. 16 u

I w
D/2
Fig. 17

Note belt misalignment in Fig. 16. To correct move one sheave so that
the straight edge (Fig. 17) I S equid~stantfrom both sides of the narrow
sheave and so that the belt edge is equidistant from the straight edge.

3. SELECTING BELTS
Refer t o manufacturer's recommendations. The belt
length on fixed center drives with both pulleys variable
is c r ! t i c a l a n d a f f e c t s d r ~ v es p e e d v a r i a t i o n s . B e l t
!ength with one varrable and one fixed pulley is only
crltical as it p e r t a ~ n st o allowable increase and de-
crease i n center distances.

4. INSTALLING BELTS
Special care should be taken when installing variable
speed belts so that t h e belts and sheaves are not d a m -
aged. Thevariatorzsheavesmay have t o be fully opened
t o facilitate installation. The drive center distance may
also have t o be shortened t o allow for installation. One
o r both sheaves m a y have t o be removed. After as-
sembly, drive center distance should be returned t o
normal and the drive alignment should be rechecked
as outlined above.

5. TENSIONING BELTS
The s .p r i n g loaded pulley applies proper tension t o t h e
-

belt t o handle t h e design load. since they p e r m i t air t o circulate and allow heat t o
escape.
6. BELT GUARDS
-. Belt guards insure safety a n d cleanliness. Screened,
meshed o r grilled belt guards are t h e most satisfactory
7 . IDLERS
Idlers are not recommended f o r variable speed drives.

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 MAINTENANCE
V-belt drives are recognized as an extremely reliable
and efficient means of power transmission. Since they
are basically trouble-free, they are often ignored and
do not receive the minimal attention required to realize
their full benefit and life.
V-belt drive maintenance is not complicated, nor
does i t require a great deal of time or a large variety of
tools. The main ingredients of good maintenance are
t o look and listen and then t o correct apparent d r ~ v e
problems.
The following maintenance and trouble shooting 'e
pointers provide informati.on to help you establish an
effective V-belt drive maintenance program.

Look and Listen

Following installation of V-belts, inspect the drive Inspection of a V-belt drive is simply a matter of
and watch it while it runs. looking and listening.
(r

WHAT TO LOOK FOR:

1. OIL AND GREASE
Belts exposed to oil in spray, liquid or paste form
fail prematurely. A drive should be well "policed."
Leaky bearings should be repaired immediately.
Excess oil on a bearing will splash on the belts. If
these conditions cannot be corrected special oil-
resistant belts should be used.
Too little oil will cause bearing failure which, in
many cases, is blamed on the belts. This condi-
tion causes belts to burn out due t o overload.

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 2. DIRT 5. CRACKING
No equipment operates best when i t is dirty and belts Bottom cracking will not reduce the tensile strength
are no exception. Dirt accelerates belt wear and dirt or the operating efficiency of the belt. High tempera-
buildup in a sheave groove impairs traction. tures, small diameter pulleys and dust will accelerate
-b bottom cracks. Bottom cracking can be reduced by
using larger sheaves and larger reverse bend idler
Remove Dirt sheaves. It is not necessary to replace a belt simply
because bottom cracking has been observed.

3. ADDED LOADS 6. BELT DRESSING

Added loads shorten belt life. A check should be made Do not use belt dressing
t o see that no additional loads have been added since of any k ~ n d .
the original drive was selected. Take note of the drive
system shown In the following illustration.

This added load

m ~ g h reduce
t
m o t o r belt l i f e
t o 18 m o n t h s

overloaded n o w

4. BELT GUARDS
G u a r d s f o r d r i v e s i n s u r e safety a n d cleanliness.
Screened, meshed or grilled guards are most satis-
factory because they allow air to circulate and heat
to escape.

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 7 . VIBRATION 11. CHANGE IN RIDE OUT

Prevent belt w h ~ p p ~ n g

8. TENSION
Adjust t e n s ~ o nt o values shown i n tables 5 & 6, page 9
o r table 8, page 15.

9. HEAT
Change In r ~ d eout ~ n d ~ c a t euneven
s belt wear o r worn sheaves

12. LATERIAL VIBRATION

13. BELT WEAR

All belts are cured In a sc~entificallycontrolled t i m e

and temperature process. Belts operating In temper-
atures of less t h a n 140'F. are not materially affected;
however, at h ~ g h e r temperatures overcuring takes
place and shortens belt life. Belts operating In t e m -
peratures above 140-F. should be checked frequently
and a special heat-resistant construction should be
considered if belt life is not satisfactory.
Wear on s~dewalls~ n d ~ c a t econstant
s s l ~ p p a g e exces
,
slve dust, o r rough sheaves.

