New Socio Economic Classification 2011 MRSI

MUMBAI.
MAY 3, 2011
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION-2011
The New SEC system
THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

What is the
new SEC system? 01
How do we classify
a household
in the new SEC system? 02
What are the

advantages/ drawbacks
of the new SEC system? 03
How was the new SEC system

created? 04
What are the

other systems
that we considered? 05
What is
the performance
of the new SEC system? 06
Conclusion 07
THE NEW SEC SYSTEM
01
What is the new

SEC system?
3 THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

THE NEW SEC SYSTEM
The new SEC system is used to classify households in India.

It’s based on two variables:
• Education of chief earner
• Number of “consumer durables” ( from a predefined
list)- owned by the family. The list has 11 items,
ranging from ‘electricity connection’ and ‘agricultural
land’- to cars and air conditioners
We have 12 grades in the new SEC system, ranging from A1

to E3

DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS
India ( urban + rural )
New SEC System
18.4
14.7 15.4
11.4
9.7
7.5 7.9
5.3
4.3
3.2
1.8
0.4
A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3
*Figures in percentage
This round of analysis has been conducted using data from IRS 2008 (round 20)*.
We have drawn a sub-sample of 39,441

Urban
New SEC System
12.9 13.2
12.6
11.6
10.2 9.8
8.6
7.6
5.1 4.7
2.6
1.1
A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3
Current Urban SEC system
The current urban SEC system has 8 grades, 24

and is based on occupation and education of
20.5
chief earner 18.2
11.9
7.9 8
6.6
2.8
A1 A2 B1 B2 C D E1 E2
Rural
New SEC System
22.2
20.1
15.6
12.8
10.7
6.2
5.1
2.3 3.2
0.4 1.3
0.04
A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3
Current Rural SEC system

43
The current rural SEC system has 4 grades, 40.3
and is based on education of chief earner and
material used in construction of dwelling
12.3
4.3
R1 R2 R3 R4
THE NEW SEC SYSTEM 7
02
How do we classify
a household
in the new SEC system?

Just two questions
THAT NEED TO BE ASKED
SHOW CARD/READ OUT

Q1a Please take a look at this list and tell me which of these items do you have at
home? (It could be owned by you, your family, or provided by the employer or it
could be available in the house you live in; but it should be for the use of just you or
your family)
EXPLAIN, IF NECESSARY:
We have a standard list of items that we use in all kinds of cities and villages. So don’t worry if an item appears
irrelevant for you, or too ordinary- just go ahead and tell me which items you do have. We need this information just
for survey purpose only.
Do you have a…(ITEM) in your home (which is in working condition)?

CIRCLE ITEMS OWNED/HAVE AT HOME. TICK THE ITEM IF OWNED. ADD THE NO. OF TICKS IN THE BOX.
Q1b Does your family own any agricultural land, by agricultural land I mean
land that is currently under cultivation or plantation?
SHOW CARD/READ OUT
Q2 Could you tell me something about the person who makes the biggest
contribution to the running of the household. To what level has he
studied?
RECORD IN GRID. USE GRID TO DETERMINE NEW SEC.

RECORDING
The grid
01
Items owned / have access at home Circle Tick
Electricity Connection 01 √
Ceiling Fan 02 √
LPG Stove 03 √
Two Wheeler 04
√
Colour TV 05
√
1a Refrigerator 06
√
Washing Machine 07
Personal Computer/ Laptop 08
Car/Jeep/Van 09 √
Air Conditioner 10
1b Agricultural Land 11 √
NUMBER OF STANDARD 11 OWNED 8

