Mm-10 Tank Cleaning Machine

Comments on Pages: 1 & 40 of COW Manual
Final
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drawing
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Including:
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- Instruction Manual SC30TL

21
Century
- instruction Manual SC15TW
- Deck layout
- Shadow diagram
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CSN 261
DWT 13K
- COW manual
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- ABS type approval certificate
269
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Scanjet Marine AB
Tel: + 46 31 338 7530
W eb: www.scanjet.se Scanjet Project no. 81248
Instruction manual SC30TL

Instruction manual SC15TW

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Deck layout
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Shadow diagram

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COW manual

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ABS Type Approval Certificate

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INSTRUCTION
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MANUAL
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SC 30TL
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#SC30TL-01-050620
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SCANJET MARINE AB, P.O. Box 2, S-275 21 SJÖBO, Sweden
Telefax no. +46 (0)416 511 656, Telephone no. +46 (0)416 513 100
Page 2 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
This manual apply for the following products:
Type Date
SC 30TL 05-06-20
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File: SC30TL-05-050620.doc
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Page 3 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
CONTENTS
DESCRIPTION PAGE
INTRODUCTION 4
WORKING PRINCIPE 5
TECHNICAL DATA 6-8
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OPERATION
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- Start up 9-10
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- Programming 11
- Cleaning procedure, solidifying cargo 12
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- Calculation of cleaning time 13-16
- Speed Adjustment 17
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- During operation 18
- Closing down 19-20
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MAINTENANCE
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- Regular 21
- Every 12 month 22
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- Every 24 month 23-24
- Major overhaul 25
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REMOVAL OF DRIVING UNIT 26
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REMOVAL OF INLET HOUSE 27
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FAULT FINDING 28
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TOOL KIT 29
SPARE PART KIT /VESSEL 30
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HOW TO ORDER SPARE PARTS 31
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SPARE PART LIST 32-37
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BASIC SETTINGS 38
NOTES 39
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This manual is intended to assist in the handling and operation of the Scanjet 30T Tank
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Cleaning System. Continuous product improvement is the policy of Scanjet Marine AB
and we reserve the right to alter the specifications at any time without prior notice.
Page 4 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
INTRODUCTION
INSTALLATION GUIDE
SCANJET model 30TL is a tank-cleaning machine
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specially developed for cleaning of cargo and slop tanks
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onboard chemical/product carriers. The size, construction
and cleaning requirements of these tanks are design
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criteria, which have been evaluated prior to installation in
your vessel.
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SCANJET 30TL tank cleaning machine consists of two
main parts. One washing unit that is fixed installed in deck
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and a turbine driven drive unit.
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The washing unit is tailor-made for each specific tank in
respect size of nozzle.
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The cleaning procedure will start by opening the valve for
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cleaning media. The drive unit will now move the nozzle
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and turn the main pipe creating a horizontal spiral-
cleaning pattern. When the cleaning procedure is finalised
the valve is to be closed.
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Note: When Pos. xx is mentioned in the manual it is
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referring to a part in the sparepart brakedown list.
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IMPORTANT!
NOTE! The use of tankcleaning machine may cause static electricity why measures
must be taken in order to avoid sparks and possible explosion by having the tanks inert
at time of cleaning.
Page 5 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The cleaning media comes from the supply line
onboard the vessel and enter into the inlet housing and
passes the vertical turbine, which drives the driving
unit.
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The cleaning media continue through the main pipe to
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the nozzles and then out in the tank.
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The driving unit will rotate the main pipe and elevate
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the nozzle and will hereby clean the tank in a spherical
pattern. The rotation speed is controlled by the rotation
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speed of the turbine and could easily be set to desired
speed.
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The rotation of the main pipe and the elevation of
nozzle are indicated on the scale on the lifting rod.
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The elevation per revolution (Pitch) for the nozzle can
be set to different pre-programmed values by means of
push or pull the program knob. (See below).
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Up disengage
Down engage
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Page 6 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
TECHNICAL DATA
Supply data: Scanjet 30 TL is operated with a supply of cleaning media at a flow of approx.,
5-65 m³/h and at an inlet pressure of 0.6-1.2 MPa.
Rotating Speed: The rotation speed can vary between 1-1,6 rpm, depending on the supply
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data and settings. The rotation speed can also vary with climate. In cold climate the machine
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might rotate slower.
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Weight: Machine with 1 m length of main pipe Approx. 36kg
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Per additional meter of main pipe Approx. 10kg
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Driving unit Approx. 12kg.
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Material:
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Inlet housing and main pipe AISI 316L, SS2348, WST 1.4404 otherwise
makers standard.
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Performance data: The table below shows the flow and effective jet length for each
combination of inlet pressure and nozzle diameter.
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Supply
Nozzle dia
Nozzle dia
Nozzle dia
Nozzle dia
Nozzle dia
pressure
Ø 8 mm
Ø 10 mm
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Ø 12 mm
Ø 14 mm
Ø 16 mm
MPa
Flow
Jet
Flow
Jet
Flow
Jet
Flow
Jet
Flow
Jet
m³/h
length
m³/h
length
m³/h
length
m³/h
length
m³/h
length
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m
m
m
m
m
0,6 7 12 m 9,5 14 m 12,5 15 m 17 17 m 19 17 m
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0,8 8 13 m 11 16 m 14 17 m 19 19 m 22 20 m
1,0 9 14 m 11,5 17 m 16 19 m 21 20 m 25 22 m
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1,2 9,7 15 m 13 18 m 17,5 20 m 23 21 m 27 23 m
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Effective Jet length (Radius)
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Other nozzles and maximum Jet Length available upon request.

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Page 7 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
GENERAL INSTALLATION DATA
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Page 8 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
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Deck flange
Deck flange No.

A1 B1 C1
XXX dim
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Scanjet Standard. 30379-01 Ø245 Ø215 Ø18x8 151
6-N
PN16 DN150 30379-02 Ø285 Ø240 Ø23x8 151
JIS 5K 200A 30379-13 Ø320 Ø280 Ø23x8 156
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PN 6 DN100 30379-26 Ø210 Ø170 Ø18x4 151
JIS 10K 200A 30379-30 Ø330 Ø290 Ø23x12 156
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Inlet flanges
Inlet house No. A2 B2 C2
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2” Valve flange 30111-00
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PN16 DN40 30111-01 Ø150 Ø110 Ø18x4
PN16 DN50 30111-02 Ø165 Ø125 Ø18x4
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JIS 10/16K 40A 30111-05 Ø140 Ø105 Ø19x4
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JIS 10K 50A 30111-06 Ø155 Ø120 Ø19x4
JIS 16K 50A 30111-07 Ø155 Ø120 Ø19x8
JIS 10K 65A 30111-08 Ø175 Ø140 Ø19x4
JIS 16K 65A 30111-09 Ø175 Ø140 Ø19x8
ANSI 2” 150lb 30111-21 Ø152.4 Ø120.6 Ø19x4
Page 9 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
OPERATION
Starting up
1. Remove protective cover. Remove the drainage plug under the driving unit
and drain it.
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Warning: Do not handcrank machine with prewash programknob in down position.

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2. Pull up all program knobs, check that the machine could be hand cranked
one full cycle. Set nozzles to desired starting point by using the hand-
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manoeuvring device and remove the inspection plug (A) at the cofferdam.
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Page 10 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
3. Open the inlet valve slowly to start the machine.
NOTE! IF THE MACHINE IS STARTED TO FAST, THE MAGNETIC
COUPLING WILL RELEASE AND THE VALVE MUST BE
COMPLETELY CLOSED PRIOR TO RESTART.
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4. Set desired program by pulling or press down the program knob.
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Up disengage
Down engage
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5. Remount the inspection plug (A) when the cleaning is finished
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Page 11 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
Setting Programs
The standard drive unit is delivered with four pre-setted programs giving the following
degrees of vertical elevation per revolution of main pipe (pitch) and as an option the Prewash
program might be included in your delivery.
NOTE! Pre-setted programs may vary from below spec. Please check your "White board for
tankcleaning" for programs installed on your vessel.
Action Standard
Optional
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Elevation
Elevation
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All program knobs in upper position 0 0
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One program knob pushed down
°/
1,5
rev °/
2,5
rev
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Two program knobs pushed down
°/
3,0
rev °/
5,0
rev
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Three program knobs pushed down
°/
4,5
rev °/
7,5
rev
(Optional)
°/ °/
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60
rev 60
rev
Prewash knob pushed fully down
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Engage prewash
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The Prewash knob (marked with P) has three possible positions. The first is fully up, this
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means no program engaged for this knob. Halfway down means an elevation of 1,5
rev
°/
°/
(2,5
rev). The third is pushed fully down and this is the
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Prewash position.
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To engage the prewash, push down the prewash knob while the
machine is running until the knob enters the prewash position,
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fully down. (May take 4-8 seconds)
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Disengage prewash
When the machine is running in prewash it might be difficult to
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pull up the prewash knob, in this case use the hand-cranking tool “carefully” to unload the
pressure on the prewash knob. Push the hand cranking tool gently ahead the rotation, be very
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careful.
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Note: Do not handcrank machine with prewash programknob in down position.

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Page 12 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
Cleaning procedure for solidifying cargoes
•
During transport of cargo, sediments might be created in the bottom of the tank. The tank-
cleaning machine must be blown with air/nitrogen and the elevation of the machine must
be hand-cranked every week. This will prevent sediments from being stacked in the gears
at the nozzle house.
•
After
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discharge, prior to starting up tankcleaning operation, the machine must be hand-
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cranked in order to verify that no sediments are stacked in the gears.
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•
When starting the tankcleaning machine all program knobs should be lifted up the first
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60-sec of the cleaning. This will disconnect the gearbox from elevation and the gears in
the tank will be flushed without being engaged. Install the desired program after the 60-
6-N
sec and continue the operation as normal.
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Page 13 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
Calculation of cleaning time
A) Calculation of cleaning time for a cycle
The cleaning time depends of the following:
Choose program with its characteristic pitch
Angle:
A (elevation/ rev.)
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Rotation speed of main pipe (indicated on
lifting rod on top of the machine)
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B (sec/rev.)
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Washing angle
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C (degrees)
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Cleaning time
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D (minutes)
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Cleaning time D=(CxB)/(Ax60)
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Example 1: Prewash program is set and one turn of main pipe takes 50
sec (measured with a wrist watch by checking time for one run indicated
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by lifting rod). How long time does it take to wash the tank (one full
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cycle)?
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A = Pitch 60
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B = 50
C = 180 (180 to 0 degrees)
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Cleaning time D=(180x50)/(60x60)= 2.5 minutes
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# SC 30TL-01
Example 2: Commercial cleaning one program knob has been pressed
down. We would like to do a cleaning between 120 degrees and 45
degrees. How long time does it take?
A = 3.0 degrees/rev
B = 50
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C = 75 degrees
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Cleaning time D=(75x50)/(3.0x60)= ~21 minutes
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B) Calculation of cleaning time for getting out a certain amount of cleaning media
(prewash).
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- The total flow Q (m³/h) through the nozzles is calculated by adding the flow for each nozzle
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at the specific pressure used. See table at page 6.
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- Needed amount of washing media R (m³) calculated as per Prewash Regulations.
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- The time T the machine must be in operation is then calculated as:
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T=R/Q*60 (min)
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Example 3:
- Prewash rules gives that 3 m³ of cleaning media should be used.
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- We have a gun with a 10 mm nozzle and will operate the tankcleaning machine at 10 bar
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pressure.
- How long time should we operate the machine?
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Solution
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Table at page 6 shows that at 10 bar and 10 mm nozzle will give a flow of 11,5 m³/h per
nozzle.
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Needed time T=3/11,5*60= 15,5 min
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# SC 30TL-01
Waterflow for different nozzle sizes at
specific inlet pressure
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Ø 8
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Ø 10
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Ø 12
Ø 14
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q(m^3/h)
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Ø 16
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P(bar)
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Page 16 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
Standard (1.5º pitch per knob)
Cleaning time for full cycle (180°) at different cleaning programs
depending on the rotation speed for the main pipe
200
P1=1,5°/rev
175
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P2=3,0°/rev
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150
P3=4,5°/rev
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Cycle time (min)
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P4=Prewash
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100
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75
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0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2
Rotation speed of gun (r/min)
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Optional (2.5º pitch per knob)
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Cleaning time for full cycle (180°) at different cleaning programs
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depending on the rotation speed for the main pipe
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P1=2,5°/rev
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P2=5,0°/rev
80
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P3=7,5°/rev
Cycle time (min)
70
60
P4=Prewash
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50
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30
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10
0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2
Rotation speed of gun (r/min)
Page 17 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
Speed Adjustment
Changing the rotating speed for the turbine sets the rotating speed of the main pipe. This is
done by changing position of the conical turbine in its sleeve. The speed can be adjusted while
operating the machine by doing the following: Note that the machine might rotate slower in
cold climate.
1. Look at the top nut (pos 103) through the cofferdam hole (E). The time it
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takes for one turn can be measured with a wristwatch.
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2. The speed should be 1-1.6 rpm if not, adjust as followed.
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3. Remove protective cup (A) (Key No. 25).
4. Loosen contra nut (B) (Key No. 30).
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Stop the machine while adjusting the screw, and start again when the contra nut are tightened.
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Check the speed, if not ok adjust again.
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5. Set the adjusting screw (D) to get the desired speed by using a special short
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Allen key No. 6. By lifting the adjusting screw (D) the speed will reduce
and vice verse. The fastest speed that is possible to get is when the turbine
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is running with a minimal gap between the turbine and the sleeve. This is
achieved by lowering the turbine until it stops and then raise it approx. ½ a
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turn.
6. After the speed has been set, tighten contra nut (B).
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7. Recheck the speed of the machine step 1-2 and if OK check for leakages at
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the adjusting screw. If leakages occur change O-ring (C) (Pos. 144).
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8. Replace the protective cap (A).
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Protective cap
Page 18 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
During operation
During the cleaning operation the machine should be inspected and checked for leakage by
opening inspection cover in cofferdam (A). Make sure that the machine operates, as it should
by looking through the cofferdam hole (A) to see that the top nut rotates with correct speed
approx. 1-1,6 rpm. Also check that the lifting rod is rotating and elevating (B).
Note! That leakage at the nozzle house and at the pipe support
is normal and necessary to
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flush the Teflon bearings. During cold water rinsing the leakage is considerably higher then
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during hot water rinsing.
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Page 19 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
Closing down
When the cleaning operation is finalised the following should be done.
1. Close the main valve that will end the cleaning and stop the drive
unit.
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2. Make sure that the machine is left with the nozzle pointing
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downwards as this automatically drains the main pipe and ensures that
no water will be left in the unit.
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The nozzle is pointing downwards when the lifting rod is in its lowest
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position. If necessary the nozzle should be hand manoeuvred by using
the hand cranking device to get the nozzle pointing downwards and remount
inspection plug (A).
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Note: Before hand cranking the drive unit disconnect programs by pulling up all
program knobs.
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Page 20 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
3. Disconnect the hose and replace the dust cap.
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Page 21 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
MAINTENANCE
Regular inspection before operation:
- Check strainer for free flow. Remove all particles (A).
- Hand crank the machine in order to verify that elevation of the nozzle runs smoothly
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- Inspect cofferdam for leakage (B), this has to be done during operation while the inlet house
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is pressurised.
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program knobs.
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Page 22 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
Every 12 month or every 300h operation whichever comes first:
- Add lubricating grease on gears.
Suitable grease is: Mobil OGL 007 or equal to this specification.
If another type of grease is used, the gearbox has to be cleaned and all old grease must be
removed.
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- Inspect nozzle and flow guides so no particles are stacked and inspect the bearings at the
nozzle house. Change if particles are stacked in the bearings or if bearings are worn out.
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NOTE! When replacing old/new bearings (158, 158) at the nozzle house the bearing flange
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(157) should be screwed in by hand to finger tight position and then unscrew ½-3/4 turn
prior to fit in the split pin 156. This is important in order to get the correct clearance for
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flushing the bearing during the cleaning.
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Page 23 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
Every 24 month or every 300h operation whichever comes first:
- Check gears and bearings for wear if necessary replace.
- Check the gearbox so it is properly greased. If necessary, refill.
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Suitable grease is: Mobil OGL 007 or equal to this specification.
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If another type of grease is used, the gearbox has to be cleaned and all old grease must be
removed.
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- Check and change bearings at nozzle house if needed.
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Page 24 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
- Inspect, and change if necessary, lower shaft with turbine ball bearing (Pos. 138) by
removing driving unit and open cover to magnetic transmission. Check the upper shaft (Pos.
130) and lower shaft (Pos. 135) for wear. Change if necessary.
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Protect upper magnet
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from dirt and damage
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Grease thread with
DEPAC antiseize grease
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Upper shaft (Pos. 130)
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Lower shaft (Pos. 135)

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Page 25 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
Major overhaul at time of drydocking vessel
- Check gears and bearings for wear if necessary replace.
- Change all grease in the gearbox by dismantling the unit, removing all old lubrication and
adding new grease.
- Change all sealings at the top of the inlet house. (Pos. 101, 105, 107, 109, 110, 117, 118,
121, 122, 123, 126, 132, 144).
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- Change all sealings in the drive unit. (Pos. 9, 10, 17, 22, 26, 35, 37, 39, 76, 77).
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- Make a complete survey of the gun unit installed below deck. Check that the nozzle has a
free flow and is properly attached.
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- Change all bearings at the nozzle house. (Pos. 158, 159).
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- Inspect on mainpipe Pos. 155, anchorpipe Pos. 119 and lifting rod Pos. 150. both for wear
and the weldings for damages. If needed replace or send to workshop for refurbishment.
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- Always replace Pos. 152 and 154 when the lifting rod is removed from the main pipe
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Page 26 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
REMOVAL OF DRIVING UNIT
To remove the driving unit from the washing unit at time of service etc. the following
procedure should be followed:
1. Remove the protective cover (A).
2. Hand crank the machine to the lowest position (0°).
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program knobs.
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3. Undo the coupling shaft by using a box wrench (13mm)
and a hammer (B).
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NOTE! To undo screw clockwise! (left threaded)
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4. Undo the four bolts, as showed below, and lift the drive
unit off the washing unit.
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5. Protect the upper magnet from dirt (steel chips etc.) and
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damages.
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Page 27 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
REMOVAL OF LOCATION SLEEVE/INLET HOUSE
To remove the inlet house or the location sleeve the following procedure should be followed:
1) Lift up the machine from the tank.
2) Remove retaining ring (A).
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3) Undo the locking screw (B).
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4) Undo the top nut by using tool 30075 (C).
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5) Remove the location sleeve by using tool 30082 (D).
6-N
6) Change the sealings and replace the sleeve.
7) Use Loctite (577) thread sealing when remounting
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screw (B). When remounting screw B make sure that
the screw B hits the groove in the anchor pipe.
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8)
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When changing Pos. 121 and 122 remove inlet house
completely.
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9) When changing bearing Pos 190 remove the deck
flange with support completely from the main pipe.
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NOTE! Prior to carrying out point no. 6, the
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thread of the anchor pipe must be protected by
tape in order not to damage the sealing.

