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Respiratory Infections>>
Slides 1,2 :-
This slides show the anatomy of Respiratory system and the doctor said its just
for our own reference .
Now the respiratory system can be divided into 2 parts :
The upper respiratory tract (URT) which is composed of paranasal sinuses,
nasopharynx, oropharynx, epiglottis, and larynx which is also known as
the voice box.here the doctor mentioned previously that the URT has
some Indigenous microflora and some inhibitens,these usually live there
without causing diseases,but under some situations such as immune sub
regions or varies conditions,so basically the take home messages that
some of these indigenous microflora of the URT can cause opportunistic
diseases in human whether they re upper or lower respiratory infections
lower respiratory tract (LRT) ± trachea, bronchial tubes, and alveoli of
the lungs.General speaking that (LRT) are the most common cause of
death from infections diseases so they cause more death than
gastric,cns,cvs and other types of infections.
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[haryngitis : is inflammation of the mucus membrane of the pharyngeal
and of the underline tissue.
inusitis : is inflammation of the lining of one or more of the paranesal
sinusis.c
Bronchitis : is inflammation of the mucus membranes of the bronchial
tubesc
[neumonia : is inflammation of one or both lungs usually if u look at a
lung having [neumonia u will find some exudates in the alveoli so the
alveoli will have the exudates which contains the pathogens usually
white blood cells and fluids.c
Bronchopneumonia : is a combination of both bronchitis and
pneumonia.c
Epiglottitis : is inflammation of the epiglottitis and the epiglottitis is a
serious inflammation specially in children and infants because if the
epiglottis is severely inflame it can block the respiratory air way.c
Laryngitis : is inflammation of the larynx.c
lide 4 :
it talks about the ((Viral Infections of the URT)),first we have the
common cold which known as Acute Viral Rhinitis and its also known
as Acute Coryza so coryza means rhaninose so these diseases are
associated with nasal discharge,this cold can be caused by different
viruses.
The most common cause of the common cold are group of viruses called
Rhinoviruses and we have more than a 100 different serotypes within
this group.so lets say if u get infected with rhinovirus serotype number 5
and after a week u clear the infection,in the next week u can be infected
with another serotypes so within the same season u can get infected
multiple times by rhinoviruses and so on.and thats because the
rhinoviruses are not cross protective so u have antibodys generated
against one strain of the virus and cant be protected from a different
strain.
The 2nd most common cause of the common cold are group of viruses
called coronaviruses,and then we have get other causes which includes :
parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syuncytial virus
(RV), influenza viruses, adenoviruses, and
enteroviruses.
NowTransmission is basically according to your common sense so
anyway u can spread the virus from another person via respiratory
secretions by
way of hands and fomites or by direct contact with inhalation of airborne
droplets.
lide 5 :
It talks about the viral infections of the LRT.we will begin with Acute,
Febrile, Viral Respiratory Disease so since we have the word febrile
usually the infection is associated with some febrie and these can be
caused by a Varity of viruses and most of them are also associated with
the common cold itself.the causes includes : parainfluenza
viruses,respiratory syncytial virus (RV), adenovirus, rhinoviruses,
certain coronaviruses, coxsackieviruses, and echoviruse.
Next we have the influenza or flu can be caused by influenza viruses.we
have 3 types of these are A,B,C.type C is a milder virus and leads to
milder form of flu.types A and B are the ones that caused the more
significant disease.all of these can infect humans,C is just for human,B
the dr said he don¶t know if its just for human but A can be also found in
animals can be found in pits and birds and all the [roblems u hear about
in the news about influenza viruses like bird flu belong to influenza type
A.The most important type is influenza type A.it from human to human
and some animals. Now we have A B flu or birds flu,these are belong to
type A its usually a birds flu transmitted from bird to bird and rarely to
humans,but sertain types have been associated with higher chance to
transmitted to humans,we have some examples like H5,H7 and H9.the
most common type is H5 which can be able to transmitt to human.
But usually these types of infections hint to be more dangerous for
human because we hadn¶t experience these types before o We haven¶t
any protective way from these viruses.
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pathogen like called Cryptococcosis neoformans, which is an
encapsulated yeast.
o ppl with lower immunity can hand the yeast.the yeast is most likely
goes to the CV and lead to meningitis.
Next we have Histoplasmosis which can cause disease even in immuno
competitive individuals,so if you inhale the infected form of
histoplasmosia which is the capsulatum which can be found in soil or in
birds feces.so the fungus will germinate in your lung and will lead to a
lung infection and decimate and lead to damage varies organs in your
body.
Going back to the immunosupressed can develop other types of fungal
infections,like if you inhale the Î
  
 they can also
develop pneumonia
Now the last fungal infection disease is [neumocystis [neumonia which
is caused by [neumocystis jiroveci,which has classified as fungal and
protozoal properties.but it is now classified with the fungi ,it is very
specific for young infant.
The mode of trasmission way is unknown
lide 14 :
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c plz all 4give me 4 any mistake I tried 2 do my best ö
Hope all of us follow this speech:-
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