Internal assessment resource reference number Maths/2/5_E5

PAGE FOR TEACHER USE

2009

Internal Assessment Resource

Subject Reference: Mathematics 2.5

Internal assessment resource reference number:

Maths/2/5_E5

Picking fruit

Supports internal assessment for:

Achievement Standard: 90288 v2

Select a sample and use this to make an inference about the
population

Credits: 3

Date version published: July 2009

Ministry of Education For use in internal assessment

quality assurance status from 2009

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Teacher Guidelines:
The following guidelines are supplied to enable teachers to carry out valid and
consistent assessment using this internal assessment resource.

The assessment schedule must be adapted to include the evidence that is

expected from the candidates.

Context/setting:
This assessment is based on the scenario of an apple orchard. Students are given a
map of the orchard with data on each tree. Students must then select a sample and
make inferences to assist the orchard owner in making estimates about apple yields.

Note that stratification is difficult to justify for this task. While the numbers of apples
change as you go from South to North there are no clear divisions where subgroups
that are significantly different (yet are homogeneous within themselves) in terms the
numbers of apples per tree can be identified.

Conditions:
This is an individual classroom activity. It is recommended that up to two hours be
given for this assessment.

The activity can be split over two sessions. Recommended split is to do parts 1 – 3
in the first session and the rest in the second session.

Resource requirements:
Map and data.

Note:
It may be better to initially only hand out the map of the orchard. Once students
have selected their sample they can then get the data.

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2009

Internal Assessment Resource

Subject Reference: Mathematics 2.5

Internal assessment resource reference number: Maths2/5_E5

Picking Fruit

Supports internal assessment for:

Achievement Standard 90288 v2
Select a sample and use this to make an inference about the population
Credits: 3

Student Instructions Sheet

The Situation:
There are 280 trees in an apple orchard.

You have been given a copy of a map of the orchard.

Each tree is represented by a numbered square.

The orchard slopes upwards from rich soil near a river in the south towards a stony
ridge line to the north.

A busy road runs through the orchard.

Your Task
The orchardist has asked for information about the number of apples in the orchard.

It would take long too long to find the number of apples on every tree and so
sampling must be used.

1. Write down a purpose statement for your task. Use appropriate statistical
terminology.

2. Choose a sampling method and use it to take a sample of thirty trees.

3. Use the results of your sample to obtain a value that will help the orchardist.
Perform the necessary calculations and provide the orchardist with the required
information. Explain how you drew this conclusion.

4. Write the name of your sampling method and describe the method in
sufficient detail so that it could be carried out by someone else
without any knowledge of sampling.

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5. Give reasons for the sampling method you have used. You could
include reasons why you did not use another method. Comments
need to refer to the context of an orchard.

6. Discuss, in detail, two other sampling methods, how they could be

implemented, and why they might be used. Illustrate your answers
by referring to one or more actual situations – you may use the
situation given in this assessment or one or more of your own.

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MAP OF APPLE ORCHARD  North

(with tree numbers)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93

94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109

110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126

127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144

145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162

163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179

180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196

197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213

214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229

230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245

246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258

259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269

270 271 272 273 274 275 276

277 278 279 280

Road

River

ROAD

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Table showing 54. 98 113. 137 172. 109 231. 153

the number of 55. 100 114. 135 173. 107 232. 174
apples on the 56. 93 115. 126 174. 117 233. 187
trees 57. 90 116. 110 175. 119 234. 185
Tree No. of 58. 91 117. 118 176. 113 235. 188
No. apples 59. 87 118. 103 177. 114 236. 188
1. 77 60. 88 119. 98 178. 162 237. 175
2. 84 61. 95 120. 83 179. 158 238. 160
3. 73 62. 91 121. 93 180. 140 239. 121
4. 69 63. 90 122. 108 181. 145 240. 118
5. 82 64. 87 123. 112 182. 147 241. 128
6. 49 65. 85 124. 119 183. 147 242. 131
7. 73 66. 80 125. 120 184. 156 243. 152
8. 87 67. 78 126. 114 185. 163 244. 171
9. 70 68. 68 127. 118 186. 159 245. 178
10. 54 69. 78 128. 117 187. 155 246. 198
11. 34 70. 88 129. 110 188. 140 247. 207
12. 44 71. 90 130. 134 189. 120 248. 208
13. 64 72. 95 131. 141 190. 111 249. 212
14. 84 73. 101 132. 138 191. 121 250. 186
15. 94 74. 103 133. 125 192. 130 251. 172
16. 86 75. 107 134. 119 193. 150 252. 135
17. 74 76. 99 135. 107 194. 165 253. 127
18. 94 77. 102 136. 95 195. 159 254. 137
19. 71 78. 89 137. 91 196. 156 255. 140
20. 83 79. 98 138. 101 197. 141 256. 168
21. 81 80. 97 139. 104 198. 150 257. 187
22. 80 81. 105 140. 117 199. 168 258. 180
23. 73 82. 98 141. 120 200. 169 259. 217
24. 81 83. 87 142. 131 201. 171 260. 204
25. 78 84. 89 143. 142 202. 175 261. 209
26. 67 85. 78 144. 130 203. 170 262. 191
27. 89 86. 73 145. 121 204. 152 263. 164
28. 65 87. 83 146. 115 205. 139 264. 134
29. 61 88. 89 147. 126 206. 119 265. 144
30. 58 89. 97 148. 142 207. 118 266. 156
31. 68 90. 100 149. 149 208. 128 267. 204
32. 71 91. 105 150. 146 209. 129 268. 214
33. 75 92. 114 151. 156 210. 134 269. 222
34. 98 93. 109 152. 131 211. 152 270. 204
35. 77 94. 109 153. 115 212. 157 271. 174
36. 88 95. 107 154. 110 213. 155 272. 134
37. 91 96. 96 155. 101 214. 134 273. 151
38. 83 97. 95 156. 111 215. 144 274. 204
39. 79 98. 104 157. 120 216. 167 275. 208
40. 82 99. 118 158. 125 217. 170 276. 224
41. 85 100. 104 159. 141 218. 183 277. 161
42. 75 101. 104 160. 159 219. 176 278. 184
43. 83 102. 93 161. 156 220. 168 279. 214
44. 88 103. 88 162. 140 221. 179 280. 227
45. 88 104. 78 163. 135 222. 130
46. 77 105. 88 164. 129 223. 117
47. 71 106. 98 165. 130 224. 123
48. 64 107. 103 166. 144 225. 133
49. 66 108. 111 167. 151 226. 127
50. 76 109. 109 168. 148 227. 134
51. 75 110. 127 169. 152 228. 161
52. 81 111. 111 170. 144 229. 169
53. 87 112. 104 171. 123 230. 155