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Page 28 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
FAULT FINDING
If the Machine does not run:
In order to check and get the machine in operation, carry out the following inspection:
1. Inspect the strainer at the inlet flange and remove any dirt that might be stacked.
Disengage Prewash and use the hand cranking tool to manually elevate the nozzle.
0
2. Open the inspection plug (C) and try to start the machine by opening the inlet valve
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slowly. Check that the pressure is correct!
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3. Remove the protective cap (A) at the drive unit.
Check that the turbine is rotating freely by using an
6-N
Allen key (B) as shown.
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4. Check through the cofferdam hole (C) if the top
nut is rotating. If so everything is OK. If not
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continue below.
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5. Remove the drive unit and check that the upper
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magnet is running easy by rotating it by hand.
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Inspect the cover if there are any marks indicating
that the upper magnet has been stacked on the
cover.
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6. Open up the turbine cover (Pos. 125) and inspect the underside if the lower magnet has
been going in to the cover and created marks. If so replace the lower magnet (Pos. 129)
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and or turbine cover (Pos. 125).
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7. Open the turbine housing by unscrewing turbine cover (Pos. 125) with tool (30074).
Remove the screws (Pos. 124) for the turbine house sleeve, use a pair of tongs to lift it up.
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Check that there is no dirt in the turbine. Replace the turbine and check so that it is
running smoothly. Adjust the Adjusting sleeve if necessary.
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8. Check the nozzle so that no dirt is stacked in it. Look at the nozzle while starting the
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machine and if the water-jet is diffuse there might be dirt stacked in the nozzle.
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If the Machine runs with wrong speed:
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1. Change the turbine speed as per page 17 and check pressure and flow.
Page 29 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
TOOL KIT
For normal maintenance and operation the following tools are included in Scanjet tool kit:
Pos. Qty. Part No. Description
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9
1 1 12020 Tool box
0
-20
2 1 12030 Box Wrench 10 mm
3 1 12040 Box wrench 13 mm
OV
6-N
d1
7 1 12060 Set of Hexagon bar wrench
te
8 1 12061
Da
Short 6 mm hexagon key
9 1 12065 Tong for retaining rings
85
269
10 2 20127 Indication arrow
f5
Re
11 2 30072 Device for manual elevation
ter
Let
12 1 30074 Tool for turbine cover
san
13 1 30075 Tool for coupling sleeve
Bu
BS
14 1 30082 Tool for inlet sleeve
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15 1 30083 Shaft
Se
16 1 250007 Mobil OGL 007 grease 0,5kg
Page 30 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
Spare parts kit SC 30TL /Vessel. List dated 2005-06-20
POS. NO
QTY. SC PART NO. DESCRIPTION MATERIAL
4 2 120319 Ring SS
11 3 104441 Screw SS
9
12 3 106104 Washer SS
0
40 2 104758 Screw SS
-20
76 2 120262 O-Ring Viton
100 2 120305 Retaining Ring Bronze
OV
6-N
112 2 120299 Plug Plastic
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124 2 104713 Screw SS
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Page 31 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
How to order spare parts
Washing Unit
When ordering spare parts the following data must be referred to for securing a correct and
rapid delivery.
0 9
Please note that each washing unit is marked at the inlet housing as showed on fig below.
-20

Example:
OV
Name of Vessel / Hull no: Name and original new build No.
6-N

Invoice address: Customer name and adress
d1

Consignee: Customer responsible person
te

Da
Your order no:
85

Contact Person: Customer contact person
269
Mode of delivery: By mail, courier etc.
f5
Re
Latest ETA destination: Shipping adress
ter
Shipping mark: Marking of delivery
Let
Type of equipment: SC30TL, length of machine and nozzle size
san
Serial no: Serial numbers of machines both driving unit and washing unit
Bu
Spare part list :
BS
eA
POS PART NO QTY DESCRIPTION
_______________________________________________________
Se
....... ................. ....... ...................................
....... ................. ....... ...................................
....... ................. ....... ...................................
....... ................. ....... ...................................
Page 32 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
Spare part breakdown Washing unit 30TL. List dated 2005-06-20
9
0
-20
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6-N
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Page 33 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
Spare part breakdown Washing unit 30TL. List dated 2005-06-20
9
0
-20
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6-N
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Page 34 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
Spare parts breakdown SCANJET SC 30 TL List dated 2005-06-20
Note! Spare parts number may be changed without prior notice.
Final spare parts numbers will be issued for “shipset manual”.
POS. NO
QTY. SC PART NO. DESCRIPTION
Depending on nozzle size there is some parts that differs. See chapter Basic Setting for information
9
about your specific settings
0
1 1 30064 Shaft
-20
2 1 30065 Washer
3 1 30066 Cover
OV
4 1 120319 Ring
5 1 104443 Screw
6-N
6 2 30063-1 Knob 1,5
6 (2) 30063-3 Knob 2,5, According to order
d1
7 3 105089 Screw
8 2 30062 Program shaft
te
9 1 109035 O-Ring
10 3 108730 O-Ring
Da
11 8 104441 Screw
12 9 106104 Washer
85
13 1 30002-1111 Cover 1,5º Complete with O-rings, shafts and bearings
13 (optional) 30002-1121 Cover 2,5º Complete with O-rings, shafts and bearings
269
14 1 30038 Bearing
15 4 104862 Screw
f5
16 1 30049 Gear
17 1 120258 O-Ring
Re
18 1 20083 Guide sleeve
19 1 30051 Driving sleeve, Incl. Pos 17,18
ter
20 1 103261 Retaining ring
21 1 20089 Ruler
Let
22 1 30067 Sealing
23 1 30063-2 Knob 1,5/P
23 (1) 30063-4 Knob 2,5/P, According to order
san
24 1 30061 Prewash Shaft
25 3 120347 Retaining Ring
Bu
26 1 120259 O-Ring
27 1 120348 Plug
BS
28 1 30359 Coupling shaft
29 1 20062-2 Washer
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30 1 30036 Washer
31 6 104741 Screw
32 1 30052 Gear, Incl. Pos 52, 53, 54
Se
33 1 30034 Sleeve
34 1 30026 Washer
35 1 109211 O-Ring
36 1 30360 Continous screw, Incl. Pos 35, 37, 38
37 1 108765 O-Ring
38 1 20085 Washer
39 1 108806 O-Ring
40 4 104758 Screw
41 1 30069 Pin
42 1 25076 Spring
Page 35 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
43a 1 120319 Retaining Ring
44 2 30068 Washer
44a 1 30088 Washer
9
45 1 30053-1-L Feeder Arm 1,5/3/4,5, Incl. Pos 46, according to order
0
45 1 30053-2-L Feeder Arm 2,5/5/7,5, Incl. Pos 46, according to order
-20
46 1 108205 Freewheel, Order Pos. 45
47 1 120288 Washer
OV
48 1 30045 Gear
49 1 108205 Freewheel, Order Pos. 51
6-N
50 1 30073 Pin
51 1 30054 Bearing House, Incl. Pos. 49
d1
52 1 20091 Key
53 1 102470 Rivet
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54 1 120312 Bearing
55 5 120342 Bearing
Da
56 1 30044 Shaft
57 1 103615 Key
85
58 1 30048 Gear
59 1 30028 Washer
269
60 1 120343 Bearing
61 3 120286 Washer
f5
63 2 30047 Gear
Re
64 1 30043 Shaft
65 3 103614 Key
ter
66 3 30027 Bearing
67 3 120341 Bearing
Let
68 2 104641 Screw
69 2 120289 Washer
70 1 30055 Plate, Incl. Pos. 55 (5 pcs.)
san
71 1 30042 Shaft
72 1 30046 Gear
Bu
73 1 30041 Shaft
74 1 30001-11 Housing, Incl. Pos. 60, 67 (3 pcs.)
BS
75 1 120311 Plug
76 1 120262 O-Ring
eA
77 1 109042 O-Ring
78 1 30040 Shaft
79 1 106927 Ball Bearing
Se
81 1 20047 Upper magnet
82 1 105964 Nut
83 1 120279 Washer
84 3 30127-1 Spring Washer
85 1 120306 Drainage plug
Page 36 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
101 1 109239 O-Ring
9
101 1 110502 O-Ring Zallac Optional
0
101 1 110532 O-Ring Kalrez Optional
-20
102 2 104737 Screw
103 1 30018 Topnut Incl. Pos. 101, 102, 105
OV
104 1 105104 Screw
105 1 109264 O-Ring
6-N
d1
106 1 30021 Bearing
107 1 30023 Bearing
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108 1 30009 Sleeve, Including 109, 110
109 1 109275 O-Ring

Da
110 1 109268 O-Ring
85
111 1 30111-xx Inlet house (According to order, see page 8)
269
112 1 120299 Plug
113 4 106527 Rivet
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114 1 70104 Plate
115 4 105926 Nut
Re
116 4 106148 Washer
117 1 30020 Bearing
ter
118 1 110409 O-Ring
119 1 30365 Anchor pipe
Let
120 1 105102 Screw
121 1 50024 Bearing
122 1 50072 Sealing
san
123 1 109285 O-Ring
124 3 104713 Screw
Bu
125 1 30008 Cover, Including 126, 127
126 1 120260 O-Ring
BS
127 1 Bearing
128 1 120295 Ball
eA
129 1 20006 Lower magnet, Including 130
130 1 20029 Shaft
131 1 20104 Spring
Se
132 1 20017 Bearing
133 1 20016 Turbine housing
134 1 104206 Pin
135 1 30007 Turbine shaft Including 134, 136
136 1

Ball
137 1 20013-xx Turbine
137 a 21013-xx Turbine T2 (optional, according to order)
139 1 30024-xx Turbine sleeve (xx is down inner diameter)
140 1 105096 Screw
141 1 Bearing, Included in 143
Page 37 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
142 1 Bearing, Included in 143
143 1 20005-1 Adjusting sleeve, Including 141, 142
144 1 109263 O-Ring
145 1 20026 Nut
9
146 1 20025 Cup
0
147 4 120370 Screw
-20
148 1 30379-xx Deck flange with support (xx according to order, page 8)
149 1 30378 Split pin
OV
150 1 30022-xxx Lifting rod (According to order, xxx is length of pipe)
151 2 104233 Shaft
6-N
152 4 30373 Distance
153 2 104247 Shaft
d1
154 4 30374 Distance
155 1 30371-xxx Mainpipe (According to order, xxx is length of pipe)
te
156 1 106575 Splitpin
157 1 30362 Bearing Flange
Da
158 2 30363 Bearing
159 1 50063 Bottom plug
85
160 1 50064 Washer
269
162 1 30366-1 Nozzle Housing ASM
163 1 70011 Nut
f5
164 1 70071 Flow guide
165 1 50009-xx Nozzle “xx is outlet diameter”
Re
180 4 120372 Nut
181 4 120371 Washer
ter
182 2 120358 Sealing
183 2 120359 Valve seat
Let
184 1 120366 Nut
185 2 120365 Washer
186 1 70073 Spring
san
187 1 120368 Handle
188 1 120367 Valve body
Bu
189 1 70069-1 Valve flange
190 1 70066 Strainer
BS
191 1 70098 Ring
192 4 120370 Screw
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193 1 120230 Dustcap complete
Se
Page 38 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
BASIC SETTINGS
This list is a guide for ordering spare parts depending on the size of the nozzles. This list may
be changed without prior notice.
Nozzle size 8 mm:
Pos. Qty. Part Nr. Description Remarks
9
140 1 21013-28 Turbine T2 Ø28
0
-20
141 1 30024-28 Turbine Sleeve Ø28
178 1 50128 Nozzle House
OV
179 1 70011 Nut
6-N
181 1 50009-08 Nozzle 8 mm
d1
Nozzle size 10 mm:
te
Pos. Qty. Part Nr. Description
Da Remarks
140 1 21013-28 Turbine T2 Ø28
85
269
179 1 70011 Nut
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181 1 50009-10 Nozzle 10 mm
ter
Nozzle size 12 mm:
Let
140 1 21013-38 Turbine T2 Ø38
san
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183 2 105087 Screw
BS
184 1 50109 Flow pipe
185 1 50110-12 Nozzle 12 mm
eA
Se
Nozzle size 14 mm:
140 1 20013-35 Turbine T1 Ø35
183 2 105087 Screw
184 1 50109 Flow pipe
185 1 50110-14 Nozzle 14 mm
Page 39 (39)

# SC 30TL-01
NOTES
POS. NO
SC PART NO. Remarks
-20
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6-N
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GENERAL
INSTRUCTION
90
MANUAL
-20
OV
SC 15TW
6-N
STAINLESS STEEL
d1
#SS15TW SS-N-07-060705
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Page 2 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
This manual apply for the following products:
Type Date______
SC 15TW-STAINLESS STEEL 2006-07-05
9
0
Optional accessories __________
-20
OV
SC 15TW-RUBBER BUMPER 2006-07-05
6-N
File: SC15-TW-SS-N-07-060705.doc
d1

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Page 3 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
CONTENTS
DESCRIPTION PAGE
INTRODUCTION 4
INSTALLATION GUIDE 5
WORKING PRINCIPE 6
09
TECHNICAL DATA 7-9
-20
OPERATION
OV
- Start up 10
- Calculation of cleaning time 10-11
6-N
SPEED ADJUSTMENT 12
MAINTENANCE
d1
- Changing bearings. 13
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- Changing gears. 13
FAULT FINDING
Da 14
TOOL KIT / SPARE PART KIT 15
85
HOW TO ORDER SPARE PARTS 16
269
SPARE PART LIST 17-18
f5
BASIC SETTINGS 20-21
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OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES 22-23
NOTES 24
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This manual is intended to assist in the handling and operation of the Scanjet SC 15TW
Tank Cleaning System. Continuous product improvement is the policy of Scanjet
eA
Marine AB and we reserve the right to alter the specifications at any time without prior
notice.
Se
Page 4 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
INTRODUCTION
SCANJET model SC 15TW is a tank-cleaning machine specially developed for cleaning of
cargo and slop-tanks onboard Chemical carriers/Product carriers and other applicable tanks.
The size, construction and cleaning requirements of these tanks are design criteria, which
have been evaluated prior to installation. The SC 15TW could be used as fixed installed
machine as well as for portable use.
0
-20
The cleaning procedure will start by open the valve for cleaning media. The water flow will
pass over a turbine inside the machine and the nozzles will rotate creating a cleaning pattern
OV
inside the tank. When the cleaning procedure is finalized the valves is to be closed.
6-N
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Page 5 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
INSTALLATION GUIDE
The Scanjet Model SC 15TW should be installed in vertical position. For fixed installed
machines it is recommended to install a strainer close to the machine in the supply line in
order to avoid any particles to clog the machine. The portable is fitted with strainers at the
inlet.
09
Note! Always flush the supply line prior to starting the machine.
-20
Note! Don’t use the nozzles as handles for turning the machine onto the threaded
coupling, this will damage the gears inside.
OV
When tightening the rubber hose for the thread on the machine. Use a hookspanner
6-N
(40141-15) to counter hold the upper adapter flange (Pos 4).
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IMPORTANT!
Se
NOTE! The use of tank cleaning machine may cause static electricity why measures
must be taken in order to avoid sparks and possible explosion by having the tanks inert at
time of cleaning.
Page 6 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The cleaning media flows through the machine to the
nozzles and then out in the tank.
The gearbox is media-lubricated and does not require any oil
or grease.
9
The machine and the nozzles will rotate and will clean the
0
tank in a pattern shown below. The machine body rotates
-20
inside the tank and the nozzle house will also rotate.
OV
The rotating nozzles will create a cleaning pattern as per
below on the vertical tank-walls. After one cycle will a
6-N
cleaning pattern be created as per fig 1. After four cycles
will the pattern be completed as per fig 2. After this the
d1
pattern will be repeated.
A full pattern is created when the main body has rotated 47
te
turns. With a rotation speed of 2,5 rpm will a full pattern
Da
take approx. 18,8 min. Note that the time is depending on
the actual setting of the turbine and water pressure.
85
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Fig 1. Cleaning Pattern Fig 2. Full Pattern
Se
After one cycle. After four cycles.
Page 7 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
TECHNICAL DATA
Supply data: Scanjet SC 15TW is operated with a supply of cleaning media at a flow of
approx., 7-24 m³/h and at an inlet pressure of 0.6-1.2 MPa.
Rotating Speed: The rotation speed can vary between 2-4 revolutions per minute depending
9
on the supply data and turbine settings.
0
-20
Weight: Machine approx. 9,2 kg
OV

6-N
Material: According to order: (AISI 316/ Peek).
d1
Performance data: The table below shows the approx. flow and jet length for each
te
combination of inlet pressure and nozzle diameter.
Da
85
Supply
Nozzle dia
Nozzle dia
Nozzle dia
Nozzle dia
Nozzle dia
pressure
2 x Ø6 mm
2 x Ø7 mm
2 x Ø8 mm
2 x Ø9 mm
2 x Ø10 mm
269
MPa
Flow
Jet
Flow
Jet
Flow
Jet
Flow
Jet
Flow
Jet
m³/h
length
m³/h
length
m³/h
length
m³/h
length
m³/h
length
m
m
m
m
m
f5
0,6 7,5 8 10 10 12 12 14,5 12 16,5 12
Re
0,8 8,5 10 11 12 14 13 17 13 19 13
1,0 9,5 11 12,5 13 15,5 14 19 14 21 14
ter
1,2 10,5 12 13,5 14 17 15 20,5 16 23,5 16
Let
san
Effective Jet Length (Radius).
Other nozzles and maximum Jet Length available upon request.

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BS
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Page 8 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
Waterflow for SC15TW for different nozzle
sizes at specific inlet pressure
25
0 9
-20
20
OV
6-N
Flow (m^3/h)
15
2 X Ø6
2 X Ø7
d1
2 X Ø8
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2 X Ø9
10
Da 2 X Ø10
85
269
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5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Pressure (bar)
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Page 9 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
GENERAL INSTALLATION DATA
9
0
-20
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6-N
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Max capacity ~ 24 m³/h.
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Page 10 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
OPERATION
Starting up
1. The machine will start automatically when there is a supply of cleaning media to the
machine. The machine is self-lubricated by means of the cleaning media and self-draining
through a hole in the bottom plate.
0
-20
Calculation of cleaning time
OV
1) Calculation of cleaning time for a full Pattern
6-N
The cleaning time depends of the following:
d1
Rotation speed of the Main House A (rev/min.)
te
Da
Number of rotations for full Pattern 47 (turns)
85
269
Cleaning time D(minutes)
f5
Cleaning time D=47/A (min)
Re
ter
Example 1: The Main Body rotates with 2,5 turns per minute. (Checked with a wristwatch
Let
when looking at the machine). How long time does it take to create a first cleaning pattern in
the tank?
san
A = 2,5
Bu
A first pattern is created after 1 cycle!
BS
Cleaning time D=47/2,5/4=4,7 minutes
eA
Note! After an additional 4*4,7=18,8 minutes will a full cleaning pattern be created.
Se
Page 11 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
Example 2: Calculation of cleaning time for getting out a certain amount of cleaning media
(prewash).
- The total flow Q (m³/h) through the nozzles at the specific pressure used is taken from the
table at page 7. The total flow in the tank is then calculated by adding the flow from all
machines used at the same time in the tank.
9
- Needed amount of washing media R (m³) calculated as per Prewash Regulations or other.
0
-20
OV
- The time T the machine must be in operation is then calculated as:
6-N
T=R/Q*60 (min)
d1
Example 3:
te
Da
- Prewash rules gives that 6 m³ of cleaning media should be used.
- We have a tank with two (2) machines having 10 mm nozzles and will operate the tank-
85
cleaning machine at 12 bar pressure.
269
- How long time should we operate the machine?
Solution
f5
Machine data at page 7 shows that at 12 bar and 10 mm nozzles will give a flow of 23,5 m³/h
Re
per machine. Total flow will then be calculated adding both machines giving a total flow in
the tank of 47 m³/h.
ter
Let
Needed time T=6/47*60=7,6 min
san
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Page 12 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
SPEED ADJUSTMENT
The rotating speed for the machine could be adjusted by changing the position of the conical
turbine on its shaft. The speed will increase when lowering the turbine and vice versa.
To change the speed, please proceed as follows:
9
1. Remove the inlet flange (A) by unlocking the locking plate (B) and remove the bolts (C)
0
-20
2. Loosen the contra nut (D) with key No 17 and Allen key No 4.
OV
3. Turn the turbine to desired position and lock the contra nut.
The correct speed should be between 2-4 rpm ideal is 2,5-3 rpm be careful not to screw the
6-N
turbine too far down in the cone. This may cause the machine to stop because the turbine is
touching the cone.
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Page 13 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
MAINTENANCE
CHANGING BEARINGS AND/OR GEARS
Change of bearings is recommended after 250 service hours.
Change of gears is recommended after 500 service hours.
See page 19 for special service kits.
9
Depending on cleaning fluid and the environment the wear of the moving parts in the machine
0
can be different.
-20
OV
To change the bearings in the gearbox the following procedure should be followed.
1. Open the bolts (A) and part the machine.
6-N
2. Check and inspect Bearings (B, C and D) and change if needed.
d1
3. Check and inspect gears (E) and change if needed.
4. When re-tightening the screws use Loctite 222 medium.
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Page 14 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
FAULT FINDING
If the Machine does not run:
In order to check and get the machine in operation, carry out the following inspection:
1. Check that there is no dirt in the strainer, around the turbine or the stator. Particles can be
9
stuck in the turbine if the supply line contains a lot of rust. Always flush the supply line
0
before starting the cleaning machine.
-20
2. Start the machine by opening the inlet valve slowly. Check that the pressure is correct!
OV
6-N
If the Machine runs with wrong speed:
d1
1. Change the turbine speed as per page 12 and check
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pressure and flow.
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Page 15 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
TOOL KIT
For normal maintenance and operation the following tools are included in Scanjet tool kit:
Pos. Part No. Qty. Description Spec.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 9
1 12060 1 Set of Hexagon bar wrench
-20
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6-N
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4 40141 1 Hookspanner
Da
85
269
SPARE PARTS KIT SCANJET SC 15TW /VESSEL. LIST DATED 2006-07-05
CAN BE ORDERED AS SPAREPART NO. “S 15-S”
f5
Re
POS. NO
QTY. SC PART NO. DESCRIPTION MATERIAL
ter
4 3 104443 Screw SS
8 1 41029 Bearing Peek
Let
17 3 104725 Screw SS
san
20 2 41030-2 Ball bearing PTFE / SS
23 1 110415 O-Ring PTFE
Bu
25 1 110440 O-Ring PTFE
27 1 110425 O-Ring PTFE
BS
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Page 16 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
How to order spare parts
When ordering spare parts the following data must be referred to for securing a correct and
rapid delivery.
Please note that each machine is marked at the Nozzle house as showed below.
0 9
Example:
-20
Name of Vessel / Hull no:Name and original new build no.
Invoice address: Customer name and address
OV
Consignee: Customer responsible person
6-N

d1
Your order no:
Contact Person: Customer contact person
Mode of delivery: By mail, courier etc.