RECORDING
The grid
Chief Earner: Education (Q2)
02
Literate
Some
but no Graduate/
College Graduate/
No. of formal Post
School- 5 (incl a Post
Illiterate schooling/ SSC/ HSC Graduate:
Durables to 9 years Diploma) Graduate:
School- Profession
(TRANSFER but not General
Upto 4 al
FROM Q1) Grad
years
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
None E3 E2 E2 E2 E2 E1 D2
1 E2 E1 E1 E1 D2 D2 D2
2 E1 E1 D2 D2 D1 D1 D1
3 D2 D2 D1 D1 C2 C2 C2
4 D1 C2 C2 C1 C1 B2 B2
5 C2 C1 C1 B2 B1 B1 B1
6 C1 B2 B2 B1 A3 A3 A3
7 C1 B1 B1 A3 A3 A2 A2
8 B1 A3 A3 A3 A2 A2 A2
9+ B1 A3 A3 A2 A2 A1 A1
What sort of people are these?
New
SEC
System Have Have Owns Owns Colour Use Utensil Have Two Have Have Have Have
Electricity Fan Pressure Cooker TV Cleaner Wheeler Refrigerator Kitchen Sink Dining Table AC
A1
A2
A3
B1
B2
C1
C2
D1
D2
E1
E2
E3
THE NEW SEC SYSTEM
03
What are
the advantages
of the new SEC system?
THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

Advantages
OF THE NEW SEC SYSTEM
More discrimination as compared with current systems
A single system for urban and and rural India
Less subjectivity- as we no longer use occupation
It’s simple - easy to answer, not very time consuming, easy

to classify

03
Are there any

drawbacks
to the new SEC system?
THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

There are no serious problems. But…
We need to be better prepared to handle minor changes

to the system, because “consumer durables” penetration
will change faster than education or occupation
The questioning can appear intrusive to people who are

unaccustomed to market research. It’s not a problem
elsewhere

04
How did we go about

creating the new system?
THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

How we created the new system
Extensive analysis based on data drawn from the IRS,

made available by the MRUC- various rounds, from 2005
to 2008
Have also drawn on data from MarketPulse, IMRB’s

Household panel, supplemented by a special survey

The building blocks that were available to us
‘Demographic’ variables: e.g. occupation of chief earner,

education of chief earner, education of housewife, claimed
monthly household income
Dwelling type and amenities: e.g. construction material, tap,

bathroom, number of rooms
Ownership of consumer durables

How we arrange the blocks
‘A scoring system called LIFE; which takes

into account whether a household owns or
uses a wide-ranging products ranging
from material of wall, roof, mode of
transportation, use of toilet soap, use of
ghee, biscuits, etc.
The LIFE score is used to
decide the order of groups
defined by two or more In all we used 34 items: giving weights in
variables
inverse proportion to usage/ownership

How the LIFE scores are used – an example
Chief Earner: Education
Literate but
Some College Graduate/ Graduate/
We compute the average no formal
School- 5 to 9 (incl a Post Post
No. of Illiterate schooling/
LIFE* score for each cellSchool- Upto years SSC/ HSC
Diploma) but Graduate: Graduate:
Durablesby number of 4 years
defined not Grad General Professional
durables x education
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
None 81 98 111 125 130 134 217
1 120 133 145 160 165 178 115
2 157 166 185 199 222 215 263
3 193 211 225 247 265 278 268
4 232 250 271 298 319 343 338
5 260 286 313 341 370 391 394
6 294 338 344 377 438 425 447
7 307 384 373 415 456 470 483
8 366 429 411 455 497 500 510
9+ 592 487 495 558 575
* Excluding durables
How the LIFE scores are used – an example
Chief Earner: Education
Literate but
Some College Graduate/ Graduate/
no formal
And then group the cells School- 5 to 9 (incl a Post Post
No. of Illiterate schooling/
years
SSC/ HSC
Diploma) but Graduate: Graduate:
with a similar score
Durables School- Upto
not Grad General Professional
4 years
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
None 81 98 111 125 130 134 217
1 120 133 145 160 165 178 115
2 157 166 185 199 222 215 263
3 193 211 225 247 265 278 268
4 232 250 271 298 319 343 338
5 260 286 313 341 370 391 394
6 294 338 344 377 438 425 447
7 307 384 373 415 456 470 483
8 366 429 411 455 497 500 510
9+ 592 487 495 558 575
Each group is * Excluding durables
assigned a grade
SEC Grades A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3
The basis of measuring the discrimination
We used the Lorenz curve, and the associated Gini coefficient,

as a basis for measuring discrimination or inequality
We assume that the system that throws up more inequality is more

discriminating.
In other words, the system that shows a bigger difference in

ownership/consumption between the top half and the bottom half is the
better one

05
What were the

other systems
that we considered?
THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

