PROBLEM 11.

15
The acceleration of point A is defined by the relation a = 200 x(1 + kx 2 ),
where a and x are expressed in m/s 2 and meters, respectively, and k is a
constant. Knowing that the velocity of A is 2.5 m/s when x = 0 and 5 m/s
when x = 0.15 m, determine the value of k.

SOLUTION

Note that a is a given function of x

Use ( ) (
v dv = a dx = 200 x 1 + kx 2 dx = 200 x + 200kx3 dx )
Using the limits v = 2.5 m/s when x = 0,

and v = 5 m/s when x = 0.15 m,

∫2.5 v dv = ∫0 ( 200 x + 200kx ) dx

5 0.15 3

5 0.15
 v2   200 2 200 4 
  =  x + kx 
 2  2.5  2 4 0

52 2.52
= (100 )( 0.15 ) + ( 50 ) k ( 0.15 )
2 4
−
2 2

9.375 = 2.25 + 0.0253125k

Solving for k , k = 281 m −2 W

 PROBLEM 11.24
The acceleration of slider A is defined by the relation a = −2 1 − υ 2 ,
where a and υ are expressed in m/s 2 and m/s, respectively. The system
starts at time t = 0 with x = 0.5 m and υ = 0. Determine (a) the position
of A when v = − 0.8m/s, (b) the position of A when t = 0.2 s.

SOLUTION

Acceleration is a given function of velocity.

(a) Position when v = −0.8 m/s.

v dv v dv
From v dv = a dx, we get dx = =
a −2 1 − v 2

Integrating, using x = 0.5 m when v = 0.

v
v dv 1 
∫
x
0.5
dx =∫
v
0
or [ x] x
0.5
=  1 − v2 
−2 1 − v 2 2 0

x − 0.5 =
1
2 ( 1− v 2
− 1 ) or x=
1
2
1 − v2 (1)

1
1 − ( −0.8 )
2
When v = −0.8 m/s, x= x = 0.300 m W
2
(b) Position when t = 0.2 s.
dv dv
From dv = a dt we get dt = =
a −2 1 − v 2

Integrating, using t = 0 when v = 0.

dv 1 v
t v
∫0 dt = ∫0 , or [t ] t0 = − 2 sin −1 v  0
−2 1 − v 2

1 1
t − 0 = − sin −1 v − 0 t = − sin −1 v
2 2
Solving for v, v = sin ( −2t ) = − sin ( 2t )

When t = 0.2t s, 2t = 0.4 rad

v = − sin 0.4 = −0.3894 m/s

1
1 − ( −0.38941)
2
Using equation (1), x= x = 0.461 m W
2
 PROBLEM 11.35
v0
2 A truck travels 160 m in 8 s while being decelerated at a constant rate of
a = 0.5 m/s
0.5 m/s 2 . Determine (a) its initial velocity, (b) its final velocity, (c) the
distance traveled during the first 0.6 s.

SOLUTION

a = − 0.5 m/s2 x0 = 0

1 2
x = x0 + v0t + at
2

(a) Solving for v0 using x = 160 m when t = 8 s,

1 2
x − x0 − at f 160 − 0 − ( 0.5 )( −0.5 )( 8 )
2
v0 = 2 = v 0 = 22 m/s W
t 8

(b) At t = 8 s,

a fa f
v = v0 + at = 22 + - 0.5 8 v = 18 m/s W

(c) At t = 0.6 s,

a fa f 12 a-0.5fa0.6f
x = 0 + 22 0.6 +
2
x = 13.11 m W
 PROBLEM 11.40
Two rockets are launched at a fireworks performance. Rocket A is
launched with an initial velocity υ0 and rocket B is launched 4 seconds
later with the same initial velocity. The two rockets are timed to explode
simultaneously at a height of 80 m, as A is falling and B is rising.
Assuming a constant acceleration g = 9.81 m/s 2 , determine (a) the initial
velocity υ0 , (b) the velocity of B relative to A at the time of the
explosion.

v0 v0

SOLUTION

Choose x positive upward. Constant acceleration a = − g

Rocket launch data: Rocket A: x = 0, v = v0 , t = 0

Rocket B: x = 0, v = v0 , t = t B = 4 s

Velocities: Rocket A: v A = v0 − gt

Rocket B: vB = v0 − g ( t − t B )