te
Da
85
Latest ETA destination:Shipping address
269
Shipping mark: Marking of delivery
Type of equipment: SC 15TW Stainless steel (portable or fixed) nozzle size

f5
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Serial no: Serial no. on machines example SS 321 – SS 329
ter
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Spare part list:
san
POS. PART NO. QTY. DESCRIPTION
Bu
_______________________________________________________
BS
....... ................. ....... ...................................
eA
....... ................. ....... ...................................
Se
....... ................. ....... ...................................
....... ................. ....... ...................................
....... ................. ....... ...................................
Page 17 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
Spare part breakdown SC 15TW Stainless steel. List dated 2006-07-05
09
-20
OV
6-N
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Page 18 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
Spare parts breakdown SCANJET SC 15TW Stainless steel. List dated 2006-07-05
Final numbers will be issued for “shipset manual”. Important read page 16 “How to order
spare parts” before ordering spareparts.
POS. NO
0
Depending on nozzle size there is some parts that differs. See chapter Basic Setting
-20
for information about your specific settings. See next page for special service kits.
2 1 41038 Ring
OV
3 1 70068 Strainer
4 6 104443 Screw
6-N
5 2 41043 Locking plate
6 1 41007 Adapter
d1
7a 1 41040 High flow stator (see basic settings)
te
7b 41027 Low flow stator (see basic settings)
8 1 41029 Bearing
Da
9 1 41023 Nut
85
10a 1 41032-xx Turbine T1 (see basic settings)
10b 41042-xx Turbine T2 (see basic settings)
269
11 1 41018-xx Turbine Sleeve (see basic settings)
12 1 41028 Bearing
f5
13 1 41047 Stator
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16 1 41009-x Nozzle Housing (see basic settings)
16b 41099 Nozzle Housing 4 nozzles
ter
17 12 104725 Screw
18 1 41056 Cover
Let
19 2 105089 Screw
20 2 41030-x Ball Bearing (-2 for chemical tankers)
san
21 1 41048 Gear
22 1 41051 Sleeve
Bu
23 1 110415 O-Ring
24 1 110471 O-Ring
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25 1 110440 O-Ring
26 1 41055 Main Housing
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27 2 110425 O-Ring
28 2 41025 Bearing Ring
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29 1 41017 Gear
30 6 104728 Screw
31 1 41045 Turbine Shaft (Including pos. 32)
32 1 Ball (Order pos. 31)
33 1 Bearing (Order pos. 35)
35 1 40062 Sleeve (Including pos 33, 34)
36 2 105096 Screw
37 1 40099 Sleeve (Including pos 38, 39)
Page 19 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
Spare parts breakdown SCANJET SC 15TW Stainless steel. List dated 2006-07-05
Final numbers will be issued for “shipset manual”. Important read page 16 “How to order
spare parts” before ordering spareparts.
POS. NO
9
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40 1 41004 Bottom Plate
41 1 41034 Washer
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42 6 104704 Screw
43 2 41012 Gear
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44 1 41031 Sleeve
45 3 41026 Bearing
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46 1 41016 Shaft
47 1 41015 Sleeve
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48 1 Ball (Order pos. 50)
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50 1 41046 Gear (Including pos. 48)
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269
52 2 50155-xx Nozzle –xx is nozzle diameter
53 2 105087 Screw
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54 2 50156-085-S Flow Pipe
55 4 50158 Flow Guide
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Note: To insure proper reliability of your Scanjet SC 15TW make
sure you maintain your machine. You can order a specially
san
composed wear and tear kit for your machine. Contact Scanjet
and order one of the following kits.
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KIT 15TW-S-250-2:
Sparepart kit recommended for 250 hour service. Contains O-Rings,
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bearings and parts needed for service.
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KIT 15TW-S-500-2:
Sparepart kit recommended for 500 hour service. Contains all parts in
kit 250 plus gears and parts needed for service.
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Page 20 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
BASIC SETTINGS
This list is a guide for ordering spare parts depending on the size of the nozzles. This list may
be changed without prior notice.
Nozzle size 6 mm:
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10b 1 41042-35 Turbine T2 Ø35
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15 2 50155-06 Nozzle Ø6
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17 1 41009-1 Nozzle House 1mm Off centre
7a 1 41040 High flow stator
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Nozzle size 7 mm:
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10b 1 41042-35 Turbine T2 Ø35
269
15 2 50155-07 Nozzle Ø7
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Nozzle size 8 mm:
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10a 1 41042-35 Turbine T2 Ø35
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15 2 50155-08 Nozzle Ø8
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Page 21 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
Nozzle size 9 mm:
10a 1 41032-35 Turbine T1 Ø35
15 2 50155-09 Nozzle Ø9
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Nozzle size 10 mm:
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10a 1 41032-35 Turbine T1 Ø35
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15 2 50155-10 Nozzle Ø10
17 1 41009-1
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Nozzle House 1mm Off centre
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269
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Page 22 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES
Scanjet can supply some optional accessories that might be included in your delivery; these
can also be ordered afterwards.
RUBBER BUMPER
This is a system to protect the tank wall and deck coating from damage if the machine is
9
hanging from a rubber house in rough sea. It also protects against sparks when handling and
0
operating the machine. It consists of two rubber protections that cover the nozzle and the
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bottom of the machine.
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SC 15TW
Rubber protection
Page 23 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
Spare part breakdown for optional Rubber bumper
This kit can be ordered as sparepart No. “RB 15 L”
09
-20
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6-N
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BS
Spare parts breakdown RUBBER BUMPER. List dated 2006-01-23
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Final numbers will be issued for “shipset manual”.
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This Kit can be ordered as sparepart No. “RB 15 L”
POS. NO QTY. SC PART NO. DESCRIPTION
1 2 40071 Hoseclamp
2 1 41089-2 Rubber protection
3 1 41084 Rubber protection bottom
4 3 41082 Sleeve
5 3 106104 Washer
6 3 120426 Screw
Page 24 (24)
# SC 15 TW-SS-N-07
NOTES
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Page 1 (65)
CRUDE OIL WASHING OPERATIONS AND EQUIPMENT MANUAL
MT AMUR STAR (21st Century No. CSN- 261)
PREFACE
0 9

-20
1. This Manual is developed in accordance with the requirements of Regulation 33.2, 33.3,
35.1 and 35.2 of Annex I of the MARPOL 73/78 Convention.
OV

2. The purpose of the Manual is to meet the requirements for crude oil washing in accordance
6-N
with "Revised Specifications for the Design, Operation and Control of Crude Oil Washing
Systems" (IMO Resolution A.446(XI) as amended by Resolutions A.497(XII) and
d1
A.897(21)). The M anual provides standard operational guidance in planning and per-
forming a crude oil washing programme and describes safe procedures to be followed.
te