We’ve evaluated many options
Point based system using

education of highest educated
individual, press exposure of A system based on
housewife, and ownership of occupation and education of
durables plus other aspects chief earner and the number
of consumer durables
owned
A system based on and

education of chief earner
and the “best type” of
consumer durables owned

What we learnt from analysis and fieldwork
Two kinds of variables are better than one. But the gains
from using three sets of variables is small
Systems that call for multiple grids or adding up points
are time consuming; errors in classifying can occur
A system that requires cards to be shown is not a good
idea- it’s hard to manage this at the ‘doorstep’
Occupation is a weak discriminator
Systems based on consumer durables offer good
discrimination

Our conclusions at the end of earlier rounds
Consumer durables (number owned) combined with education

of chief earner is a satisfactory system
Easy to administer- takes only about 20 seconds more than the current
urban system
Discrimination as good or better than urban SEC
Discrimination much better than rural SEC
The focus then was to optimize this system- adding or dropping
consumer durables, if needed
Many versions of this system have been explored before arriving at the
current system

06
Performance
of the new SEC system?
THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

Penetration of Selected items
BY THE NEW SEC SYSTEM (U+R)
Color TV Automobile (car /van/ jeep)

100 99 99
100 96
91 100 93
87
90 90
77
80 80
70 70
60 60
50 43 50
40 40 33
30 30
20
20 20 11
10 4 10 4
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0
A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3 A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3
Purchased in Past 6 Months - Jam Purchased in Past 6 Months - Toilet Cleaners

100 100 91
90 90
79
80 80
70 70 65
60 60
50
50 42 50
38
40 32 40
30 30 26
21 19
20 11 20 12
7 6 5
10 3 2 1 0 0 0 10 2 1 0
0 0
A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3 A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3
MRUC/Hansa Research –IRS 2008 (round 20)

PENETRATION
New vs Current system (urban)
Have internet access at home Have internet access at home
60 54 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
19
20 20
13
9
10 5 10 4
2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0
0 0
A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3 A1 A2 B1 B2 C D E1 E2
Household subscribe any Newspaper Household subscribe any Newspaper

100 96 100
90 82 90 84
80 80 71
68
70 70
60 54 60 56
50 50 43
38
40 40
30
30 23 30
20 15 12 20 13 10
10 5 2 3 10 3
1
0 0

PENETRATION
New vs Current system (urban) (CONTD.)
Receive Cable & Satellite Receive Cable & Satellite
98
100 92 90 100
90 85 83 90 86 84
80 80
80 74 80 76
69
70 70
58
60 49 60 49
50 50
40 35 40 33
30 30
16
20 20
10 5 10
1
0 0
Purchased in Past 6 Months - Ketchup / Sauces Purchased in Past 6 Months - Ketchup / Sauces
80 72 80
70 70
60 53 60 55
50 50
37 40
40 40
28
30 23 30
19 19 16
20 13 20
9 7 9 7
10 5 5 3 10 5
2
0 0

PENETRATION
New vs Current system ( urban ) (CONTD.)
Purchased in Past 6 Months - Instant Noodles Purchased in Past 6 Months - Instant Noodles
59 60
60
50 48
50 47
40 38
40 40 33
28 30 26
30
22 18
20 18 20
14 13
10 9
10 7 10
5 2 4
2
0 0
Purchased in Past 6 Months - Toilet Cleaners Purchased in Past 6 Months - Toilet Cleaners
100 92 100
90 82 90 81
80 80
69 69
70 70
58 60
60 60
50 46 47
50
40 33 37
40
27
30 30 22
19 18
20 10 20
9
10 5 2 10
1
0 0