1 2
Positions: Rocket A: x A = v0t − gt
2

1
Rocket B: xB = v0 ( t − tB ) − g ( t − tB ) ,
2
t ≥ tB
2

For simultaneous explosions at x A = xB = 80 m when t = t E ,

1 2 1 1 1
gt E = v0 ( t E − t B ) − g ( t E − t B ) = v0t E − v0t B − gt E2 + gt E tB − gtB2
2
v0t E −
2 2 2 2

gt B
Solving for v0 , v0 = gt E − (1)
2

 gt  1 2xA
Then, when t = t E , x A =  gt E − B  t E − gt E2 , or t E2 − t Bt E − =0
 2  2 g

Solving for t E , tE =
t B ± t B2 + ( 4 )(1) ( ) = 4±
2 xA
g
( 4 )2 + ( 4 )(1)( 2 )(80 )
9.81
= 6.507 s
2 2
 PROBLEM 11.40 CONTINUED

(a) From equation (1), v0 = ( 9.81)( 6.507 ) −

( 9.81)( 4 ) v0 = 44.2 m/s W
2

At time t E , v A = v0 − gt E vB = v0 − g ( t E − t B )

vB − v A = gt B = ( 9.81)( 4 ) vB/ A = 39.2 m/s W

 PROBLEM 11.51
A In the position shown, collar B moves to the left with a constant velocity
of 300 mm/s. Determine (a) the velocity of collar A, (b) the velocity of
portion C of the cable, (c) the relative velocity of portion C of the cable
C
with respect to collar B.
B

SOLUTION

Let x be position relative to the right supports, increasing to the left.

Constraint of entire cable: 2 x A + xB + ( xB − x A ) = constant

2vB + v A = 0 v A = −2vB

Constraint of point C of cable: 2 x A + xC = constant

2v A + vC = 0 vC = −2v A

(a) Velocity of collar A.

v A = −2vB = − ( 2 )( 300 ) = −600 mm/s v A = 600 mm/s W

(b) Velocity of point C of cable.

vC = −2v A = − ( 2 )( −600 ) = 1200 mm/s vC = 1200 mm/s W

(c) Velocity of point C relative to collar B.

vC/B = vC − vB = 1200 − 300 = 900 mm/s vC/B = 900 mm/s W

 PROBLEM 11.56
Collar A starts from rest at t = 0 and moves downward with a constant
acceleration of 180 mm/s 2 . Collar B moves upward with a constant
acceleration, and its initial velocity is 200 mm/s. Knowing that collar B
moves through 500 mm between t = 0 and t = 2 s, determine (a) the
accelerations of collar B and block C, (b) the time at which the velocity of
block C is zero, (c) the distance through which block C will have moved
at that time.

SOLUTION
Let x be position relative to upper support, positive downward.
Let d = value of x at lower support.

Constraint of cable: (d − x A ) + ( xC − x A ) + 2 xC + ( xC − xB ) = constant

4vC − vB − 2v A = 0, and 4aC − aB − 2a A = 0

(a) Accelerations of B and C.

a A = 180 mm/s 2 , ( v A )0 =0

1
v B = ( vB ) 0 + a B t , xB − ( xB ) 0 = ( vB ) 0 t + aB t 2
2

2  xB − ( xB )0 − ( vB )0 t  2  −500 − ( −200 )( 2 ) 
aB = = = −50 mm/s 2 a B = 50 mm/s 2 W
t 2
( 2) 2

1 1
aC = ( aB + 2a A ) = ( −50 + ( 2 )(180 ) ) aC = 77.5 mm/s 2 W
4 4

(b) When vC = 0.

1 1
( vC )0 = ( vB ) + 2 ( v A )  = ( −200 + 0 ) = −50 mm/s
 0 0
4 4

vC − ( vC )0 0 − ( −50 )
vC = ( vC )0 + aC t t = = t = 0.645 s W
aC 77.5

1 1
xC − ( xC )0 = ( vC )0 t + aBt 2 = ( −50 )( 0.645 ) + ( 77.5 )( 0.645 )
2
2 2

= −16.13 mm ∆xC = 16.13 mm W