Da
3. This Manual contains all the information and operational instructions required by the Revi-
sed Specifications. It must, however, be used together with other instructions of general va-
85
lidity regarding the vessel’s safety, trim, cargo and ballast handling, hull stress and stabil-
ity, and instructions for the operation of the installations onboard. For detailed information
269
about the operation of the different pieces of equipment, consult the respective manufac-
turer’s manual(s).
f5
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4. This Manual is approved by American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) on behalf of the Admini-
stration and no alteration or revision shall be made to any part of it without the prior appro-
ter
val by ABS.
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5. Vessel particulars:
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Name AMUR STAR
Port of Registry
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Flag State
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IMO Number 9480368
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Signal Letters
Deadweight 13,000 tonnes (approx.)
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Year of Delivery 2009
To be Recorded, See Letter
Revision 0 / October 2009
Page 2
CONTENTS PAGE
1. TEXT OF THE REVISED SPECIFICATIONS 3
DIAGRAM SHOWING STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF CARGO
TANKS IN A TYPICAL DOUBLE HULL TANKER 24
9
2. DRAWINGS OF CRUDE OIL WASHING RELATED SYSTEMS 25
0
-20
3. DESCRIPTION OF CRUDE OIL WASHING RELATED SYSTEMS AND
OPERATIONAL AND EQUIPMENT PARAMETERS 32
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4. DANGERS OF AND PRECAUTIONS AGAINST OIL LEAKAGE 41
6-N
5. USE AND CONTROL OF INERT GAS 42
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6. PRECAUTIONS AGAINST ELECTROSTATIC HAZARDS 45
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7. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
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85
8. METHODS OF COMMUNICATION 47
269
9. DETERMINATION OF THE SUITABILITY OF A CRUDE OIL FOR USE IN
CRUDE OIL WASHING 48
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10. CRUDE OIL WASHING CHECK LISTS 51
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11. RECOMMENDED METHODS AND PROGRAMMES FOR CRUDE OIL
ter
WASHING 53
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12. TYPICAL CRUDE OIL WASHING SEQUENCES 57
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13. THE METHOD OF DRAINING CARGO TANKS 59
14. THE METHOD OF DRAINING LINES AND PUMPS 60
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15. TYPICAL BALLASTING PROCEDURES AND METHOD FOR
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PREVENTING HYDROCARBON EMISSION 61
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16. COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES FOR REGULATION 9 OF ANNEX I OF
MARPOL 73/78 (PROCEDURES FOR HANDLING OF OILY WATER) 62
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17. INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENT 65
Revision 0 / Oct 2009 COW Manual – 21st Century Nos. CSN- 261
Page 3
1. TEXT OF THE REVISED SPECIFICATIONS
This Section contains the complete text of
"Revised Specifications for the
Design, Operation and Control of Crude Oil Washing Systems"
0 9
as per IMO Assembly Resolution A.446(XI) as amended by Resolutions A.497(XII) and
-20
A.897(21), and as published in the IMO Publication IMO-617E "Crude Oil Washing Sys-
tems", Fourth edition, 2000 (page 1 ÷ 20).
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Note! As regards the references to the MARPOL 73/78 Convention made in the Revised
S pecifications, the attention is draw n to the current edition of the C onvention
d1
(consolidated edition 2006) where Annex I has been restructured and renumbered.
T o facilitated th e read in g o f th e R ev ised S p ecificatio n s, reference is m ade to
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cross-reference tables between “old” and “new” regulations of Annex I that are
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included in the consolidated edition 2006.
85
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Page 4
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REVISED SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE
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DESIGN, OPERATION AND CONTROL OF
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CRUDE OIL WASHING SYSTEMS
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Page 5
Crude oil washing systems
Index Page
1. Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
0 9
2. Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
-20
3. General provisions
3.1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
OV
3.2 Initial survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Design criteria
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4.1 Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4.2 Tank washing machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.3 Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
d1
4.4 Stripping system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.5 Ballast lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5. Qualification of personnel
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
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6 Operation
85
6.1 Tankage to be crude oil washed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.2 Drainage and discharge ashore of cargo lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
269
6.3 Filling of departure ballast tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.4 Crude oil washing at sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.5 Discharge of oily water effluents on ballast voyage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
f5
6.6 Use and control of inert gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.7 Precautions against electrostatic generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
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6.8 Vapour emission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7. Operations and Equipment Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
ter
Appendix I - List of changes when applying the Specifications to new crude oil tankers
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of 20,000 tons deadweight and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Appendix II - Training for persons intended to assume overall charge of crude oil washing 15
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Appendix III - Agreed interpretations of certain of the provisions of the Revised
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
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Note: The Revised Specifications comprise the annex to resolution A.446(XI), as amended by resolutions A.497(XII) and
A.897(21).
Page 6
Revised Specifications
1 Purpose
The purpose of these Specifications is to provide specific design criteria, operational requirements
and control and enforcement procedures for the crude oil washing of cargo tanks of crude oil carriers
as specified in section 2.
90
2. Application
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2.1 These Specifications apply to:
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(a) existing crude oil tankers of 40,000 tons deadweight and above in accordance with regu-
lation 13(8) of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78; and
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(b) new crude oil tankers of 20,000 tons deadweight and above in accordance with regula-
tion 13(6) of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78, with the changes listed in appendix I.
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Compliance of these ships with these Specifications shall be shown on the International Oil Pollution
Prevention Certificate as modified by MARPOL 73/78.
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2.2 If a crude oil that is not suitable for crude oil washing is intended to be carried as cargo in a
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ship that is provided with only a crude oil washing system, then that ship must comply with segre-
gated ballast tank requirements in accordance with regulation 13(7) or dedicated clean ballast tank
requirements in accordance with regulation 13(9) of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78.
85
3 General Provisions
269
3.1 Definitions
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For the purpose of these Specifications:
Arrival ballast
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3.1.1 means clean ballast as defined in regulation 1(16) of Annex I of MARPOL
73/78.
Departure ballast
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3.1.2 means ballast other than arrival ballast.
Initial survey
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3.2
The initial survey referred to in regulation 4 of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78 shall include a complete in-
spection of the crude oil washing equipment and arrangements and shall include, except for the
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cases specified in 4.2.11, an examination of the tanks after they have been crude oil washed and the
additional controls as specified in 4.2.10 to ensure that the washing system efficiency is in accor-
dance with these Specifications.
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4 Design criteria
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4.1 Piping
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4.1.1 The crude oil washing pipes and all valves incorporated in the supply piping system shall be
of steel or other equivalent material and shall be of adequate strength having regard to the pressure
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to which they may be subjected, and shall be properly jointed and supported.
4.1.2 The crude oil washing system shall consist of permanent pipework and shall be independent
of the fire mains and of any system other than for tank washing except that sections of the ship’s
cargo system may be incorporated in the crude oil washing system provided that they meet the re-
quirements applicable to crude oil pipework. Notwithstanding the above requirements, in combination
carriers the arrangement may allow:
Page 7
(a) The removal of the equipment, if necessary, when carrying cargoes other than crude oil,
provided that, when reinstated, the system is as originally fitted and tested for oil tight-
ness;
(b) The use of flexible hosepipes to connect the crude oil washing system to tank washing
9
machines if it is necessary to locate these machines in a cargo tank hatch cover. Such
flexible hosepipes must be provided with flanged connections and be manufactured and
0
tested in accordance with standards acceptable to the Administration and be consistent
-20
with the duties the hoses are required to perform. The length of these hoses shall be no
greater than necessary to connect the tank washing machines to an adjacent point just
OV
outside the hatch coaming. These hoses shall be removed to suitably prepared and pro-
tected stowage when not in use and be pressure tested by an authority acceptable to
the Administration at intervals of not more than two and a half years.
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4.1.3 Provision shall be made to prevent overpressure in the tank washing supply piping. Any relief
device fitted to prevent overpressure shall discharge into the suction side of the supply pump. Alter-
d1
native methods to the satisfaction of the Administration may be accepted provided an equivalent de-
gree of safety and environmental protection is provided.
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4.1.4 Where hydrant valves are fitted for water washing purposes on tank washing lines, all such
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valves shall be of adequate strength and provision shall be made for such connections to be blanked
off by blank flanges when washing lines may contain crude oil. Alternatively, hydrant valves shall be
isolated from the crude oil washing system by spade blanks.
85
4.1.5 All connections for pressure gauges or other instrumentation shall be provided with isolating
269
valves adjacent to the lines unless the fitting is of the sealed type.
4.1.6 No part of the crude oil washing system shall enter the machinery spaces. Where the tank
f5
washing system is fitted with a steam heater for use when water washing, the heater must be effec-
tively isolated during crude oil washing by double shut-off valves or by clearly identifiable blanks.
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4.1.7 Where a combined crude oil-water washing supply piping is provided the piping shall be so
designed that it can be drained so far as is practicable of crude oil, before water washing is com-
ter
menced, into spaces designated in the Operations and Equipment Manual. These spaces may be
the slop tank or other cargo spaces.
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4.1.8 The piping system shall be of such diameter that the greatest number of tank cleaning ma-
chines required, as specified in the Operations and Equipment Manual, can be operated, simulta-
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neously at the designed pressure and throughput. The arrangement of the piping shall be such that
the required number of tank cleaning machines to each cargo compartment, as specified in the Ope-
rations and Equipment Manual referred to in these Specifications, can be operated simultaneously.
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4.1.9 The piping system shall be tested to one and one half times the working pressure after it has
been installed on the ship.
BS
4.1.10 The crude oil washing supply piping shall be anchored (firmly attached) to the ship’s structure
at appropriate locations, and means shall be provided to permit freedom of movement elsewhere to
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accommodate thermal expansion and flexing of the ship. The anchoring shall be such that any hy-
draulic shock can be absorbed without undue movement of the supply piping. The anchors should
Se
normally be situated at the ends furthest from the entry of the crude oil supply piping. If tank washing
machines are used to anchor the ends of branch pipes then special arrangements are necessary to
anchor these sections when the machines are removed for any reason.
4.2 Tank washing machines
4.2.1 The tank washing machines for crude oil washing shall be permanently mounted and shall be
of a design acceptable to the Administration.
Page 8
4.2.2 The performance characteristic of a tank washing machine is governed by nozzle diameter,
working pressure and the movement pattern and timing. Each tank cleaning machine fitted shall have
a characteristic such that the sections of the cargo tank covered by that machine will be effectively
cleaned within the time specified in the Operations and Equipment Manual.
9
4.2.3 Tank washing machines shall be mounted in each cargo tank and the method of support shall
0
be to the satisfaction of the Administration. Where the tank washing machines are positioned well be-
-20
low the deck level to cater for protuberances in the tank, consideration may need to be given to addi-
tional support for the machines and their supply piping.
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4.2.4 Each machine shall be capable of being isolated by means of stop valves in the supply line. If
a deck-mounted tank washing machine is removed for any reason, provision shall be made to blank
off the oil supply line to the machine for the period the machine is removed. Similarly, provision shall
6-N
be made to close the tank opening with a plate or equivalent means.
4.2.5 Where the drive units for the tank cleaning machines are not integral with the tank cleaning
d1
machine, sufficient drive units shall be provided to ensure that no drive unit need be moved more
than twice from its original position during cargo discharge to accomplish the washing programme as
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specified in the Operations and Equipment Manual.
4.2.6
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The number and location of the tank washing machines shall be to the satisfaction of the Ad-
ministration.
85
4.2.7 The location of the machines is dependent upon the characteristics detailed in 4.2.2 and upon
the configuration of the internal structure of the tank.
269
4.2.8 The number and location of the machines in each cargo tank shall be such that all horizontal
and vertical areas are washed by direct impingement or effectively by deflection or splashing of the
f5
impinging jet. In assessing an acceptable degree of jet deflection and splashing, particular attention
shall be paid to the washing of upward facing horizontal areas and the following parameters shall be
Re
used:
(a) For horizontal areas of a tank bottom and the upper surfaces of a tank’s stringers and
ter
other large primary structural members, the total area shielded from direct impingement
by deck or bottom transverses, main girders, stringers or similar large primary structural
Let
members shall not exceed 10% of the total horizontal area of tank bottom, the upper
surface of stringers, and other large primary structural members.
(b) For vertical areas of the sides of a tank, the total area of the tank’s sides shielded from
san
direct impingement by deck or bottom transverses, main girders, stringers or similar
large primary structural members shall not exceed 15% of the total area of the tank’s
sides.
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(c) For existing crude oil tankers, the Administration may permit the percentages required in
(a) and (b) above to be exceeded for tanks having complicated internal structural mem-
BS
bers provided that the percentages calculated over all the cargo tanks do not exceed
10% for horizontal areas and 15% for vertical areas.
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In some installations it may be necessary to consider the fitting of more than one type of tank wash-
ing machine in order to effect adequate coverage.
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4.2.9 At the design stage the following minimum procedures shall be used to determine the
area of the tank surface covered by direct impingement:
(a) Using suitable structural plans, lines are set out from the tips of each machine to those
parts of the tank within the range of the jets.
(b) Where the configuration of the tanks is considered by the Administration to be compli-
cated, a pinpoint of light simulating the tip of the tank washing machine in a scale model
of the tank shall be used.
Page 9
4.2.10 To confirm the effectiveness of the crude oil washing system and stripping system, the
crude oil washing operation should be witnessed to the satisfaction of the Administration.
(a) For ships that comply with regulation 13F(3), the crude oil operations are to be carried
out using the approved crude oil washing equipment and as specified in the approved
9
Operations and Equipment Manual. For at least one tank of a group of tanks of similar
configuration, the Administration should:
0
-20
(i) confirm the operation of the stripping system by observing the monitoring devices
and monitoring the oil level (by dipping or other means) during bottom washing;
OV
(ii) monitor the proper operation of the washing machines with particular reference to
supply pressure, cycle times and machine function.
6-N
On completion of washing and final draining, the tanks are to be hand dipped, as close
as possible to the forward end, centre and aft end in each tank and a record of these
dips should be made in the Operations and Equipment Manual. An Administration may
d1
require an internal examination as described in subparagraph (b)(ii) of this section, or by
an alternative method acceptable to the Administration, if deemed necessary.
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(b) For ships other than those complying with regulation 13F(3), where fitted with cargo
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tanks intended to be used in certain circumstances as ballast tanks, the following re-
quirements apply in addition to those specified in paragraph (a) of the section:
(i) To ensure that the tank is essentially free from clingage and deposits, the Admini-
85
stration may require that the cleanliness of the tank be confirmed by a visual in-
spection made by entering the tanks after a crude oil washing but prior to any wa-
269
ter rinse which may be specified in the Operations and Equipment Manual. If the
tanks cannot be gas-freed for safe entry of the surveyor, an internal examination
should not be conducted and the stripping test specified in paragraph 4.2.10(b)(ii)
f5
will be acceptable.
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In this case, the bottom of the tank to be inspected may be flushed with water and
stripped in order to remove any wedge of liquid crude oil remaining on the tank bot-
tom before gas-freeing for entry. If the flushing procedure is adopted, a similar but
ter
unflushed tank must be used for the test specified in (ii) below.
(ii) To verify the effectiveness of the stripping and drainage arrangements, a measure-
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ment shall be made of the amount of oil floating on top of the departure ballast.
The ratio of the volume of oil on top of the total departure ballast water to the vol-
ume of tanks that contain this water shall not exceed 0.00085. This test shall be
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carried out after crude oil washing and stripping in a tank similar in all relevant re-
spects to the tank examined in accordance with (a) above, which has not been
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subjected to a water rinse or to the intervening water flushing permissible in (b)(ii)
above.
(iii) To verify the design, installation and operation of the system, the arrival ballast, af-
BS
ter a typical ballast voyage before which the arrival ballast tanks have been crude
oil washed and during which the tanks have been water rinsed in accordance with
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the programme set out in the Operations and Equipment Manual, should be totally
discharged to the loading port harbour through an oil monitoring (ODM) system
approved by the Administration. The oil content of the effluent in this test should
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not exceed 15 ppm. Alternatively, the option of taking ballast water samples to be
analysed in a shore-based laboratory is also acceptable.
(c) During all crude oil washing system surveys, internal visual inspections of the tanks by
inspectors should not be considered a mandatory requirement. When an Administration
considers that there is a possible failure of the crude oil washing system indicated by
other crude oil washing survey requirements, the Administration may require an internal
examination of the tanks involved. Internal examinations may be completed using alter-
native methods, e.g. video survey or other new technology, as accepted by the Admini-
stration.
Page 10
4.2.11 Where an Administration is satisfied that ships are similar in all relevant respects, the require-
ments of 4.2.10 need only be applied to one such ship. Furthermore, where a ship has a series of
tanks that are similar in all relevant respects then, for that series of tanks, the requirements of
4.2.10(a) need only be applied to one tank of that series.
9
4.2.12 The design of the deck-mounted tank washing machines shall be such that means are provi-
0
ded, external to the cargo tanks, which, when crude oil washing is in progress, would indicate the ro-
-20
tation and arc of the movement of the machine. Where the deck-mounted machine is of the non-
programmable, dual nozzle type, alternative methods to the satisfaction of the Administration may be
accepted provided an equivalent degree of verification is attained.
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4.2.13 Where submerged machines are required, they should be non-programmable and, in order to
comply with the requirements of 4.2.8, it must be possible to verify their rotation by one of the fol-
6-N
lowing methods:
(a) by indicators external to the tank;
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(b) by checking the characteristic sound pattern of the machine, in which case the operation
of the machine shall be verified towards the end of each wash cycle. Where two or more
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submerged machines are installed on the same supply line, valves shall be provided
Da
and arranged so that operation of each machine can be verified independently of the
other machines on the same supply line;
(c) by gas-freeing the tank and checking the operation of the machine with water during bal-
85
last voyages. In this case the check shall take place after a maximum of six voyages of
the machine but the interval between checks shall not exceed 12 months. Each verifi-
269
cation shall be recorded in Supplement 2 to the Oil Record Book.
The method of verification shall be stated in the Operations and Equipment Manual.
f5
4.3 Pumps
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4.3.1 The pumps supplying crude oil to the tank cleaning machines shall be either the cargo pumps
or pumps specifically provided for the purpose.
ter
4.3.2 The capacity of the pumps shall be sufficient to provide the necessary throughput at the requi-
Let
red pressure for the maximum number of tank cleaning machines required to be operated simulta-
neously as specified in the Operations and Equipment Manual. In addition to the above requirement,
the pumps shall, if an eductor system is fitted for tank stripping, be capable of supplying the eductor
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driving fluid to meet the requirements of 4.4.2.
4.3.3 The capacity of the pumps shall be such that the requirements of 4.3.2 can be met with any
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one pump inoperative. The pumping and piping arrangements shall be such that the crude oil wash-
ing system can be effectively operated with any one pump out of use.
BS
4.3.4 The carriage of more than one grade of cargo shall not prevent crude oil washing of tanks.
eA
4.3.5 To permit crude oil washing to be effectively carried out where the back pressure presented
by the shore terminal is below the pressure required for crude oil washing, provision shall be made
such that an adequate pressure to the washing machines can be maintained in accordance with
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4.3.2. This requirement shall be met with any one cargo pump out of action. The minimum supply
pressure required for crude oil washing shall be specified in the Operations and Equipment Manual.
Should this minimum supply pressure not be obtainable, crude oil washing operations shall not be
carried out.
Page 11
4.4 Stripping system
4.4.1 The design of the system for stripping crude oil from the bottom of every cargo tank shall be to
the satisfaction of the Administration.
9
4.4.2 The design and capacity of the tank stripping system shall be such that the bottom of the tank
0
being cleaned is kept free of accumulations of oil and sediment towards completion of the tank wash-
-20
ing process.
4.4.3 The stripping system shall be capable of removing oil at a rate of 1.25 times the total through-
OV
put of all the tank cleaning machines to be operated simultaneously when washing the bottom of the
cargo tanks as described in the ship’s Operations and Equipment Manual.
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4.4.4 Means such as level gauges, hand dipping and stripping system performance gauges as re-
ferred to in 4.4.8 shall be provided for checking that the bottom of every cargo tank is dry after crude
oil washing. Suitable arrangements for hand dipping must be provided at the aftermost portion of a
d1
cargo tank and in three other suitable locations unless other approved means are fitted for efficiently
ascertaining that the bottom of every cargo tank is dry. For the purpose of this paragraph, the cargo
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tank bottom shall be considered "dry" if there is no more than a small quantity of oil near the stripping
suction with no accumulation of oil elsewhere in the tank.
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4.4.5 Means shall be provided to drain all cargo pumps and lines at the completion of cargo dis-
charge, where necessary, by connection to a stripping device. The line and pump draining shall be
85
capable of being discharged both to a cargo tank and ashore. For discharge ashore a special small-
diameter line shall be provided for that purpose and connected outboard of the ship’s manifold valve.
269
For new oil tankers or existing oil tankers not already fitted with such a line the cross-sectional area
of this line shall not exceed 10% of that of a main cargo discharge line. Where such a line is already
fitted on an existing tanker, a cross-sectional area of not more than 25% of that of a main cargo dis-
f5
charge line may be accepted.
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4.4.6 The means for stripping oil from the cargo tanks shall be by positive displacement pump, self-
priming centrifugal pump or eductor or other methods to the satisfaction of the Administration. Where
a stripping line is connected to a number of tanks, means shall be provided for isolating each tank
ter
not being stripped at that particular time.
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4.4.7 The carriage of more than one grade of cargo shall not prevent crude oil washing of tanks.
4.4.8 Equipment shall be provided for monitoring the efficiency of the stripping system. All such
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equipment shall have remote read-out facilities in the cargo control room or in some other safe and
convenient place easily accessible to the officer in charge of cargo and crude oil washing operations.
Where a stripping pump is provided, the monitoring equipment shall include, as appropriate, a flow
Bu
indicator, or a stroke counter or a revolution counter, and pressure gauges at the inlet and discharge
connections of the pump or equivalent. Where eductors are provided, the monitoring equipment shall
include pressure gauges at the driving fluid intake and at the discharge and a pressure/vacuum
BS
gauge at the suction intake.
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4.4.9 The internal structure of the tank shall be such that drainage of oil to the tank suctions of the
stripping system is adequate to meet the requirements of 4.4.2 and 4.4.4. Care shall be taken that
both longitudinal and transverse drainage are satisfactory and shall be verified during the inspection
Se
required by 3.2 and 4.2.10.
4.4.10 The trim conditions for crude oil washing given in the Operations and Equipment Manual shall
be adhered to. In general, trim by the stern is only important during the final stages of tank discharge
and shall be the maximum possible compatible with operational constraints but in no case less than
that recorded during the crude oil washing prior to the inspection required by 3.2 and 4.2.10.
Page 12
4.5 Ballast lines
4.5.1 Where a separate ballast water system for ballasting cargo tanks is not provided, the arrange-
ment shall be such that the cargo pump, manifolds and pipes used for ballasting can be safely and
effectively drained of oil before ballasting.
0 9
5 Qualification of personnel
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5.1 The training requirements of ships’ personnel engaged in the crude oil washing of tankers
shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration.
OV
5.2 Where a person such as the master, the chief officer or the cargo control officer assumes
6-N
overall charge of a crude oil wash he shall:
(a) have at least one year’s experience on oil tankers where his duties have included the
discharge of cargo and associated crude washing. Where his duties have not included
d1
crude oil washing operations, he shall have completed a training programme in crude oil
washing in accordance with appendix II to these Specifications and satisfactory to the
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Administration;
(b)
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have participated at least twice in crude oil wash programmes one of which shall be on
the particular ship for which he is required to undertake the responsibility of cargo dis-
charge. Alternatively, this latter participation may be acceptable if undertaken on a ship
85
that is similar in all relevant respects; and
269
(c) be fully knowledgeable of the contents of the Operations and Equipment Manual.
5.3 Where other nominated persons are intended to have particular responsibilities as defined in
f5
the Operations and Equipment Manual, they shall have at least sixth months’ experience on oil tank-
ers where, in the course of their duties, they should have been involved in the cargo discharge op-
eration. In addition, they should have been instructed in the crude oil washing operation in the par-
Re
ticular ship for which they are required to undertake this responsibility and be fully knowledgeable of
the contents of the Operations and Equipment Manual. Appendix II to these Specifications should be
ter
used as guidance in establishing the content of such instruction.
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6 Operation
6.1 Tankage to be crude oil washed
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Before departure on a ballast voyage, after the complete discharge of cargo, sufficient tanks shall
have been crude oil washed in accordance with the procedures specified in the Operations and
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Equipment Manual to ensure that:
(a) as a minimum, sufficient tanks have been washed to permit compliance with the draught
BS
and trim requirements of Regulation 13(2) (a), (b) and (c) of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78
during all phases of the ballast voyage; and
eA
(b) account is taken of the ship’s trading pattern and the expected weather conditions so
that additional ballast water is not put into tanks which have not been crude oil washed.
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In addition to the tanks referred to in (a) above, approximately one quarter of all remaining tanks shall
be crude oil washed for sludge control on a rotational basis, but these additional tanks may include
the tanks referred to in (b) above. However, for sludge control purposes, no tank need be crude oil
washed more than once in every four months. Crude oil washing shall not be conducted between the
final discharge and loading ports; that is to say, no crude oil washing shall be undertaken during the
ballast voyage. Ballast water shall not be put into tanks that have not been crude oil washed. Water
that is put into a tank which has been crude oil washed but not water rinsed shall be regarded as
dirty ballast.
Page 13
6.2 Drainage and discharge ashore of cargo lines
At the end of cargo discharge all cargo mains and stripping lines shall be drained and stripped and
the drainings and strippings discharged ashore via the special small-diameter line required by 4.4.5.
In addition all cargo tanks are to be stripped before the ship leaves its final port of discharge.
9
Filling of departure ballast tanks
0
6.3
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Care shall be taken at the completion of crude oil washing of any departure ballast tank to strip the
tank as completely as possible. Where departure ballast is loaded through cargo lines and pumps,
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these must be drained and stripped of oil using the means required by 4.4.5 before ballast is loaded.
6.4 Crude oil washing at sea
6-N
All crude oil washing must be completed before the ship leaves its final port of discharge. Where any
tank is crude oil washed while the ship is at sea between multiple discharge ports, the tank shall be
d1
left empty and available for inspection at the next discharge port before commencing the next ballast
voyage. This inspection may consist of multiple sounding/dipping of the bottom of the tank when the
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tank is empty. Departure ballast tanks shall be ballasted prior to departure from port so that examina-
tion of the surface of the ballast water can be made. In the latter case the guidance given in 4.2.10(b)
Da
is relevant to the inspection.
6.5 Discharge of oily water effluents on ballast voyage
85
The discharge of departure ballast and any other water effluent discharged during the ballast voyage
269
shall comply with the requirements of Regulation 9 of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78.
6.6 Use and control of inert gas
f5
On ships to which these Specifications apply, no tank shall be crude oil washed unless the inert gas
Re
system required by Regulation 13B(3) of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78 is in proper operation. Before
each tank is crude oil washed, the oxygen level shall be determined at a point 1 m from the deck and
at the middle region of the ullage space and neither of these determinations shall exceed 8% by vol-
ter
ume. Where tanks have complete or partial wash bulkheads, the determinations should be taken
from similar levels in each section of the tank. The oxygen level of the inert gas being delivered dur-
Let
ing the washing process shall be continuously monitored. If during crude oil washing:
(a) the oxygen level of the inert gas being delivered exceeds 8% by volume; or
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(b) the pressure of the atmosphere at the tanks is no longer positive;
then the washing must be stopped until satisfactory conditions are restored.
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6.7 Precautions against electrostatic generation
BS
To avoid excessive electrostatic generation in the washing process due to the presence of water in
the crude oil washing fluid, the contents of any tank to be used as a source of crude oil washing fluid
must first be discharged by at least 1 m before being so used. Any tank used as a slop tank on the
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previous ballast voyage shall be completely discharged and refilled with dry crude oil if that tank is to
be used as a source of washing fluid.
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6.8 Vapour emission
On ships to which these Specifications apply there shall be means to avoid vapour emission during
the filling of departure ballast wherever local conditions require it. The method of preventing the
emission of hydrocarbon vapour into the atmosphere shall be:
10
Page 14
(a) by the use of permanent ballast tanks wherever these are sufficient to provide the mini-
mum departure draught; or
(b) by containment of vapour in empty cargo tanks by simultaneous ballasting and cargo
discharge.
9
Alternative methods to the satisfaction of the Administrations may be accepted provided an equiva-
0
lent degree of environmental protection is provided.
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7 Operations And Equipment Manual
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The Operations and Equipment Manual must be to the satisfaction of the Administration and shall
contain the following information and operational instructions:
6-N
(a) The complete text of the Revised Specifications for the design, operation and control of
crude oil washing systems.
d1
(b) A line drawing of the crude oil washing system showing the respective position of
pumps, lines and washing machines which relate to the crude oil washing system.
(c)
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A description of the system and a listing of procedures for checking that equipment is
Da
working properly during crude oil washing operations. This shall include a listing of the
system and equipment parameters to be monitored, such as line pressure, oxygen level,
machine revolutions, duration of cycles, etc. The established values for these para-
85
meters shall be included. The results of the tests carried out in accordance with 4.2.10
and the values of all parameters monitored during such tests shall also be included.
269
(d) Details of the requirements of section 6 of these Specifications together with advice and
instructions, where appropriate, in meeting these requirements such as:
f5
(i) recommended methods and programmes of crude oil washing in order to accord
with all foreseeable circumstances of cargo discharge restraints and to obtain
Re
maximum trim during the completion of washing and draining of each tank.
(ii) the procedure on ships to avoid vapour emission in accordance with 6.8.
ter
(iii) the method of draining tanks which shall include information on optimum trim con-
Let
ditions as required by 4.4.10.
(iv) the method of draining cargo pumps, cargo lines, crude oil washing lines and strip-
ping lines, the identification of spaces into which they may be drained and proce-
san
dures for discharge ashore of drainings and strippings via the small-diameter dis-
charge line on completion of cargo discharge.
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(v) typical washing programmes under various conditions of loading specifying:
(1) the tanks to be washed in accordance with 6.1;
BS
(2) the method for washing each tank, that is single- or multi-stage;
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(3) the number of tank washing machines to be used simultaneously;
(4) the duration of the crude oil wash and water rinse where the latter is appropri-
ate;
Se
11
Page 15
(5) the volume of water used for water rinse, which shall be at least equal to that
used in the water rinse prior to the inspection required by 3.2 and 4.2.10; and
(6) the preferred order in which the tanks are to be washed.
(vi) the procedure for draining and stripping, where appropriate, cargo lines and pumps
9
before being used for the loading of departure ballast.
0
-20
(vii) the procedure for water washing lines before discharge of departure ballast and
the loading and final discharge of arrival ballast.
OV
(viii) the procedure for verifying by sound patterns that bottom-mounted machines are
operating shall be carried out towards the end of the wash cycle for each tank.
When carrying out such verification all other machines shall be shut down if ne-
6-N
cessary.
(ix) precise details of procedure to ensure compliance with Regulation 9 of Annex I of
d1
MARPOL 73/78 in the discharge of departure ballast, the water flushing of lines
and the decanting of the slop tanks at sea.
te
(e) The dangers of leakage from the crude oil washing system and the precautions neces-
sary to prevent leakage and the action to be taken in the event of a leakage. Guidance
Da
shall be given on how the crude oil washing system is to be operationally tested for
leakage before each discharge.
85
(f) The method of preventing the entry of oil to the engine room through steam heaters as
required by 4.1.6.
269
(g) The personnel required at all times to conduct the dual operation of discharging cargo
and crude oil washing. The numbers of such personnel shall include:
f5
(i) the person meeting the requirements of 5.2 who will have overall control of the
crude oil washing process;
Re
(ii) those persons meeting the requirements of 5.3 who will be expected to undertake
the actual operation; and
ter
(iii) at least one person on deck at ail times during washing to keep watch for leaks
and malfunctioning of equipment, to test the oxygen content of tanks before wash-
Let
ing, to check tank atmosphere pressure, to sound tank bottoms if required, to lift ul-
lage floats if necessary and to change drive units when this is necessary.
san
The duties of such persons are not necessarily mutually exclusive.
(h) An effective means of communication between the watchkeeper on deck and the cargo
control position so that in the event of a leak in, or malfunctioning of, the crude oil wash-
Bu
ing system the washing may be stopped as soon as possible.
(i) The typical procedures for ballasting.
BS
(j) A pre-crude oil wash operational checklist for the use of the crew at each discharge
which shall include the checking and calibration of all instruments.
eA
(k) The recommended intervals for on-board inspection and maintenance of crude oil wash-
ing equipment in addition to statutory surveys. Reference should be made to technical
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manuals supplied by the manufacturers of the equipment.
(I) A list of crude oils unsuitable for the crude oil washing process and their origin.
12
Page 16
Revised Specifications: Appendix I
Appendix I
List of changes when applying the Specifications to
new crude oil tankers of 20,000 tons deadweight
and above
-20
Paragraph
number List of changes
OV
4.2.10 Subparagraph (c) is not applicable.
6.1 Replace by the following:
6-N
6.1 Tankage to be crude oil washed
d1
6.1.1 Before departure on a ballast voyage:
(a) approximately one quarter of the cargo tanks shall be crude oil washed for sludge con-
te
trol purposes on a rotational basis and in accordance with the procedures specified in
the Operations and Equipment Manual. However, for these purposes, no tank need be
Da
crude oil washed more than once in every four months; and
(b) if it is considered that additional ballast in a cargo tank or tanks may be required dur-
85
ing the ballast voyage under the conditions and provisions specified in Regulation
13(3) of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78, the tank or tanks which may be used for this bal-
269
last shall be crude oil washed in accordance with the procedures specified in the Ope-
rations and Equipment Manual.
f5
6.1.2 Ballast water shall not be put into cargo tanks that have not been crude oil washed.
Water that is put into a tank which has been crude oil washed but not water rinsed
Re
shall be regarded as dirty ballast.
6.1.3 Crude oil washing shall not be conducted between the final discharge and loading
ter
ports; that is to say, no crude oil washing shall be undertaken during the ballast voy-
age.
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Ballasting of cargo tanks