PERFORMANCE ON DISCRIMINATION
India ( u + r )
Gini coefficients for New SEC system compared with benchmark
Penetration
Own Microwave oven 0.4
Own Internet access at home - Through PC / TV 0.7
Own PC at home 1.6
Own Camera (still/ digital) 3.5
Housewife have read a magazine in the last 7 5.8

days
Own DVD player 6.8
Own Kitchen Sink 8.2
Own - Mobile / Cellular Phone 12.4
Own Telephone 12.6
Receive Cable & Satellite 31.2
Own Pressure cooker 37.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

New System Gini Values
Benchmark System (MHI)
Data Source: MRUC/ Hansa Research - IRS 2008 (Round 20)
India ( u + r ) (CONTD.)
Penetration
Jam 3.3
Ketchup / Sauces 5.3
Chocolates 6.6
Instant Noodles 6.7
Floor Cleaners 11.6
Toilet Cleaners 14.1
Soft drinks/Fruit Juices 15.8
Skin Creams/Lotions 21.4
Utensil cleaners 29.7
Fabric whiteners / blues 49.8
Toothpaste 57.7
Shampoo 75.1
Bathing Soaps / Liquid Soaps 95.8
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Benchmark System (MHI) *Purchased in the last 6 months except soft drinks, skin creams and chocolates
Data Source: MRUC/ Hansa Research - IRS 2008 (Round 20)
34 THE NEW SEC SYSTEM 34
GINI CO-EFFICIENTS
Urban
Penetration
Own PC at home 4.5
Housewife have read a magazine in the last 7 days 12.7
Own DVD player 15.7

Own Telephone 23.8
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Gini Values
New System
Current System Data Source: MRUC/ Hansa Research - IRS 2008 (Round 20)
GINI CO-EFFICIENTS
Urban (CONTD.)
Penetration
Processed Cheese/Cheese Products

4.1
Jam
8.9
Ketchup / Sauces
15.2
Chocolates
15.4
Instant Noodles
17.4
Soft drinks/Fruit Juices
28.3
Floor Cleaners
30.2
Skin Creams/Lotions
30.6
Toilet Cleaners
32.0
Utensil cleaners
59.9
Fabric whiteners / blues
60.1
Toothpaste
80.8
Shampoo
84.9
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

*Purchased in the last 6 months except soft drinks, skin creams and chocolates
GINI CO-EFFICIENTS
Rural
Penetration
Own PC at home 0.3

Housewife have read a magazine in the last 7 days 2.8
Own DVD player 2.8
Own Telephone 7.6
Rural Assets - Table Fan 13.4
Rural Assets - In-house toilet 30.9
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

GINI CO-EFFICIENTS
Rural (CONTD.)
Penetration
Instant Noodles 2.1
Chocolates 2.8
Floor Cleaners 3.5
Toilet Cleaners 6.2
Soft drinks/Fruit Juices 10.4

Utensil cleaners 16.5
Skin Creams/Lotions 17.4
Fabric whiteners / blues 45.3
Toothpaste 47.6
Shampoo 70.8
Biscuits 73.2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Gini Values
New System
*Purchased in the last 6 months except soft drinks, skin creams and chocolates
Conclusion
The new SEC system is better than the current

urban system , and much better than the current
rural system

PERFORMANCE OF THE SYSTEM
Homogeneity within the grade : India (u + r)
MHI System New SEC System
Inter Inter
Distribution of Median Distribution of Median
Level Quartile Level Quartile
Households % LIFE Households % LIFE
Range (IQR) Range (IQR)
1 0.5 702 186 A1 0.4 804 116