10. BELT TURN OVER 14. FOREIGN MATTER

Turned over belts ~ n d ~ c a tconditions

e of d r ~ v em l s - Broken belts or excessive wear can restilk f r o m the
alignment, worn sheaves or excessive vibration. presence of f o r e ~ g nmaterial.
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WHAT TO LISTEN FOR
This noise occurs during motor
acceleration or when the motor
is operating near or at full load.
It is a definite indication of belt
slippage and requires prompt
investigation. Squeal usually is
a result of insufficient belt ten-
sion. If it persists after all belts
have been checked and ten-
sion adjusted, the drive itself
should be examined for over-
loading.

2. SQUEAK
This sound is like that of a
chirping bird or a dry bearing.
It occurs on all types and all
makes of belts. Dust is often a
contributing factor. Never ap-
ply dressing or oil to a belt in
an effort to eliminate squeak.
Realignment of an idler may
help. Squeak is often annoy-
ing, but it will not harm belts.

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TROUBLESHOOTING -V-BELT PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
Cause of Failure - Excessive exposure to oil or grease has
caused the belt t o swell, become soft and the bottom envelope
seam to "open up."
Correction - Provide splash guards, do not over lubricate,
clean belts and sheaves with gasoline.
Cause of Failure - Cut bottom and sidewall indicate belt was
pried over sheave and damaged during installation.
Correction - Be sure t o use proper length belt and move
tensioning all the way "in" when installing belt.
Cause of Failure - Constant slippage caused by insufficient
tension in belt.
Correction - Tension drive i n accordance with equipment
manufacturers and this manual's recommendations.
Cause of Failure-Belt has evenly spaced deep bottom cracks
from use of a substandard backside idler.
Correction-Replace backside idler with an idler which is i n
accordance with the minimum size recommendation.
Cause of Failure-Split on side a t the belt pitch line indicates
use of a sheave with a substandard diameter.
Correction - Redesign drive t o utilize proper size sheaves.
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Cause of Failure - Weathering or "crazing" caused by the
elements and aggravated by small sheaves.
Correction - Provide protection for the drive and replace belt
or belts.
Cause of Failure - Spin burn caused by a frozen or locked
driven sheave.
Correction - Determine that the drive components turh freely
and tighten belt, if necessary.
Cause of Failure - Rough sheave sidewalls cause the cover
to wear off in an uneven pattern.
Correction-File or machine out the rough spot on t h e sheave
groove. If beyond repair, replace the sheave.
Cause of Failure - Ply separation caused by substandard
sheave diameter.
Correction - Redesign drive t o utilize proper size sheaves.
Cause of Failur-The load carrying member has been broken
by a shock load or damage during installation.
Correction - Maintain proper tensioning and observe proper
installation procedures.
 Cause of Failure - Tensile breaks can be caused by high
shock loads, foreign object between the bottom of the sheave
and the bottom of the belt or damage during installation.
Correction - Maintain proper drive tension and installation
procedures. Provide guard to keep foreign material from
coming in contact with the drive.
Cause of Failure-Excessive dust and rough sheaves combine
to cause severe envelope wear and early belt failure.
Correction - Mainta~nsheave condition, alignment and at-
L
icL
tempt to protect drive from excessive dust exposure.
Cause of Failure - Flange wear on PD synchronomous belt.
Correction - Adjust and maintain proper pulley alignment.
w Cause of Failure - Tooth shear caused by belt overload con-
dition from improper application or shock loads.
Correction - Consult engineering manual for proper appli-
cation and maintain proper belt tension.
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Cause of Failure - Back of the belt has been rubbing on a
belt guard or other appurtenance.
correction - Provide adequate clearance between belt and
guard o r any appurtenances.
Cause of Failure - Worn sheave grooves allows the joined
belt to ride too low cutting thru t o the top band.
Correction - Replace sheaves and maintain proper belt ten-
sion and sheave alignment.
Cause of Failure -Web fabric wear caused by improper belt
and pulley fit.
Correction - Check belt/pulley fit and replace worn or out-
of-spec pulleys.
Cause of Failure - Fabric wear caused by insufficient belt
tension or pulleys which are not t o the standard PD pulley
dimensions and tolerances.
Correction - Maintain proper tension and replace the out-of-
spec pulleys.
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