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6.3
Care shall be taken at the completion of crude oil washing of any cargo tank that might con-
Bu
tain ballast to strip the tank as completely as possible. Where this ballast is filled through
cargo lines and pumps, these must be drained and stripped of oil using the means required
by 4.4.5.
BS
6.4 The last two sentences are not applicable.
eA
6.5 Discharge of oily water effluents on ballast voyage
Se
The discharge of additional ballast from cargo tanks and any other water effluent discharged
during the ballast voyage shall comply with the requirements of Regulation 9 of Annex I of
MARPOL 73/78.
6.8 This paragraph is not applicable.
13
Page 17
7(d) Replace by the following:
7(d) Details of the requirements of section 6 of these Specifications together with advice
and instructions, where appropriate, in meeting these requirements such as:
(i) recommended methods and programmes of crude oil washing in order to accord
9
with all foreseeable circumstances of cargo discharge restraints and to obtain
0
maximum trim during the completion of washing and draining of each tank.
-20
(ii) the method of draining tanks which shall include information on optimum trim
conditions as required by 4.4.10.
OV
(iii) the method of draining cargo pumps, cargo lines, crude oil washing lines and
stripping lines, and spaces into which they may be drained, together with the fi-
6-N
nal discharge ashore via the small discharge line on completion of discharge.
(iv) typical washing programmes under various conditions of loading specifying:
d1
(1) the tanks to be washed in accordance with 6.1;
te
(2) the method for washing each tank, that is, single- or multi-stage;
(3)
Da
the number of tank washing machines to be used simultaneously;
(4) the duration of the crude oil wash and water rinse where the latter is appro-
priate.
85
(v) the procedure for verifying by sound patterns that bottom-mounted machines are
269
operating shall be carried out towards the end of the wash cycle for each tank.
When carrying out such verification all other machines shall be shut down if nec-
essary.
f5
Re
ter
Let
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BS
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14
Page 18
Revised Specifications: Appendix II
Appendix II
Training for persons intended to assume
overall charge of crude oil washing
0
Introduction
-20

Any required training shall be supervised instruction, conducted in a shore-based facility or aboard a
suitably equipped ship having training facilities and instructors for this purpose, dealing with the prin-
OV
ciples involved and the application of these principles to ship operation.
6-N
In drawing up an Administration-approved syllabus of training, the Revised Specifications for the de-
sign, operation and control of crude oil washing systems of tankers shall be taken into account.
d1
Such training shall include but not necessarily be limited to:
(a) An introduction to the principles of crude oil washing which shall include:
te
the characteristics of crude oil as a washing fluid and its contrast with water washing;
- top washing;
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- bottom washing;
85
- trim requirements;
- methods of bleeding off from the cargo discharge;
269
- maintenance of required washing fluid pressure;
- washing at sea between discharge ports;
f5
- recirculatory washing;
- relative priorities and requirements for the departure ballast tanks, arrival ballast tanks
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and cargo-only tanks.
(b) Equipment and design
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(i) location of washing machines;
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(ii) washing machines, deck-mounted and submerged:
- types;
- characteristics;
san
- features of construction;
- operating parameters;
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(iii) drive units;
(iv) washing fluid supply and distribution systems;
BS
(v) stripping systems;
(vi) means of sounding tanks;
eA
(vii) inert gas requirements.
(c) Generalized crude oil washing procedures
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(i) traditional pipeline ship/free-flow ship/partial free-flow ship;
(ii) single-/multi-parcel cargoes;
(iii) optimization of washing procedure in order to minimize extra berth time;
(iv) ballasting for departure with various ship and pipeline configurations;
(v) procedure for washing at sea between discharge ports.
15
Page 19
(d) Associated procedure
(i) means for minimizing residues on board
- stripping of cargo tanks;
- draining and stripping of cargo lines;
9
- final discharge of cargo ashore;
0
-20
(ii) water rinsing of arrival ballast tanks;
(iii) filling and ultimate discharge of arrival ballast;
OV
(iv) discharge of departure ballast;
(v) build-up and decanting of residues in slop tank;
6-N
(vi) requirements of Regulation 9 of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78;
(vii) avoidance of venting in port during ballasting operations.
d1
(e) Safety
(i) inert gas procedure;
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(ii) maintenance and monitoring of inert gas quality and pressure;
(iii)
Da
stopping of washing/discharge under abnormal inert gas conditions;
(iv) electrostatic generation and the precautions required to avoid it;
(v) pipework integrity;
85
(vi) avoidance of surge pressures;
269
(vii) spillage.
(f) Checklists
f5
(i) before entering port;
(ii) before commencing crude oil washing;
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(iii) after crude oil washing;
(iv) after sailing.
ter
(g) Regulatory enforcement procedures
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(i) Operations and Equipment Manual;
(ii) Oil Record Book;
san
(iii) sounding of tanks;
(iv) measurement of oil on surface of departure ballast.
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(h) Maintenance of plant and equipment
(i) maintenance of equipment in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions;
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(ii) additional maintenance items.
Administrations shall ensure that the training facility issues an appropriate document to those qual-
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ified in accordance with this appendix to serve as officers primarily responsible for crude oil washing.
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16
Page 20
Revised Specifications: Appendix III
Appendix IlI
Agreed interpretations of certain of the provisions of
the Revised Specifications
9
4.1.1. This paragraph requires pipes and valves to be of steel or other equivalent material. As
0
classification societies permit grey cast iron for cargo piping with a maximum permissible
-20
2
working oil pressure of 16 kg/cm
, grey cast iron may be permitted in the supply system for
crude oil washing systems when complying with nationally approved standards.
OV
4.1.3 The requirements of this paragraph allow alternative arrangements. One such alternative is
that where the system is served only by centrifugal pumps so designed that the pressure
6-N
derived cannot exceed that for which the piping is designed, a temperature sensing device
located in the pump casing is required to stop the pump in the case of overheating.
4.1.6 On new oil tankers the steam heater referred to shall be located outside the machinery
d1
spaces. However, on an existing oil tanker with an existing steam heater located in the
machinery spaces, no more additional isolation will be required other than that which iso-
te
lates the crude oil washing system from the machinery spaces.
4.2.4
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This paragraph requires each machine to be capable of being isolated by means of stop
valves in the supply line. Where more than one submerged machine is connected to the
same supply line a single isolating stop valve in the supply line may be acceptable pro-
85
vided the rotation of the submerged machines can be verified in accordance with para-
graph 4.2.13(a) or (c) of the Revised Specifications for the design, operation and control of
269
crude oil washing systems.
With regard to the application of this paragraph a slop tank is considered as a cargo tank.
f5
4.2.9 Guidelines for the assessment of shadow diagrams
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(a) Shadow diagrams (to be prepared in accordance with 4.2.9) must be on drawings the
scale of which must be at least:
ter
(i) 1:100 for tankers of less than 100,000 tons deadweight
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(ii) 1:200 for tankers of 100,000 tons deadweight and above.
(b) The drawings must provide at least a plan view, a profile view and an end elevation
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for each tank, or for tanks considered to be similar.
(c) Sufficient detailed drawings of the vessel must be provided to check that all large
primary structural members have been included.
Bu
(d) The term large primary structural members is to be construed as those components
of a tank structure which contribute significant strength to the ship, such as web
BS
frames and girders. It is intended that smaller components such as those that contri-
bute to plate stiffening be excluded. In general the following lists, in conjunction with
eA
the diagram showing structural components of cargo tanks, may be used to amplify
this interpretation. ( See diagram on page 20. )
Include Disregard
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(i) web frames (i) longitudinals
(ii) girders (ii) brackets
(iii) stringers (iii) stiffeners
(iv) webs (iv) ladders
(v) main bracket (v) pipe work
(vi) transverses (vi) corrugations on corrugated bulkheads
17
Page 21
Include Disregard
(vii) crossties in transverse web (vii) face plates
frames, unless it can be verified
by tank inspection that their pre-
9
sence does not affect the clean-
liness of the tank. However, for
0
the purpose of making an initial
-20
assessment, where there are no
more than two crossties and each
OV
is less than 1/15 of the total depth
of the tank they may be ignored.
6-N
(e) Shadows cast upon the underside of decks, web frames, centre and side girders can
be ignored.
(f) Calculations must be provided either on the drawing or separately to show how the
d1
percentages required by 4.2.8 have been arrived at. The calculations should be item-
ized so that it is possible to relate each item with a particular shadow area.
te
(g) Where a curved surface is presented to jets it is not necessary to provide exact geo-
Da
metric projections to determine the resultant shadow. A reasonable estimate is ac-
ceptable.
85
(h) For the purpose of determining the bottom area of wing tanks, the breadth of the tank
is to be taken as the horizontal distance measured across the top of the bottom longi-
269
tudinal frames to the inside of the shell plating, midway between the tank bulkheads.
(i) A swash bulkhead may be taken as a tank boundary. However, in this event the bulk-
head must be assumed to have no openings in it.
f5
4.2.10 Water rinse means the water washing process carried out in connection with tank cleaning
Re
after crude oil washing and is not intended to be construed as limiting the amount of water
needed in the process.
oil monitoring system

ter
4.2.10(c) (a) The referred to in this paragraph means any approved system,
including laboratory tests, which verifies that the oil content of the effluent does not
Let
exceed the stated level. If laboratory tests are to be conducted, standards contained
in resolution A.393(X) should be used as guidance. Oil tankers engaging in a trade
where discharge of cargo takes place in one port State and cargo loading in another
san
port State create a special problem with respect to verification. Two alternatives avai-
lable to confirm the tanker’s capability are:
Bu
(i) the tanker could be required to conduct the entire crude oil washing operations
at the discharge port, taking inspectors to sea if necessary to observe water
washing, handling of departure ballast and discharge of arrival ballast;
BS
(ii) co-ordination between the flag State Administrations and port States to obtain
the required documentation.
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However the test is performed, it should be decided on a case-by-case basis taking
into account the service of the tanker and the availability of surveyors.
Se
(b) The expression totally discharged to the loading port harbour which is used in this
paragraph shall be so construed as to mean the total quantity of arrival ballast except
that quantity which is to be retained on board as specified in section 15 of the Ope-
rations and Equipment Manual.
18
Page 22
Revised Specifications: Appendix III
4.4.3 During bottom washing the stripping capacity shall be at least 1.25 times the total through-
put of all the machines that may be simultaneously in use according to paragraph 4.4.3.
This does not mean that all the machines in a tank have to be operated simultaneously
during bottom washing but the bottom washing may be carried out in steps according to
detailed procedures laid down in the Operations and Equipment Manual. The stripping ca-
9
pacity should be at least 1.25 times the throughput of all machines that are in operation si-
0
multaneously during any stage of the bottom washing.
-20
4.4.5 In crude oil tankers having individual cargo pumps in each tank, each pump having an indi-
vidual piping system, dispensation from the required special small-diameter line may be
OV
given in cases where the combined amount of oil left in the tank after stripping and the vol-
ume of oil in the piping system from the manifold to the tank is less than 0.00085 times the
6-N
volume of the cargo tank. If a deepwell cargo pump system is provided with an evacuating
system for retained oil, the above consideration should also apply.
5.2 (b) This paragraph requires that officers who assume overall charge of a crude oil washing
d1
operation must have participated in a crude oil washing operation on the ship for which
they are required to undertake the responsibility for cargo discharge, or on a similar ship.
te
However, for new ships, for ships changing for the first time to the carriage of crude oil, for
ships new to a particular owner, or for ships which are changing registry in which it may not
Da
be possible to acquire the particular experience, the Administration may accept as an alter-
native:
85
(i) a person such as a shore-based senior officer appointed by the company (additional
to the ship’s complement) who is experienced in the operation of crude oil washing
269
and is present to advise the ships personnel; or
(ii) a senior member of the crew such as the master, chief officer or cargo control officer
f5
who has participated in at least four crude oil washing operations and is on board the
ship;
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provided that an Operations and Equipment Manual, in a language readily understood by
the ship’s officers, is available on the ship.
ter
Let
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BS
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19
Page 23
Diagram showing structural components of cargo tanks
-20

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269
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20
Page 24
DIAGRAM SHOWING STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF CARGO TANKS IN
A TYPICAL DOUBLE HULL TANKER
09
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269
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Page 25
2. DRAWINGS OF CRUDE OIL WASHING RELATED SYSTEMS
This Section contains the following drawings in diagrammatic form:
2.1 Cargo Oil System
2.2 Cargo Oil System Manifold Arrangement
9
2.3 Segregated Water Ballast System
0
-20
2.4 Tank Washing System
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2.5 Inert Gas and Tank Ventilation Systems
2.6 Location of Sundry Equipment
6-N
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BS
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Page 26
Diagram 2.1 – Cargo Oil System
0 9
-20
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COT 1 P
COT 1 S
6-N
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COT 2 S
COT 2 P
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269
COT 3 P
COT 3 S
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150
150
Re
150
150
150
150
COT 4 P COT 4 S
ter
CARGO MANIFOLDS
150
150
Let
250
150
150
150
150
150
32
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MAIN DRAIN LINE
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COT 5 P
COT 5 S
BS
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RESIDUE TANK
COT 6 P
COT 6 S
STERN MANIFOLD
Se
ARRANGEMENT
ODME SAMPLING &
FLOW METERING
CONN’S FOR PORTABLE

SLS
DRAIN PUMP
SLP
UNDERWATER OUTLET
ABOVE-WATER OUTLET
TO T.W. SYSTEM
Page 27
Diagram 2.2 – Cargo Oil System Manifold Arrangement
TO/FROM No. 1 C.O.T. (S)
9
TO/FROM No. 1 C.O.T. (P)
0
FROM GAS-FREEING FAN
-20
TO W.B. SYSTEM

PIPING
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SPILL TANK
TO/FROM No. 4 C.O. TANK (P)
TO STERN MANIFOLD

ARRANGEMENT
TO/FROM No. 4 C.O. TANK (S)
TO/FROM SLOP TANKS
MAIN
DRAIN
LINE
Page 28
Diagram 2.3 – Segregated Water Ballast System
FPT
FILLING LINE FROM G/S SYSTEM
0 9
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6-N
WBT 1 P WBT 1 S
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WBT 2 P WBT 2 S
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269
WBT 3 P WBT 3 S
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WBT 4 P
WBT 4 S
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WBT 5 P
WBT 5 S
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HOSE CONN. FOR
TRANSFER OF HEAVY
BALLAST TO C.O. SYSTEM
BS
HOSE CONN. FOR
SUPPLY OF I.G. OR
C.W.T. (P)
GAS FREEING AIR
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WBT 6 P WBT 6 S
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250
250
C.W.T. (S)
FOR VENTILATION
OF CLEANING
WATER TANKS
Page 29
Diagram 2.4 – Tank Washing System
0 9
-20
COT
COT
1 P
1 S
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6-N
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COT
COT
2 P
2 S
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COT
COT
3 P
3 S
f5 269
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COT
COT
4 P
4 S
ter
LEGEND
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FIXED TANK WASHING MACHINE
HATCH FOR PORTABLE
COT
TANK WASHING MACHINE
COT
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5 P
5 S
HOSE CONNECTOR FOR PORTABLE
TANK WASHING MACHINE
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125
BS
COT
COT
6 P
6 S
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C.W.T. (P) C.W.T. (S)
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SPILL T. P
SPILL T. S
(above)
(above)
SLP
SLS
FROM C.O. SYSTEM
FROM G/S SYSTEM
FROM W.B. SYSTEM PIPING
(for tank ventilaltion)
FROM DETERGENT
TANK
Page 30
Diagram 2.5 – Inert Gas and Tank Ventilation Systems
0 9
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6-N
COT 1 P
COT 1 S
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269
COT 2 P
COT 2 S
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COT 3 P
COT 3 S
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TO VAPOUR
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MANIFOLD
COT 4 P
COT 4 S
TO W.B. SYSTEM
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P/V BREAKER
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COT 5 P
COT 5 S
COT 6 P
COT 6 S
LEGEND
I.G. SUPPLY TO CARGO TANK
200
I.G. SUPPLY TO W.B. TANKS
SLP SLS
I.G. FILLING CONNECTION (W.B. TANK)
FROM I.G.
P/V SAFETY VALVE

GENERATOR
WATER SEAL
Page 31
Diagram 2.6 – Location of Sundry Equipment
0 9
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COT 1 P
COT 1 S
6-N
R R
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COT 2 P
COT 2 S
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R R
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269
COT 3 P
COT 3 S
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R R
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Let
COT 4 P
COT 4 S
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R R
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COT 5 P
COT 5 S
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R R
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COT 6 P
COT 6 S
LEGEND
R R
R
LEVEL GAUGE
2" TANK GAUGING STATION
R R TEMPERATURE SENSOR UNIT
SLP SLS
HIGH-LEVEL AND OVERFILL
ALARM SWITCH UNIT
Page 32
3. DESCRIPTION OF CRUDE OIL WASHING RELATED SYSTEMS AND
OPERATIONAL AND EQUIPMENT PARAMETERS
This Section contains descriptions of:
- The cargo oil system and associated stripping arrangement (Subsection 3.2).
09
- The segregated water ballast system (Subsection 3.3).
-20
- The tank washing system and associated operating procedures (Subsection 3.4).
- The inert gas and tank ventilation system (Subsection 3.5).
OV
- Sundry equipment related to cargo oil handling and tank washing (Subsection 3.6).
6-N
In addition, it specifies:
(1) Method of preventing entry of cargo oil into the engine room.
d1
(2) Minimum operation pressure for crude oil washing.
(3) Types of washing machines and their standpipe length inside the tanks.
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(4) Revolutions of the machines.
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(5) Duration of tank washing machine cycles.
(6) Methods of checking the operation of the tank washing machines.
85
(7) Maximum permitted oxygen level in cargo tanks.
269
(8) Results of the test performed in accordance with paragraph 4.2.10 (b) of the Revised
Specifications and the method of computation (Subsection 3.7).
f5
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3.1 Introduction
This vessel is a double hull construction throughout the cargo tank area with the double
ter
bottom and side spaces used for segregated water ballast. The cargo tank area is isolated
from the engine room by means of the ballast pump room.
Let
Note! Throughout this Manual, the expression "cargo tank" represents any cargo carry-
"cargo oil tank" represents any such
san
ing tank including the slop tanks, whereas
tank except the slop tanks.
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3.2 Cargo Oil System
BS
See diagrams 2.1 and 2.2.
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Tank Arrangement
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The cargo tank area is divided into twelve cargo oil tanks and two slop tanks.
Slop Tank (S) is arranged as the "dirty" tank that during normal washing operations should
be used as recipient for the bottom washings from the cargo oil tanks unless these washings
are discharged directly ashore.
Page 33
Cargo Heating Arrangement
All cargo tanks are provided with steam heated heating coils. The heating system is de-
signed for raising the temperature in the cargo oil tanks from 44 ºC to 80 ºC within 96
hours at an ambient air temperature of 2 ºC and an ambient sea water temperature of 5 ºC,
and the temperature in the slop tanks from 44 ºC to 80 ºC within 24 hours at the same am-
bient temperature conditions.
0
Pump Arrangement
-20
The cargo oil is handled by individual hydraulically driven, submerged centrifugal pumps
OV
installed in suction wells in the double bottom structure:
6-N
Tank Rated pump capacity Max. consumption of hydr. oil
÷ 6 Cargo Oil Tank (P&S)

300 m
/h each @ 110 mlc/dens. 1.0/visc. 1.0 cSt 290 l/min each @ 218 bar
d1
Nos. 1
Slop Tank (P&S) 100 m
/h each @ 110 mlc/dens. 1.0/visc. 1.0 cSt 126 l/min each @ 174 bar
te

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The pumps are normally operated from a dedicated cargo control console in the cargo con-
trol room but may also be operated by means of a manual capacity control valve on top of
85
the respective pump assembly. Emergency stop push buttons are installed as follows:
269
One on the cargo control console.
One in the Hydraulic Power Pack Room.
f5
One at each cargo manifold spill tank.
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Note! Pressing any of the em ergency stop push buttons w ill stop the operation of the en-
ter
tire hydraulic power plant and, as a result, all active consumers of hydraulic oil.
Let
The performance of the individual pump is normally monitored by pressure gauges for hy-
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draulic oil pressure and cargo oil discharge pressure on the cargo control console in the
cargo control room. These pressures may also be monitored by a hydraulic oil pressure
gauge on top of each pump assembly and a pressure gauge on the cargo oil discharge line
Bu
nearby the pump.
BS
The hydraulic power is supplied from a power pack installed in the Hydraulic Power Pack
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Room in the engine room area. The power pack comprises three electric motor driven 280
kW pumps that normally are operated from the cargo control console. They may also be
Se
operated locally. The total output of hydraulic oil is 1,242 l/min @ 268 bar. This allows for
simultaneous operation of maximum five cargo oil tank pumps at rated discharge capacity.
The pumping equipment includes one portable submersible pump for emptying a cargo
tank if the ordinary pump is not available. This will be done by lowering the pump through
the hatch for a portable tank washing machine and discharging the cargo oil through a hose
that can be attached to a dedicated connection on the cargo discharge pipe of the ordinary
pump. The pump is hydraulically driven and has a rated capacity of 80 m

/h @ 70 mlc
(density 1.0/viscosity 1.0 cSt). The hydraulic power is supplied from the hydraulic oil dis-
tribution system via quick-connecting hoses. The pump is manually controlled locally.
Page 34
Main Piping Arrangement
Each cargo oil tank is served by a separate 150 m m cargo m ain line that connects to a
manifold crossover line amidships. The slop tanks are served by a common 150 mm cargo
main line and manifold crossover line. At the manifolds, all the main lines may be con-
nected to a transfer header that is connected to a common manifold crossover. At the for-
ward end of this header, there is a common from the ballast and tank ventilation systems.
0
Immediately downstream from each pump discharge valve, there is a connection from the
-20
cargo main line to a loading and cargo circulation drop line that is carried to the bottom of
the actual tank. Loading of the individual cargo tank may also be done through the pump
OV
riser and pump housing duly considering, however, any restrictions imposed by the pump
6-N
manufacturer.
The slop tank piping is provided with a feeding connection to the tank washing system as
d1
detailed in Subsection 3.4. The slop tank piping is also connected to an overboard dis-
te
charge line for controlled discharge of any water from the cargo tanks as discussed in Sec-
(1)
tion 16
. The outlet is located at the starboard side of the vessel at upper deck level. The
Da
line is provided with flow measuring and sampling probes that are included in the oil dis-
charge monitoring and control equipment (ODME). This equipment controls the overboard
85
discharge valve and a re-circulation valve in a return line to the slop tanks.
269
Tank Stripping Arrangement
f5
Because of the selected type of pumping arrangement, there are no separate facilities for
Re
stripping the cargo tanks. This is instead done by operating the pumps in stripping mode as
discussed in Section 13. This process will leave the pumps’ cargo discharge pipes full of
ter
cargo. To render it possible to strip these discharge pipes, each pump has a small diameter
stripping line fitted between the lower end of the discharge pipe and a point on the cargo
Let
main line downstream from the pump’s discharge valve. Upstream from this valve, the
cargo main line is provided with a hose connection for supply of compressed air to the
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pump’s cargo discharge pipe. The stripping method is described in Section 14.
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Line Stripping Arrangement
The main piping for the cargo oil tanks is connected to a main drain line that is connected
BS
to the slop tanks. This drain line also serves the manifold spill tanks and the shore con-
nections outside of the manifold valves.
eA
For purging the main piping after a completed discharge of cargo oil, there is a 32 mm
Se
main drain line that connects to a small-diameter crossover line at the manifolds that is
connected to the shore connections outside of the manifold valves. The arrangement is
completed with purging air connections downstream from each pump discharge valve as
well as on each cargo main line and manifold crossover line.
(1) The overboard discharge arrangement includes a separate underwater outlet for chemical discharges.
The use of this outlet is outside the scope of this COW Manual.