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Assessment Schedule: Maths/2/5_E5 - Picking Fruit

Assessment Task Evidence Judgement Sufficiency

Criteria
Select a sample and 1 Purpose statement All three
use this to make an involves estimating an parts must be
inference about the appropriate population complete for
population parameter (mean number Achievement
of apples per tree, total
number of apples in the
orchard)

2 Sample of at least 20
trees is taken.
ACHIEVEMENT

3 Appropriate sample The inference must be a

statistic calculated and an
inference is made.
”an estimate of the mean
number of apples per tree
is....”, “an estimate of the
total number of apples in
the orchard is..”
contextual point estimate,
be sensibly rounded and
demonstrate an
understanding of the
difference between a
sample statistic and a
population parameter.

A range of acceptable
comments must be
included in the
schedule to ensure
consistency of
assessor judgements.

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Assessment
Task Evidence Judgement Sufficiency
Criteria

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ACHIEVEMENT WITH MERIT

Describe and 4 Describe SYSTEMATIC – Achievement
justify the • Name of method random start and plus
method and • Number the population whole list used for requirements
used to members selection. for Describe,
select the • Use random numbers with the SIMPLE RANDOM – Justify
sample. with appropriate number of list numbered, random method AND
digits numbers used, Justify
• Generate/obtain random repeats discarded. inference(s).
STRATIFIED – choice
numbers
of strata, calculation of
• Match random numbers with
proportions, random
population members
selection within strata.
• Ignore repeats or numbers “out
of range” While a minor error or
• Repeating until the desired omission can be
sample size achieved accepted there must
• Select the starting point be enough detail in
(systematic sampling) the description to
• Determine the interval length enable replication.
(systematic sampling)
• Determine sub-sample sizes
(stratified sampling)

5
At least one valid
justification that
Justify sampling method makes reference to
SRS – easy and quick, no strata, the characteristics of
the population.
produces an unbiased sample. If
bias is mentioned then a
contextual understanding of it
would be expected, eg giving an
example of a case where a biased
sample would be obtained.
Systematic – no known patterns of
the numbers of apples on trees.
Justify 3 Stratified is not obvious as there
inferences are no clear subgroups that are
At least one valid
made about significantly different. justification or one
the valid comment
population. recognising variability
Justify inference of sampling.
Justification (qn3) is unambiguous
and will refer to sample value – eg
estimate of population mean is ...
because sample mean is .....
OR
A comment that recognises the
variability of sampling – that if
another sample was taken then a
different inference would be
obtained (but if the process was
repeated a number of times it
would be expected that most
sample means would be ‘close’ to
the population mean).

A range of acceptable comments

must be included in the schedule to

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Assessment
Task Evidence Judgement Sufficiency
Criteria
Critically 6 The method used is clearly Where some comments Merit plus 6
evaluate the justified (qn5) and two other lack depth other
sampling sampling methods (qn6) are evaluation comments
ACHIEVEMENT WITH EXCELLENCE

process. discussed in detail, with (such as a detailed

differences between variability comment)
methods identified and would support the
references to possible award of Excellence
contexts.

Comments must use correct

statistical language and
have no contradictions or
evidence of
misunderstanding.

A range of acceptable
comments must be included
in the schedule to ensure
consistency of assessor
judgements.

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