Page 35
3.3 Segregated Water Ballast System
See diagram 2.3.
The water ballast is carried in six pairs of main tanks as well as in the Fore and Aft Peak
Tanks. The main tanks are integrated in the double hull structure throughout the cargo tank
area. Regarding the possibility to carry additional water ballast, see Section 15.
0
The Aft Peak Tank is served separately by the bilge, fire and general service pumps in the
-20
engine room. All the other ballast tanks are served by two hydraulically driven centrifugal
pumps that are installed in the ballast pump room aft of the cargo tanks area. The pumps
OV
3
have a rated capacity of 350 m
/h each @ 25 mlc. Associated consumption of hydraulic oil
6-N
is 114 l/min each @ 187 bar. The pumps are connected to two 250 mm main lines in the
double bottom that are interconnected through No. 2 Water Ballast Tank (P&S) and in the
pump room. One main line serves all port side main tanks. The other main line serves re-
d1
maining main tanks and the Fore Peak Tank (discharge only). The Fore Peak Tank is filled
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through a connection from the fire system main line on upper deck.
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The ballast pumps are normally operated from the cargo control console but may also be
operated by means of a manual capacity control valve on the pump assembly (regarding
85
emergency stop facilities, see "Pump Arrangement" in Subsection 3.2). The performance of
269
the individual pump is normally monitored by pressure gauges for hydraulic oil pressure
and ballast water discharge pressure on the cargo control console. These pressures may also
f5
be monitored by means of local pressure gauges.
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The pumps take suction from a common sea chest and supply the tanks via the respective
main line. At de-ballasting, the pumps discharge through overboard outlets on both sides of
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the vessel that are located above the ballast waterline.
Let
From the pump room, there is a riser line from the interconnecting line between the pumps
up to upper deck where it may be connected to the cargo oil system transfer header to allow
san
for loading of heavy ballast as discussed in Section 15. The riser line is fitted with a blind
flanged hose connection from the inert gas and tank ventilation systems as detailed in Sub-
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section 3.5.
BS
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Page 36
3.4 Tank Washing System
See diagram 2.4.
The main components of this system are fixed deck-mounted washing machines that are fed
from a 125 mm main line on upper deck. The main line is extended to the bottom of the
ballast pump room. The washing machines connect to the main line through branch lines,
9
one for each pair of cargo tanks.
-20
Crude oil for washing is supplied from the cargo oil system (as detailed in Subsection 11.6)
via a fixed connection between the slop tank piping and the aft end of the main line. The
OV
connecting pipe includes a spool piece that should be set in open position only when re-
6-N
quired for crude oil washing. For washing with sea water or fresh water, there is a dedi-
cated tank washing pump in the ballast pump room. Sea water is drawn from the ballast
system sea chest and fresh water from either of two dedicated cleaning water tanks that are
d1
arranged aft of No. 6 Water Ballast Tank (P) and (S) respectively. The pump supplies to the
te
main line extension in the pump room. As an alternative, sea water may supplied by means
of the bilge, fire and general service pumps in the engine room.
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The tank washing pump is a hydraulically driven unit with a rated capacity of 100 m
/h @
85
110 mlc. Associated consumption of hydraulic oil is 136 l/min @ 203 bar. The pump is
269
normally operated from the cargo control console but may also be operated by means of a
manual capacity control valve on the pump assembly. The performance of the pump is
f5
normally monitored by means of pressure gauges for hydraulic oil pressure and washing
water discharge pressure on the cargo control console. These pressures may also be moni-
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tored by local pressure gauges.
ter
On upper deck aft, there is a steam-heated washing water heater that is connected to the
Let
main line through a by-pass arrangement. The heater is rated for heating of 80 m
/h from
10 ºC to 80 ºC.
san
During washing, the pressure in the main line should be maintained at minimum 8.5 bar at
the aft end in order to ensure satisfactory operating conditions also for the forward-most
Bu
machines. A main line pressure below 7.5 bar would considerably reduce the effectiveness
of the washing operations.
BS
The system includes totally 14 fixed washing machines of type SC 30T and manufactured
eA
by Scanjet Marine AB, Sweden. The distribution and basic data are as follows:
Se
Tank Number
Nozzle
Capacity
Effective reach
Main pipe
of units
diam.

(jet length) *
length
mm
m
/h
m
m
Nos. 1
6 Cargo Oil Tank (P&S)
1 each 10 11,5 18 2.0
Slop Tank (P&S) 1 each 10 11,5 18 2.0
* At an operating pressure of 8 bar at the washing fluid inlet.
The SC 30T washing machine is a single-nozzle unit where the nozzle is rotary mounted in
a housing that is mounted to the lower end of the main pipe. This pipe is rotated by a pro-
Page 37
grammable driving unit that is mounted on top of the washing fluid inlet housing and pow-
ered by a turbine in the inlet housing. The turbine is driven by the washing fluid. The driv-
ing unit gives the main pipe a controlled rotation of 1 to 1.6 rpm (the speed will depend on
the actual supply pressure of the driving fluid and adjustments made as detailed in the
equipment instruction manual). Simultaneously, the driving unit, via a lifting rod and gear
arrangement inside the main pipe causes a change of the nozzle elevation angle at a pre-set
pitch (= change of elevation angle for one full turn of the main pipe).
09

-20
The controlled motions of each nozzle produces a helical spray pattern over the tank sur-
faces with a pitch that can be selected by a programme selector knob on top of the driving
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unit. The machines are delivered with four pre-programmed pitch values; approximately
1.5, 3, 6 and 27º. The actual elevation angle is indicated by a scale on the upper part of the
6-N
lifting rod that protrudes through the driving unit top cover. The vertical movement of this
rod indicates whether the nozzle is moving upwards or downwards. The direction of the
d1
nozzle in the horizontal plane is shown by a distinctive mark on top of the lifting rod. Stan-
dard washing programmes and associated cycle times are described in Subsection 11.7.
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The normal parking position of the nozzles is vertically downwards (elevation angle 0º).
During the preparations for washing, the nozzles are to be cranked to the starting position
85
by means of the tool provided for that purpose. After completion of a washing operation,
the nozzles should be cranked back to the recommended parking position in order to en-
269
hance the draining of the tank washing system. This should also be done if the washing is
stopped with a nozzle in any other position.
f5
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The fixed tank washing installations include dedicated hatches on upper deck to allow for
the use of portable washing machines during washing of the cargo tanks with water. There
ter
are two hatches for each cargo oil tank and one hatch for each the slop tanks. For feeding
the portable washing machines, the branch lines for the permanent washing machines are
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provided with hose connectors of the hydrant valve type.
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BS
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3.5 Inert Gas and Tank Ventilation Systems
See diagrams 2.5 and 2.6.
Page 38
The vessel is equipped with an inert gas system to ensure a non-explosive atmosphere (i.e.
max. 8 per cent of oxygen by volume) in the cargo tanks during cargo handling and tank
washing. The gas is produced in a fuel oil fired gas generator located in the engine room
casing. The rated capacity is 2,250 Nm
/h of inert gas with an oxygen content of maximum
5 per cent by volume. In case the gas generator is not available, inert gas may be received
from an external source through a manifold crossover line connecting to the inert gas main
0 9
line.
-20

The inert gas is discharged to a 200 mm main line on upper deck via a water seal in order to
OV
prevent a back-flow of hydrocarbon gases from the tanks to the engine room. The pressure
in the main line is monitored from the cargo control room via a pressure sensor at the aft
6-N
end of the main line.
d1
From the main line, the inert gas is distributed via branch lines (one for each pair of tanks).
The branch lines are connected to the respective tank through a spool piece that normally
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should be set in open position. Suitably distributed along the main line, there are dedicated
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connections to allow for feeding of inert gas into the main ballast tanks and cleaning water
tanks through hoses and dedicated connections for each tank. Aft of the cargo manifolds,
85
there is a connection on the main line to allow for feeding inert gas into the ballast system
piping. The connecting pipe includes a spool piece that may be mounted only when re-
269
quired for the supply of inert gas into the respective piping system.
f5
To allow for thermal breathing of the cargo tanks during normal voyages, each tank is pro-
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vided with a high-velocity pressure/vacuum (P/V) valve with the set points +2,100/-350
mm WG.
ter
The large amounts of hydrocarbon gases released during loading of the cargo tanks are nor-
Let
mally recovered ashore via branch lines from the P/V valve stand pipes that connect to ei-
ther of two 200 mm vapour recovery headers feeding two crossover lines at the cargo mani-
san
folds. The branch lines between the stand pipes and the headers as well as the connections
between the headers and the crossover lines are fitted with blind flange valves that should
Bu
be set in open position during normal crude oil operating conditions.
BS
For further protection of the cargo tanks from structural damages due to excessive over-
pressure or vacuum conditions, the inert gas main line is also connected to a liquid-filled
eA
P/V breaker aft of the cargo manifolds. The set points are +2,500/-700 mm WG.
Se
3.6 Sundry Cargo Oil Handling & Tank Washing Related Equipment
See diagram 2.7.
Page 39
Each cargo tank is provided with the following fixed equipment with remote read-out in the
cargo control room:
•
One level gauge of the radar beam type (maker Emerson).
•
Two cargo temperature sensor unit (maker Emerson type TMU 5310) installed in a com-
mon protection tube attached to the cargo pump riser.
•
One independent inert gas pressure sensor that is fitted inside the level gauge housing
09
(maker JIN-ASIA).
-20
•
One independent high-level and overfill level alarm (maker Emerson).
OV
For performing various measurements and tests, the vessel is provided with the following
6-N
equipment of make ENRAF:
•
2" tank gauging stations (vapour control valves); one for each cargo tank.
d1
•
One portable detector for combined ullage measurement, cargo oil temperature gauging
te
and oil/water interface checking.
•
One
Da
portable device for liquid sampling.
85

For testing of the tank atmosphere, the equipment includes a portable combined oxygen/
269
hydrocarbon gas analyser (maker JIN-ASIA).
f5
The ballast tanks are equipped with a level gauge system of the electric pressure type with
remote read-out in the cargo control room (maker Emerson).
Re
ter
Let
san
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BS
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Se
Page 40
See Letter
3.7 Surveys and Inspections
The complete tank washing system has been inspected and approved by ABS on behalf of
the Administration and no alteration may be made to the system or any part thereof without
the approval of ABS.
Cargo tanks have been inspected after crude oil washing as required in paragraph 4.2.10(a)
9
of the Revised Specifications and have been found to meet the required standard of clean-
0
liness, being essentially free from oil clingage and deposits.
-20

The ratio of the volume of oil on top of any ballast water carried in cargo tanks (see Section
OV
15) to the volume of tanks that contain such water has been determined and found to satisfy
6-N
the requirements of paragraph 4.2.10(b) of the Revised Specifications.
The results of these inspections and the values of all parameters monitored during associa-
d1
ted washing operations are documented separately by the attending Surveyor.
te

The procedure for calculating the oil volume to tank volume ratio is as follows:
Da

Cargo tank
Tank
Ullage to top
Volume of
Thickness of
Ullage to top
Volume of
Volume
85
with WB
volume
of oil layer
oil + water
oil layer
of water
water
of oil
269
3
3
3
3
m
m
m
m
m
X V
x
U
x
t
x
U
x
+ t
x
Av
a
f5
Re
ter

V = Σ

v = Σ
vx
Let
1. Establish the ullage U
x
and the oil layer thickness t
x
in each tank that contains heavy
water ballast.
san
2. Using the tank capacity tables (ullage tables):
ℵ
Bu

Determine the aggregate volume V of the tanks.
ℑ
Determine the aggregate volume of oil + water in each tank from the ullage U
.
ℜ
BS
Determine the volume of the water only in each tank from the ullage ( U
x
+ t
).
3. Determine the aggregate volume of oil v by subtracting, for each tank, the value ob-
eA
tained in ℜ from the value obtained in ℑ and adding the resultant values together.
4. Calculate the ratio v/V between remaining volume of oil (v) to tank volume (V).
Se
Page 41
4. DANGERS OF AND PRECAUTIONS AGAINST OIL LEAKAGE
This Section contains information on the dangers of leakage from the crude oil washing system,
the precautions necessary to prevent leakage and the action to be taken in the event of leakage.
Leakage of crude oil from the tank washing system can be a potential fire and pollution
9
hazard. Therefore, the system should be pressure tested to maximum working pressure, 10
0
bar, and examined for leaks prior to each washing operation.
-20
Note! Washing with crude oil must be stopped immediately if any sign of leakage or
OV
fault in the washing system is discovered.
6-N
Procedure
•
Verify that all washing machine stop valves are closed except the stop valve for the ma-
d1
chine in Slop Tank (P).
te
•
Verify that the system is lined up for supply from Slop Tank (P) and that the washing
Da
water heater and all water washing hose connectors are properly isolated.
•
Start the pump in Slop tank (P). Let the stop valve for the slop tank washing machine
85
remain open to allow for some circulation of oil through the pump.
•
Operate
269
the pump at low speed in order to fill the washing system piping. Open the stop
valve for the washing machine in one of the forward-most tanks to be washed. Close it
when it can be verified that the system is filled.
f5
•
Close the stop valve for the slop tank washing machine gradually and increase the pump
Re
speed so that the pressure increases to maximum working pressure.
•
Open the stop valves for individual washing machines for a short moment to expel any
ter
air in the system and to permit inspection of valve glands and washing machine tops for
Let
leakage.
•
Maintain the pressure whilst a careful inspection is carried out of all valves, flanges,
san
joints and the piping itself.
During crude oil washing operations, the system must be kept under continuous observa-
Bu
tion for leakage (see Section 7). Upon completion, it must be completely drained as descri-
bed in Section 14. If it is necessary for the system to be cleaned out, it should be thor-
BS
oughly flushed with water that then has to be drained to the slop tanks.
eA
Se
Page 42
5. USE AND CONTROL OF INERT GAS
This Section contains information on the inert gas requirements and the instructions to cover
those periods when the inert gas pressure is released for reasons of cargo operation. In addition
it indicates the method and procedures to be used for taking samples of the tank atmosphere.
9
The cargo tanks should always be kept pressurized with good quality inert gas (maximum 8
0
per cent of oxygen by volume). The pressure may be temporarily released for ullaging,
-20
cargo and gas sampling and water dips before discharge. The percentage of oxygen in the
tank atmosphere should be checked at this stage to ensure that it is not exceeding above-
OV
mentioned value. All routine checks of the tank ullage spaces and the tank contents should
be done via the tank gauging stations using associated sampling equipment.
6-N

The supply of inert gas must commence before the start of cargo discharge in order to avoid
d1
vacuum or ingress of air into the tanks to be discharged. The percentage of oxygen in the
produced gas must be kept as low as possible. It should not be allowed to exceed 5 per cent
te
by volume. The pressure in the tanks must always be maintained above atmospheric pres-
Da
sure. Under no circumstances should air be allowed to enter any tank that is to be crude oil
washed.
85
269
Prior to the washing of a tank, the percentage of oxygen in the tank atmosphere must be
checked by use of the portable oxygen analyser and be verified not exceeding 8 per cent by
f5
volume. Samples should be taken one metre below the deck and in the middle of the ullage
space, well away from the inert gas inlet point.
Re
Note! Washing with crude oil must be stopped immediately
•
if
ter
there is a failure of the inert gas system;
•
if the percentage of oxygen in the inert gas when it enters the tanks exceeds 8
Let
per cent by volume;
•
if the percentage of oxygen in the tank atmosphere exceeds 8 per cent by
san
volume; or
•
if
Bu
the pressure of the tank atmosphere falls below atmospheric pressure.
BS
The cargo discharge port or terminal must be notified about any failure of the inert gas sys-
tem. Decisions about appropriate actions are to be taken together with the port or terminal
eA
authorities. If it is decided to unload the vessel without supply of inert gas from the vessel’s
own plant, the emergency procedures detailed in IMO guidelines for inert gas system must
Se
be adhered to. See transcription of these procedures on the next two pages.
Page 43
Transcription of Section 8 of PART I, Guidelines for Inert Gas Systems of the IMO Publi-
cation IMO-860E "Inert Gas Systems", 1990 edition.
8 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
0 9
8.1 In the event of total failure of the inert gas system to deliver the required quality and quan-
-20
tity of inert gas and maintain a positive pressure in the cargo tanks and slop tanks, action must
be taken immediately to prevent any air being drawn into the tank. All cargo tank operations
should be stopped, the deck isolating valve be closed, and the vent between it and the gas pres-
OV
sure regulating valve should be opened and immediate action should be taken to repair the inert
gas system.
6-N

8.2 In the case of tankers engaged in the carriage of crude oil it is essential that the cargo tanks
be maintained in the inerted condition to avoid the hazard of pyrophoric iron sulphide ignition.
d1
If it is assessed that the tanks cannot be maintained in an inerted condition before the inert gas
system can be repaired, an external supply of inert gas should be connected to the system
te
through the arrangements required by regulation 62.11.5 as soon as practicable, to avoid air be-
ing drawn into the cargo tanks.
Da

8.3 In the case of product carriers, if it is considered to be totally impracticable to effect a re-
85
pair to enable the inert gas system to deliver the required quality and quantity of gas and main-
269
tain a positive pressure in the cargo tanks, cargo discharge and deballasting may only be re-
sumed provided that either an external supply of inert gas is connected to the system through the
arrangements required by regulation 62.11.5, or the following precautions are taken:
f5
.1 In the case of tankers built on or after 1 Septem ber 1984, the venting system is
Re
checked to ensure that approved devices to prevent the passage of flame into cargo
tanks are fitted and that these devices are in a satisfactory condition.
ter
.2 In the case of tankers built before 1 September 1984 the flame screens are checked to
ensure that they are in a satisfactory condition.
Let
.3 The valves on the vent mast risers are opened.
san
.4 No free fall of water or slops is permitted.
.5 No dipping, ullaging, sampling or other equipment should be introduced into the tank
Bu
unless essential for the safety of the operation. If it is necessary for such equipment
to be introduced into the tank, this should be done only after at least 30 minutes have
elapsed since the injection of inert gas ceased. All metal components of equipment to
BS
be introduced into the tank should be securely earthed. This restriction should be ap-
plied until a period of five hours has elapsed since injection of inert gas has ceased.
eA
8.4 In the case of product carriers, if it is essential to clean tanks following a failure of the inert
Se
gas system and inerted conditions as defined in regulation 62.2.2 cannot be maintained, tank
cleaning should be carried out with an external supply of inert gas connected to the system. Al-
ternatively, if an external supply of inert gas is not connected to the ship, the following precau-
tions should be taken, in addition to 8.3.1 to 8.3.5:
Page 44
(Transcription continued)
.1 Tank washing should be carried out only on one tank at a time.
9
.2 The tank should be isolated from other tanks and from any common venting system
0
or the inert gas main and maximum ventilation output should be concentrated on that
-20
tank both before and during the washing process. Ventilation should provide as far as
possible a free flow of air from one end of the tank to the other.
OV
.3 The tank bottom should be flushed with water and stripped. The piping system in-
cluding cargo pumps, cross-overs and discharge lines should also be flushed with
6-N
water.
.4 Washing should not commence until tests have been made at various levels to estab-
d1
lish that the vapour content in any part of the tank is below 10% of the lower flam-
mable limit.
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.5 Testing of the tank atmosphere should continue during the washing process. If the
Da
vapour level rises to within 50% of the lower flammable limit, washing should be
discontinued until the vapour level has fallen to 20% of the lower flammable limit or
less.
85
3
.6 /h are to be used,
If washing machines with individual capacities exceeding 60 m
269
only one such machine shall be used at any one time on the ship. If portable ma-
chines are used, all hose connections should be made up and bonding cables tested
for continuity before the machines are introduced into the tank and should not be
f5
broken until after the machines have been removed from the tank.
Re
.7 The tank should be kept drained during washing. If build-up of wash water occurs,
washing should be stopped until the water has been cleared.
ter
.8 Only clean, cold seawater should be used. Recirculating systems should not be used.
Let
.9 Chemical additives should not be used.
.10 All deck openings, except those necessary for washing and designed venting arrange-
san
ments, should be kept closed during the washing process.
8.5 During cargo operation in port, more stringent regulations of the port Authorities shall take
Bu
precedence over any of the foregoing emergency procedures.
BS
8.6 The attention of the ship’s master should be drawn to regulation 11(c) of chapter 1 of the
1978 SOLAS Protocol in the event of the inert gas system having become inoperative.
eA
Se
Page 45
6. PRECAUTIONS AGAINST ELECTROSTATIC HAZARDS
This Section contains details of the procedures for minimizing electrostatic generation.
Mixtures of oil and water can produce an electrically charged mist if used as washing fluid
and the use of "dry" crude oil, i.e. oil free from water, is therefore of utmost importance. To
9
eliminate the possibility of developing such a mist, any tank containing crude oil that is to
0
-20
be used as washing fluid is to be partially unloaded ("de-bottomed") to remove any water
that may have settled out during the voyage. To ensure adequate safety, a minimum of one
OV
metre depth of cargo should be unloaded for this reason.
6-N
As the slop tanks during crude oil service normally will contain a mixture of retained oil
residues and cargo oil, the whole content of these tanks should, for the same reason, be un-
d1
loaded before any crude oil washing is commenced. However, if the slop tanks have not
been used for handling of any water during the preceding ballast voyage and have carried
te
cargo oil during the current voyage, they may be considered in the same way as the cargo
Da
oil tanks and the content be used as washing fluid directly after a normal de-bottoming.
Note! After use of the tank washing system for washing with water, it must be carefully
85
drained before it is again used for washing with crude oil.
f5 269
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Page 46
7. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
This Section specifies the number of persons to be associated with the crude oil washing process
and their necessary qualifications. Their names and rank may be provided on separate docu-
ments.
9
The following personnel are required to participate in carrying out the dual operation of
0
cargo discharge and crude oil washing:
-20
•
The Master or Chief Officer who will have the overall responsibility of the operation.
OV
He must meet with the requirements of paragraph 5.2 of the Revised Specifications (see
Section 1 of this Manual).
6-N
•
One Officer who will undertake the actual operation. He must meet with the require-
ments of paragraph 5.3 of the Revised Specifications. Prior to any washing, he will
d1
check the percentage of oxygen in the cargo tank atmosphere.
•
A minimum of one Petty Officer or Rating who will patrol on deck at all times during
the washing. He will
te
Da
- assist in the checking of the oxygen content of the cargo tank atmospheres;
85
- check tank atmosphere pressures;
- monitor the operation of the washing machines;
269
- keep watch for leaks and malfunction of equipment; and
f5
- sound tank bottoms when so required.
Re
The duties of the persons referred to above are not necessarily mutually exclusive.
ter
Personnel responsible for the operation of the installation are to be licensed or certified to
Let
the satisfaction of the Administration.
san
Bu
BS
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Page 47
8. METHODS OF COMMUNICATION
This Section gives the details of communication between the watchkeeper on deck and the cargo
control position so that, in the event of a leak or malfunctioning of the crude oil washing system,
the washing may be stopped as soon as possible.
9
During crude oil washing, the Officer in charge of the operation and the person patrolling
0
the deck for monitoring the washing machines etc. must be provided with suitable commu-
-20
nications equipment that must be operating all the time on the same channel.
OV
Note! The availability of two of these sets for the crude oil washing personnel shall have
priority over any other requirements on communications equipment during crude
6-N
oil washing.
Note! No valve should be opened or closed in the crude oil washing system without the
d1
one party informing the other as to the action he is taking.
te
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85
f5 269
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Page 48
9. DETERMINATION OF THE SUITABILITY OF A CRUDE OIL FOR USE IN
CRUDE OIL WASHING
This Section contains guidance in determining the suitability of crude oil for use in crude oil wash-
ing.
9
Attention is drawn to the difficulties that may be encountered with certain crude oils. Dur-
0
ing the discharge of a crude oil whose properties would create either pumpability problems
-20
or sludge deposition, crude oil washing of a specific tank should be carried out concur-
rently with the discharging of the tank in order to minimize the effect of the cooling down
OV
of crude oil residues. Cooling will increase both the kinematic and dynamic viscosities of
6-N
the residues and therefore affect the efficiency of the crude oil washing.
As this vessel is fitted with heating facilities in all cargo tanks it can, subject to the limita-
d1
tions of the cargo heating system, carry cargoes that require heating for either pumpability
te
or sludge deposition/control. However, certain crude oils are potentially difficult due to
their high pour point temperature or viscosity. The following is an informative but not ex-
Da
haustive list of crude oils that are potentially difficult due to their high pour point or viscos-
ity:
85
269
Amna Ardjuna Boscan Bu Affitel Cabinda
Cinta Duri Gamba Jatibarang Labuan
f5
Laguna Lagunillas Lucina Maya Minas (Sumatra Heavy)
Re
Minas (Sumatra Light) Sarir Shengli Tapis Tia Juana Pesado
Tila

ter
As this list never can be complete and kept up to date with the continuous development of
Let
new oil finds and associated new trade patterns for which this vessel may be used, the fol-
lowing criteria should be used as a general guidance to the suitability of other oils for crude
san
oil washing onboard this vessel:
Bu
Aromatic Crude Oils
For aromatic crude oils whose kinematic viscosity is the temperature controlling character-
BS
istic, the kinematic viscosity of the oil used for crude oil washing should not exceed 60 cSt
eA
at the oil washing medium temperature.
Se
Paraffinic Crude Oils
For paraffinic crude oils whose pour point temperature is the controlling characteristic, the
temperature of the oil to be used for crude oil washing should exceed its cloud point tem-
perature by at least 10
C if excessive sludging is present. The oil should only be used once
in a closed cycle washing programme.
Information about the approximate cloud point temperature may be acquired using one of
the following methods:
a. Calculate it by means of the following formula where the pour point temperature (X) of
the crude oil is known:
Page 49
0.00708X – 0.1157714
Cloud Point Temperature (ºC) = 20.2

(10
) + 8
b. Extract it from the graph below.
c. Obtain it by use of the Bondi test procedure if the pour point exceeds approximately
25 ºC. The procedure is described below.
-20

Graph to determine cloud point temperature
OV

50
6-N

45
C)
d1
Cloud point temperature (
40
te

35
Da

85
30
269
25
f5
20

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Re
Pour point temperature (
C)
ter
Bondi Test Procedure
Let
1. Obtain a representative sample of the cargo oil. The sample must not be allowed to cool
down before commencing the procedure.
san
2. Pour the sample into a glass container (preferably nearly spherical) that is made of heat-
temperature-resistant glass.
Bu
3. Insert a thermometer into the centre of the sample volume and heat the sample to a tem-
perature of at least 30 ºC above the pour point temperature using a hot water bath.
BS
Do not tightly stopper the container during this procedure!
eA
4. Prepare an additional bath with water whose temperature is at least 15 ºC below the pour
point temperature of the sample.
Se
5. Have a clock or watch with a second hand available, immerse the heated container into
the cold bath and record at very regular intervals (at least every 30 s) the temperature of
the sample. Plot graphically (see example below) the sample temperature against time
elapsed from the start of the test.
6. Determine the temperatures at which there was no loss of temperature with time elapsed.
The first such instance will be the approximate cloud point temperature and the second
instance, if the test is extended to the required period, will be the approximate pour point
temperature of the crude oil.
Page 50
Bondi Test Plot (typical)
80
75
70
C)
9
o
65
Temperature (
0
Cloud point temperature
-20
60
OV
55
50
6-N
Pour point
temperature
45
d1
40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
7
8
9
te
Time (minutes)
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85
If the vessel has carried more than one grade of cargo and one of these is unsuitable for
269
crude oil washing, such washing should be carried out in those tanks which have carried oil
which is suitable for crude oil washing. Washing using the suitable grade may be carried
out in the tanks that have contained the oil unsuitable for crude oil washing subject to the
f5
consent of the cargo receiver.
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Page 51
10. CRUDE OIL WASHING CHECK LISTS
This Section contains operational check lists for the use of the crew at each discharge of crude
oil. At each such occasion, all instruments shall be checked and calibrated.
1 – CHECKS BEFORE CARGO DISCHARGE
0 9
Item Check activity
-20
1.1 Verify that the port or terminal has been notified.
1.2 Verify that the oxygen analyzing equipment is calibrated and tested, and that it is working properly.
OV
1.3 Verify that all water washing hose connectors are properly isolated.
6-N
1.4 Verify that the washing water heater is properly isolated.
1.5 Verify that all valves to the fixed tank washing machines are checked shut.
d1
1.6 Verify that the tank piping has been pressurized to maximum working pressure (10 bar) and that any leaks have
been made good.
te
1.7 Verify that the washing machine driving units have been inspected.
1.8
Da
Verify that the pressure gauges on discharge lines and tank washing lines have been checked.
1.9 Verify that the cargo oil pump pressure gauges have been checked.
85
1.10 Verify that the communication system has been checked and tested.
269
1.11 Verify that the organization plan has been drawn up and posted with duties and responsibilities defined.
1.12 Verify that the discharge/crude oil washing operations plan has been drawn up and posted.
f5
1.13 In case the port or terminal has a standard radio check list, verify that it has been completed and transmitted.
Re
2 – CHECKS BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER CRUDE OIL WASHING OPERATIONS
A – Checks before crude oil washing
ter
Item Check activity
Let
2.1 Verify that all pre-arrival checks and conditions are in order.
2.2 Verify that the discharge/crude oil washing operations have been discussed with both vessel and shore staffs
san
and that the agreed plan is readily available for easy reference.
2.3 Verify that communication links between deck/control station and control station/shore have been set up and that
Bu
they are working properly.
2.4 Verify that crude oil washing abort conditions and procedures have been discussed and agreed by both vessel
and shore staffs.
BS
2.5 Verify that fixed and portable oxygen and hydrocarbon analyzers have been calibrated and tested and that they
are working properly.
eA
2.6 Verify that the inert gas system is working properly and that the percentage of oxygen in delivered inert gas is
below 5 per cent by volume.
Se
2.7 Verify that the percentage of oxygen in the tank atmosphere of the tanks to be crude oil washed is below 8 per
cent by volume as checked by the Officer in charge.
2.8 Verify that all cargo tanks have a positive inert gas pressure.
2.9 Verify that a Responsible Person has been assigned to check all tank washing lines for leaks as soon as the
washing starts.
2.10 Verify that all valves and lines on deck have been checked for leaks.
2.11 Verify that the washing machine driving units have been set for the required washing programme and that the
machine nozzles have been cranked to the correct starting position.
Page 52
B – Checks during crude oil washing
Item Check activity
2.12 Verify that the quality of delivered inert gas is frequently checked and recorded.
2.13 Verify that all deck lines and washing machines are frequently checked for leaks.
2.14 Verify that crude oil washing is in progress in designated tanks only.
9
2.15 Verify that the pressure in the tank washing main line is minimum 8.5 bar.
0
2.16 Verify that cycle times and programme settings of the washing machines are as specified in the Manual.
-20
2.17 Verify that the washing machine driving units are frequently checked and that the machines are working prop-
erly.
OV
2.18 Verify that a Responsible Person is stationed continuously on deck.
6-N
2.19 Verify that the vessel has a trim of at least 1.8 m by the stern when bottom washing is in progress.
2.20 Verify that the recommended tank draining method is followed.
d1
2.21 Verify that the level in the slop tanks used for holding of washing oil or tank washings is frequently checked to
prevent any possibility of an overflow.
te
C – Checks after crude oil washing
Item Check activity
Da
2.22 Verify that all valves between the cargo oil system and the tank washing main line are closed.
85
2.23 Verify that the tank washing main line has been drained of crude oil.
269
2.24 Verify that all washing machine stop valves are closed and that the machine nozzles have been turned to the
parking position (elevation angle 0º).
f5
2.25 Verify that cargo oil pumps, tanks and pipelines are properly purged and drained as specified in the Manual.
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BS
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Page 53
11. RECOMMENDED METHODS AND PROGRAMMES FOR CRUDE OIL
WASHING
This Section contains those details which form the basis of crude oil washing of the vessel and
which are necessary to formulate a washing programme which will accord with all foreseeable
circumstances of cargo discharge restraints. It includes information on:
9
(1) the minimum number of tanks to be washed in accordance with paragraph 6.1 of the
0
Revised Specifications;
-20
(2) the method of washing each tank, i.e. single- or multi-stage;
(3) the number of tank washing machines to be used simultaneously;
OV
(4) the crude oil washing pressure and means to maintain the required pressure;
(5) the duration of the crude oil wash;
6-N
(6) the preferred order in which tanks are to be washed;
(7) the minimum trim during completion of washing and draining tanks; and
d1
(8)
when draining and stripping of tanks is to commence.
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11.1 Introduction
Da
The purpose of washing the cargo tanks is to keep the sludge content low for operational
85
efficiency and, in particular, to avoid build-up of sludge which may considerably reduce
269
the washing effect when the tanks have to be water washed for inspection or maintenance,
or when heavy ballast has to be loaded as discussed in Section 15.
f5
Crude oil washing must be performed in accordance with the instructions given in Sub-
Re
sections 11.2 to 11.8. Any local port or terminal regulations applicable to crude oil washing
must also be followed.
ter
Let
11.2 Scope of Washing
san
Unless a more extensive washing operation is required for commercial or other reasons,
crude oil washing is to be performed as follows before departure from an oil unloading port
or terminal:
Bu
•
For sludge control, at least 25% of the cargo tanks are to be washed on a rotational ba-
BS
sis. However, no tank need be crude oil washed more than once in every four months
period.
eA
•
If the weather conditions anticipated during the approaching ballast voyage should re-
quire a draught deeper than available through use of all segregated ballast tanks, at least
Se
No. 4 Cargo Oil Tank (P&S) should be washed in order to serve as heavy ballast tanks
as permitted in Regulation 18.3 of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78. Note that in such cases,
these tanks may be included among the above-mentioned 25% and that Slop Tank (S)
should be washed to be available for the subsequent processing of the heavy ballast as
discussed in Subsection 16.3.
Page 54
11.3 Washing Sequences
The order in which the different tanks should be washed is governed by the order in which
they are discharged. The unloading should be planned in such a way
•
that the scheduled washing can start as early as possible;
•
that the washing is condensed as much as possible by multi-tank washing;
9
•
that an adequate supply of "dry" crude oil is available throughout the operation;
0
•
that
-20
proper segregation between different grades of cargo is maintained;
•
that a trim of at least 1.8 metres by the stern is maintained during bottom washing and
OV
draining of the cargo oil system; and
•
that hull stresses are kept within permissible limits.
6-N

A typical washing sequence is illustrated in Section 12.
d1

11.4 Multi-tank Washing
te
Da
Multi-tank washing should be utilized whenever possible in order to condense the washing
85
operations. Within the supply capacity of the washing system piping, washing may be done
simultaneously in all cargo oil tanks.
269
If a cargo oil pump is dedicated for supplying the washing system, it is recommended to
f5
operate the washing system at maximum capacity in order to provide suitable working con-
ditions for the pump.
Re
ter
11.5 Discharge of "Wet” Oil (De-bottoming)
Let
Because of the electrostatic hazards, washing oil must only be taken from a tank that has
been de-bottomed (see Section 6). In order to maintain flexibility and safety, all tanks con-
san
taining the parcel to be unloaded should be de-bottomed at the beginning of the unloading
operation. However, under certain unloading conditions, e.g. departure preparedness re-
Bu
quirements imposed by port or terminal regulations, it may be desirable to avoid simultane-
ous slack in all tanks. The de-bottoming of some tanks may then have to be deferred until
BS
the start of unloading those tanks.
eA
The slop tanks should be discharged and washed as early as possible: one of them to be
available for the storage of fresh washing oil and (if not allowed to be discharged directly
Se
ashore) the other for the collection of bottom washings.
A tank that has contained oily water during the preceding ballast voyage and which will be
used for storage of washing oil must first be discharged completely and then refilled as re-
quired with "dry" crude oil from tanks that already have been de-bottomed.
Page 55
11.6 Supply of Washing Oil
The washing must be done with the same grade of oil as the oil in the tanks being washed,
unless otherwise agreed with the cargo receiver. There are two ways of supplying washing
oil to the tank washing system:
•
By supply from the “clean” slop tank that then is to be refilled as necessary (after being
discharged and washed) from an appropriate cargo oil tank via the cargo main line trans-
09
fer header and the slop tank cargo main line.
-20
•
By bleeding from the cargo main line of a cargo oil tank being discharged and transfer-
ring the oil to the tank washing system main line via the cargo main line transfer header
OV
and the slop tank cargo main line.
6-N
The required pressure of the washing oil is discussed in Subsection 3.4.
d1
The washing should normally be done in an open system, i.e. using fresh oil that has not al-
te
ready been used for washing. The reason is the risk for clogging by re-circulating sludge or
sediment as well as the reduced sludge dissolving capability of oil that has already been
Da
weathered by spraying through the nozzles of the washing machines.
85
269
11.7 Washing Programmes and Procedures
General
f5
The washing of an individual tank should be performed in two steps, bulkhead washing and
Re
bottom washing. The end of the bulkhead washing period and start of the bottom washing
period in principle should coincide.
ter
Standard Washing Programmes
Let
The standard bulkhead washing programme is a nozzle single-pass cycle with the noz-
san
zles moving from 180º to 40º elevation angle. This programme takes approximately 30
minutes at a pitch of 3º and with the washing machine main pipe rotating at 1.5 rpm.
Bu
The standard bottom washing programme is a nozzle two-pass cycle with the nozzles
BS
moving from 40º to 0º to 40º elevation angle. This programme takes approximately 35 min-
utes at a pitch of 1.5º and with the washing machine main pipe rotating at 1.5 rpm.
eA
Note! These standard w ashing program m es are typical only. The num ber of nozzle
passes required to achieve a satisfactory result is highly dependent of the chosen
Se
pitch and the properties of the actual cargo oil. For light oils, a single pass using a
higher pitch may suffice, whereas very heavy oils probably will require several
passes using a low pitch.
The washing will normally benefit more from the combination of a few nozzle
passes and a low pitch than from many passes and a higher pitch.
Page 56
Slop Tank Washing Procedure
The slop tanks should always be washed in empty state. The bulkhead washing may be
done in parallel in the two tanks and the washing oil should be allowed to accumulate in the
tanks. This oil must then be discharged before the bottom washing is due. This washing
should be done in one tank at a time. Due to the piping arrangement, the washing oil has to
be accumulated in the tank and then stripped ashore.
0
-20
Cargo Oil Tank Washing Procedure
Bulkhead washing of a cargo oil tank should be carried out whilst the tank is still being
OV
unloaded but as late as possible during the discharge of the tank, i.e. when as large a part of
the bulkheads as possible is exposed for the washing oil jets. The washing should start
6-N
when approximately half an hour of unloading remains. The pump speed should now be
slowed down to reduce the formation of vortices and associated risk for sucking of tank
d1
atmosphere into the pump.
te
Note! If it becomes necessary during any phase of a washing operation to defer a bulk-
Da
head w ashing and carry it out later, w hen the tank is em pty, the w ashing oil
should be allowed to build up in the tank during the washing. This oil should then
85
be discharged before the bottom washing is due. This procedure should normally
be applied when washing the slop tanks.
269
Bottom washing of a cargo oil tank in principle should be carried out when the tank is
f5
empty but may start at an innage of up to half a metre at the aft end of the tank. The small
Re
amount of oil remaining in the tank at this stage will help to carry away the sludge agitated
by the washing oil jets. The bottom must be kept "dry" and free from build-up of washing
oil and sludge during at least the second half of the bottom washing period. This is done by
ter
operating the cargo oil pump in stripping mode (see Section 13).
Let
san
11.8 Discharge of Tank Washings
The tank washings should continuously be mixed with the cargo oil being discharged to the
Bu
maximum extent possible. This is normally obtained automatically during the bulkhead
washing period and the initial part of the bottom washing period. If accepted by the port or
BS
terminal authorities, the rest of the cargo residues and associated washing oil should be
stripped directly ashore. If not accepted, the residues and washing oil are to be stripped to
eA
Slop Tank (S) for discharge ashore at a later stage.
Se
Note! The actual pitch and num ber of nozzle passes for the w ashing m achines w ill
highly influence the storage space requirement for bottom washings. If the stan-
dard bottom washing programme is applied, the capacity of Slop Tank (S) allows
for the storage of the bottom washings from all cargo oil tanks.
Page 57
12. TYPICAL CRUDE OIL WASHING SEQUENCES
This Section contains details of some typical washing programmes under various conditions of
discharge such as single- or multi-port discharge and single- and multi-grade cargoes.
The execution of crude oil washing is affected by operational conditions such as single- or
9
multi-grade cargo and full or part cargo discharge. This Section describes a typical washing
0
sequence when unloading a typical two-grade cargo. The sequence is easily adapted to
-20
other multi-grade alternatives or to homogeneous cargo by adjusting the refilling volumes
and adding on or eliminating the intermediate draining activities. The sequence is applica-
OV
ble to normal cargo discharge cases and is provided for guidance only. The detailed instruc-
6-N
tions in Section 11 and elsewhere in this Manual must always be observed.
The detailed sequence to apply should be carefully reviewed in each individual case, taking
d1
into account trim requirements and hull stress restrictions, the actual cargo, amount of bun-
te
kers and consumables onboard, port or terminal regulations, etc. Cargo discharge and asso-
ciated washing sequences should be reviewed and planned already at the time of loading.
Da
This is particularly important when a multi-grade cargo is to be carried. For analyzing dif-
ferent alternatives, there is a loading computer in the cargo control room.
85
269
Comments on the Sequence
•
The duration of the operations is based on the use of the standard washing programmes
f5
described in Subsection 11.7 and that all manifolds are available and no pumping rate
Re
restrictions are imposed by the port or terminal authorities.
•
The sequence is based on the assumption that the slop tanks are used for the transporta-
ter
tion of cargo oil and all bottom washings may be drained directly ashore.
•
The
Let
sequence indicates all tanks being washed. When this is not required or necessary,
the superfluous washing operations can be left out without significantly affecting the
rest of the sequence. Note, however, the 25% washing requirement discussed in Subsec-
san
tion 11.2!
•
During
Bu
discharge of a multi-grade cargo, the parcel to be discharged first should be the
one that includes the slop tanks.
BS
•
The availability of hydraulic oil power and the supply capacity of the inert gas system
limit the number of cargo oil pumps that can be operated simultaneously.
eA
Note! Slop Tank (S) should always be available for receiving bottom washings through-
Se
out the operation.
Page 58
Cargo Discharge and Crude Oil Washing Sequence
Two-grade cargo: First parcel = COT 1, 3 & 5 + SLP & SLS
Second parcel = COT 2, 4 & 6

GR TK 6 h 12 h 18 h

1
6
- - -
1
- - -
2
7
11
0
- - -
3
1
6
-20

- - -
4
7
11

1
6
- - -
5
OV

- - -
6
7
11
6-N

- - -
SLP
1
2
3
5
6
10
11

- - -
SLS
1
2
4
8
9
12
13
d1

W. OIL FROM
#
#
#
3
3
3
SLP SLP
GROUP/TANK
DRAINING OF
8
12

COW PIPING
te
DRAINING OF

C.O. SYSTEM
8
9
Da 12
13

USE THE LOADING COMPUTER TO ESTABLISH REQUIRED BALLASTING SEQUENCE AND QUANTITIES, AND TO CHECK THAT
DRAUGHT, TRIM, SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING MOMENTS WILL BE KEPT WITHIN PERMISSIBLE LIMITS
85
269
Note Action
1 Start the unloading of all parcel 1 tanks.
f5
2 Bulkhead wash the slop tanks with supply from one of the COT 3 pumps. Follow-up with draining
both tanks and their pumps.
Re
3 Bottom wash SLP with supply from one of the COT 3 pumps. Follow-up with complete discharge and
draining of SLP.
ter
4 Bottom wash SLS with supply from one of the COT 3 pumps. Follow-up with complete discharge and
draining of SLS.
Let
5 .
Refill SLS with at least 100 m
6 Wash COTs 1, 3 and 5. Follow-up with complete discharge and draining of SLP and its pump.
7 Start the unloading of all parcel 2 tanks.
san
8 Drain the washing system piping; the main line into SLS and all parcel 1 washing system branch lines
into the respective tank. Follow-up with draining all parcel 1 tanks into SLS and complete with drain-
Bu
ing associated pumps and lines into SLS.
9 Discharge and drain SLS and its pump.
10 Refill SLS with at least 100 m
BS
11 Wash all parcel 2 tanks. Follow-up with complete discharge and draining of SLP and its pump.
12 Drain the washing system piping; the main line into SLS and all parcel 2 washing system branch lines
eA
into the respective tank. Follow-up with draining all parcel 2 tanks into SLS and complete with drain-
ing associated pumps and lines into SLS.
Se
13 Discharge and drain SLS and its pump.
Page 59
13. THE METHOD OF DRAINING CARGO TANKS
This Section contains a description of the method of draining cargo tanks and should include the
parameters which indicate when the tank is dry and which will be at least all of those required by
paragraph 4.4.8 of the Revised Specifications. The minimum trim conditions must be stated.
9
The draining of a cargo tank that is being crude oil washed should normally be done as a
0
direct continuation of the bottom washing of the tank. For a tank that is not scheduled for
-20
crude oil washing, the draining should be the concluding part of the discharge of the tank.
If accepted by the port or terminal authorities, the drainings should be discharged directly
OV
ashore. If not accepted, they should be directed to Slop Tank (S).
6-N
A trim of minimum 1.8 metres by the stern should be maintained throughout the draining
operations to ensure best possible flow to the pump of the respective tank. A certain list to
d1
port should be considered to ensure best possible flow to the suction well of the respective
tank.
te
Da
Procedure
85
1. When the bottom washing of a tank is completed, switch the pump to stripping mode,
i.e. operate it at reduced speed and with the discharge valve throttled as required to ob-
269
tain stable running. Control the operation by means of the pump speed and the pressure
in the discharge line. Be observant of any sign of cavitation or loss of suction.
f5
2. When there are signs of the pump losing suction, reduce the speed of the pump further
Re
until it acts only as a non-return valve that just ensures that the oil in the pump’s cargo
discharge pipe is not dropping back into the tank.
ter
3. Check the result of the draining operation by means of the level gauging system and by
hand dipping in the aft part of the tank.
Let
4. a) If the tank has been washed, stop the pump temporarily. Then repeat the tank drain-
ing during the draining of lines and pumps as discussed in Section 14.
san
b) If the tank has not been washed, switch to pump draining mode as per Section 14.
Bu
BS
eA
Se
Page 60
14. THE METHOD OF DRAINING LINES AND PUMPS
This Section contains a description of the method and procedures for draining cargo pumps,
cargo lines, crude oil washing lines and stripping lines and includes information on the use of the
small-diameter line.
9
On completion of a cargo discharge and associated draining of the tanks, all cargo oil and
0
washing systems piping and pumps must be drained and the drainings normally be pumped
-20
ashore. If the drainings cannot be received ashore, they must be collected in the slop tanks.
In case of a part discharge, the draining should be done separately for each parcel dis-
OV
charged and associated tanks and piping then be kept isolated from the rest of the cargo oil
system.
6-N
Note! Throughout this draining process, passage for air or inert gas must be considered
d1
in order to break any vacuum in the piping being drained.
Note! A s th e w o rk p ro g resses, each sy stem , lo o p , lin e an d co m p o n en t b ein g d rain ed
te
should be isolated by closing all relevant valves.
Da

Procedure
85
1. C lose all connections betw een the cargo oil and tank w ashing system s and isolate the
269
w ashing system branch lines from the m ain line.
2. D ra in th e w a sh in g sy ste m m a in lin e to S lo p T a n k (S ) a n d th e b ra n c h lin e s fo r u se d
f5
w ashing m achines to the respective tank.
Re
3. D rain all tanks except Slop Tank (S) in the m anner described in Section 13. D ischarge
to Slop T ank (S).
ter
4. D rain all pum ps except the one in Slop Tank (S) using the follow ing procedure (direct
the drainings to Slop T ank (S)):
Let
a) Connect a compressed-air hose to the stripping valve and close the pump’s discharge
valve. Then open the valve in the stripping line and open for supply of com pressed
san
air. The liquid in the pump’s cargo discharge pipe will now be forced down the pipe
and up the stripping line whilst the pump is kept running at slow speed and acting as
Bu
a non-return valve.
b) Purge until air breaks through the im peller. This is indicated by a boom ing noise in
BS
the tank and a significant drop in the hydraulic oil pressure.
eA
c ) C lo s e th e s trip p in g v a lv e , s w itc h o ff th e s u p p ly o f c o m p re s s e d a ir, a n d s to p th e
pum p.
Se
5. Close all manifold valves and drain all cargo oil system main piping as well as all shore
connections except one for the slop tanks to Slop Tank (S). Follow on with purging all
m ain piping and draining the m anifold spill tanks to Slop T ank (S).
6. C onclude w ith draining Slop Tank (S) and its pum p ashore via the selected shore con-
nection. Any drainings that cannot be brought ashore should be allowed to drop back to
Slop Tank (S).
Page 61
15. TYPICAL BALLASTING PROCEDURES AND METHOD FOR PREVENTING
HYDROCARBON EMISSION
This Section contains a description of typical procedures for ballasting and includes:
(1) The procedure for draining and stripping before loading ballast.
(2) The procedures for preventing hydrocarbon emission into the atmosphere.

0 9

-20
The vessel is designed in compliance with the MARPOL 73/78 requirements for segregated
ballast to cover all normal operating conditions, i.e. with all ballast carried in segregated
OV
tanks only. In this way, the risk for emitting hydrocarbon vapours when loading normal de-
parture ballast during cargo discharge is eliminated. However, if severe weather conditions
6-N
are anticipated, water ballast may also be loaded in cargo tanks as discussed in Subsection
11.2.
d1
Note! Such additional ”heavy” ballast may only be carried in cargo tanks that have been
crude oil washed and then properly drained during the latest discharge of cargo
oil.
te
Da

The tanks will be loaded by means of one of the main ballast pumps via the connection to
85
the cargo oil system described in Subsection 3.3. The subsequent discharge of heavy ballast
269
must be done in accordance with the procedure described in Subsection 16.3.
f5
Re
ter
Let
san
Bu
BS
eA
Se
Page 62
16. COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES FOR REGULATIONS 15 AND 34 OF ANNEX I
OF MARPOL 73/78 (PROCEDURES FOR HANDLING OF OILY WATER)
This Section contains information and procedures for water washing tanks and lines, discharge of
departure ballast and the decanting of slops at sea to ensure compliance with Regulations 15 and
34.
0
16.1 Introduction
-20
During normal operations, there is no need to handle water from the cargo tanks. However,
OV
two typical situations will require proper handling of such water:
•
Washing of a tank with water prior to for example dry-docking or when a tank has to be
6-N
made gas-free for man-entry.
•
Discharge of heavy ballast.
d1

te
Discharge into the sea of water from the cargo tanks is only permitted when all the condi-
tions specified in Regulation 34.1 of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78 are satisfied. All such dis-
Da
charges must be monitored by the ODME. Prior to any overboard discharge, it should be
ascertained that the discharge sampling probe and flow metering fittings of this system are
85
not clogged by oil sludge.
269
Note! The print-out from the ODME should be observed throughout the discharge op-
eration and the records be kept onboard, properly identified.
f5
Re
16.2 Water Washing of Cargo Tanks
ter
Washing of the cargo tanks with water should normally be done in a closed system, i.e.
Let
with re-circulating washing water. The operation normally requires that both slop tanks are
washed, empty and available.
san
Note! Prior to any washing with water, it must be verified that the tanks to be washed
are free from flammable gases. If such gases are suspected or determined present,
Bu
the tank atmosphere must be made inert and the pressure maintained above at-
mospheric pressure throughout the washing.
BS
The standard water washing programme is a nozzle two-pass cycle with the nozzle
eA
moving from 0º to 180º to 0º elevation angle. This programme takes approximately 80 min-
utes at a pitch of 3º and the washing machine main pipe rotating at 1.5 rpm. If a heavier
Se
cargo has been carried, it is recommended to switch to a pitch of 1.5º for the downward
stroke. This would result in a washing time of approximately 120 minutes.
Note! This standard washing programme is typical only. The number of nozzle passes
that are required to achieve a satisfactory result is highly dependent of the chosen
pitch and the degree of fouling. The washing will normally benefit more from the
combination of a few nozzle passes and a low pitch than from many passes and a
higher pitch.
Page 63
Procedure
1. Verify that both slop tanks are washed, empty and available.
2. Line up the tank washing pump for supply of the appropriate type of water.
3. Wash the tank(s) during continuous draining to one of the slop tanks. To avoid cavita-
tion, adjust the discharge capacity of the cargo pump(s) such that it equals the supply
from the washing machine(s). Continue until the tank(s) are cleaned as required. Then
09
stop all the pumps.
-20
4. Drain the tank(s) as well as all piping and pumps used. Use the procedures outlined in
Sections 13 and 14 but direct all strippings to the selected slop tank.
OV
5. Allow ample time for the oil and water in the slop tank to separate. Then take an oil/-
water interface reading in each slop tank and discharge them, one at a time, until a wa-
6-N
ter bottom of one metre is calculated to remain.
6. W hen applicable, transfer the oily water remaining in the selected slop tank to the
d1
other slop tank.
te
7. Allow sufficient time for further separation of the oil and. Then take a new oil/water
interface reading.
Da
8. Discharge the slop tank under close observation of the oil content meter of the ODME
85
and visual observation of the effluent. The discharge may continue until a water bot-
tom of half a metre is calculated to remain. Further discharge may be done only under
269
extreme caution and at minimum pump speed until the trend of the oil content meter
shows that the oil/water interface is approaching the pump inlet. The discharge will
f5
stop automatically when the permissible oil limit is reached but should immediately be
Re
stopped manually at any visual trace of oil in the effluent.
9. If the vessel is scheduled for another cargo of crude oil, the remaining small quantity
ter
of oily water may be retained onboard and treated in accordance with the Load-On-
Top procedures during the next voyage. Otherwise, wash and drain the slop tank and
Let
all relevant piping.

san
Bu
BS
eA
Se
Page 64
16.3 Discharge of Heavy Ballast
Procedure
1. Allow ample time for any oil in the heavy ballast to separate from the water.
2. Take an oil/water interface reading in each heavy ballast tank to establish the level to
which the discharge may be brought without any risk for discharging oil.
9
3. Verify that the slop tanks have adequate space available for receiving the last part of the
0
heavy ballast (see below). The tanks may first have to be discharged as per the proce-
-20
dure outlined in Subsection 16.2.
OV
4. Discharge the heavy ballast tanks directly into the sea using the cargo oil system transfer
header, the slop tank cargo main line and the upper overboard outlet. Continue until a
6-N
water bottom of approximately one metre is reached in the heavy ballast tanks or as long
as permitted by the ODME. The pump speed should be reduced towards the end of the
discharge of the respective tank to avoid the oil layer from being drawn into the pump
d1
by vortex effect.
te
5. Direct the rest of the heavy ballast to the slop tanks. Then strip the heavy ballast tanks
and used lines "dry".
Da
6. Conclude with discharging the slop tanks in accordance with the procedure outlined in
85
Subsection 16.2.
f5 269
Re
ter
Let
san
Bu
BS
eA
Se
Page 65
17. INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENT
This Section contains information on procedures to be followed at recommended intervals for on-
board inspections and maintenance of crude oil washing equipment.
Detailed maintenance instructions for the washing machines are contained in the manufac-
9
turer’s manuals. Listed below are the general servicing and inspection efforts that should be
0
observed at the indicated intervals.
-20
•
Before every cargo discharge, check the driving units of the washing machines for any
OV
signs of damage. Consult the manuals for any maintenance required.
•
During every cargo discharge, check the proper functioning of the driving units in op-
6-N
eration and check the above-deck part of the machines and their stop valves for any
leakage.
d1
•
Each time a cargo tank is gas free, operate its washing machine(s) with water and ob-
te
serve the jet(s) for any indication of clogged or damaged nozzle(s).
•
In case of
Da
suspected malfunction in the lower part of a washing machine, lift it out of the
tank and inspect it in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Install blanks
85
whilst the machine is removed. If the machine is used as anchoring point for the wash-
ing system piping, arrange temporary anchoring for the free piping end.
f5 269
Re
ter
Let
san
Bu
BS
eA
Se
Se
e AB
SB
usa
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ette
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ef 5
269
85
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usa
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0 9

Mm-10 Tank Cleaning Machine

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Comments on Pages: 1 & 40 of COW Manual

- Instruction Manual SC30TL

- instruction Manual SC15TW

- ABS type approval certificate

Tel: + 46 31 338 7530

W eb: www.scanjet.se Scanjet Project no. 81248

Instruction manual SC30TL

Instruction manual SC15TW

ABS Type Approval Certificate

SCANJET MARINE AB, P.O. Box 2, S-275 21 SJÖBO, Sweden

This manual apply for the following products:

SCANJET MARINE AB, P.O. Box 2, S-275 21 SJÖBO, Sweden

TECHNICAL DATA 6-8

- Cleaning procedure, solidifying cargo 12

- Closing down 19-20

REMOVAL OF DRIVING UNIT 26

REMOVAL OF INLET HOUSE 27

SPARE PART KIT /VESSEL 30

HOW TO ORDER SPARE PARTS 31

SPARE PART LIST 32-37

Cleaning System. Continuous product improvement is the policy of Scanjet Marine AB

SCANJET MARINE AB, P.O. Box 2, S-275 21 SJÖBO, Sweden

SCANJET model 30TL is a tank-cleaning machine

and cleaning requirements of these tanks are design

main parts. One washing unit that is fixed installed in deck

respect size of nozzle.

and turn the main pipe creating a horizontal spiral-

cleaning pattern. When the cleaning procedure is finalised

the valve is to be closed.

Note: When Pos. xx is mentioned in the manual it is

referring to a part in the sparepart brakedown list.

SCANJET MARINE AB, P.O. Box 2, S-275 21 SJÖBO, Sweden

The cleaning media comes from the supply line

passes the vertical turbine, which drives the driving

pattern. The rotation speed is controlled by the rotation

nozzle are indicated on the scale on the lifting rod.

be set to different pre-programmed values by means of

push or pull the program knob. (See below).

SCANJET MARINE AB, P.O. Box 2, S-275 21 SJÖBO, Sweden

5-65 m³/h and at an inlet pressure of 0.6-1.2 MPa.

combination of inlet pressure and nozzle diameter.

0,6 7 12 m 9,5 14 m 12,5 15 m 17 17 m 19 17 m

1,2 9,7 15 m 13 18 m 17,5 20 m 23 21 m 27 23 m

Effective Jet length (Radius)

Other nozzles and maximum Jet Length available upon request.

SCANJET MARINE AB, P.O. Box 2, S-275 21 SJÖBO, Sweden

GENERAL INSTALLATION DATA

SCANJET MARINE AB, P.O. Box 2, S-275 21 SJÖBO, Sweden

Deck flange No.

JIS 5K 200A 30379-13 Ø320 Ø280 Ø23x8 156

JIS 10K 200A 30379-30 Ø330 Ø290 Ø23x12 156

Inlet house No. A2 B2 C2

2” Valve flange 30111-00

PN16 DN40 30111-01 Ø150 Ø110 Ø18x4

PN16 DN50 30111-02 Ø165 Ø125 Ø18x4

JIS 10/16K 40A 30111-05 Ø140 Ø105 Ø19x4

JIS 10K 50A 30111-06 Ø155 Ø120 Ø19x4

JIS 16K 50A 30111-07 Ø155 Ø120 Ø19x8

JIS 10K 65A 30111-08 Ø175 Ø140 Ø19x4

JIS 16K 65A 30111-09 Ø175 Ø140 Ø19x8

ANSI 2” 150lb 30111-21 Ø152.4 Ø120.6 Ø19x4

SCANJET MARINE AB, P.O. Box 2, S-275 21 SJÖBO, Sweden

and drain it.