2 1.5 618 236 A2 1.8 687 150
3 4.2 514 243 A3 3.2 590 173
4 3.5 455 236 B1 4.3 494 172
5 4.7 391 227 B2 5.3 430 164
6 7.1 347 207 C1 7.5 369 142
7 11.7 289 178 C2 7.9 319 124
8 19.3 232 155 D1 11.4 270 117
9 19.2 181 139 D2 14.7 222 106
10 13.5 136 110 E1 18.4 164 90
11 12.9 125 111 E2 15.4 117 75
12 2.1 95 101 E3 9.7 80 65
THE NEW SEC SYSTEM Median LIFE (Urban + Rural): 220
Homogeneity within the grade : India (u + r)
MHI System New SEC System
Distribution of Inter Quartile Distribution of Inter Quartile
Level Median LIFE Level Median LIFE
Households % Range (IQR) Households % Range (IQR)
1 0.5 702 186 A1 0.4 804 116
2 1.5 618 236 A2 1.8 687 150
3 4.2 514 243 A3 3.2 590 173
4 3.5 455 236 B1 4.3 494 172
5 4.7 391 227 B2 5.3 430 164
6 7.1 347 207 C1 7.5 369 142
7 11.7 289 178 C2 7.9 319 124
8 19.3 232 155 D1 11.4 270 117
9 19.2 181 139 D2 14.7 222 106
10 13.5 136 110 E1 18.4 164 90
11 12.9 125 111 E2 15.4 117 75
12 2.1 95 101 E3 9.7 80 65

THE NEW SEC SYSTEM Median LIFE (Urban + Rural): 220
Homogeneity within the grade : Urban India
Current SEC System New SEC System
Distribution of Inter Quartile Distribution of Inter Quartile
Level Median LIFE Level Median LIFE
Households % Range (IQR) Households % Range (IQR)
SEC A1 2.8 702 189 A1 1.1 807 106
SEC A2 6.6 616 225 A2 5.1 704 132
SEC B1 A3 7.6 610 147

7.9 539 215
B1 8.6 532 158
SEC B2 8.0 467 221
B2 10.2 463 158
SEC C 20.5 408 210
C1 12.9 399 136
SEC D 24.0 320 167
C2 11.6 347 118
SEC E1 11.9 280 155
D1 13.2 300 113
SEC E2 18.2 212 137
D2 12.6 251 100
E1 9.8 194 92
E2 4.7 148 93
E3 2.6 112 80
42 THE NEW SEC SYSTEM Median LIFE (Urban India): 354

PERFORMANCE ON HOMOGENEITY
Conclusion
The new SEC system is able to reduce

heterogeneity within social grade- and stretch
the differences by grade

07
Conclusion
THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

In Conclusion
We have a system that is simple, easy to administer. It

gives us good discrimination; the social grades created
are more homogenous
But we do need to revisit the system at least once every two

years; and make sure that when a change is needed, this is
a smooth process
It’s easy to begin using the new system. For those who
need to keep track of the old SEC for reasons of
comparability, the new system means just one more
question- which can be tagged on right at the end.

Thank You

08
Appendices
THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

01.Variables in the LIFE scoring system
HOUSEHOLD DURABLES FMCG
Electricity Air Conditioner Tea/ Coffee Biscuits #
LPG Stove Personal Computer/ Laptop Skin Creams/Lotions Toothpaste/ toothpowder #

Urban
oriented Type of accommodation # Mode of Transportation # Soft drinks/Fruit Juices Washing cakes / bars #
items
Material on roof # Refrigerator Fabric whiteners / blues Washing powders / liquids #
Material on wall # Washing Machine Cooking oil: vanaspati/ edible Toilet Cleaners
Rural #
oriented
items Kitchen sink Ceiling Fan Ghee / Desi Ghee Talcum Powder
Subscribe newspaper TV/ Cable & satellite # Toilet Soaps/bathing

soaps/Liquid Soaps #
Affluence Travel abroad * Camera #
oriented
items Land ownership * Music/entertainmentl #
Telephone
Tractor/ Power tiller
POINTS 250 300 450
48 THE NEW SEC SYSTEM # contains sub-levels ; (*): Travel abroad- Urban only / Land ownership: Rural only
02.The master set of consumer durables
No.
S.
Item All India Urban Rural

1 0.5 1.6 0.1
Air conditioner
2 1.6 3.9 0.5
Automobile
3 4.0 11.5 0.7
Washing machine
4 13.1 30.6 5.5
Refrigerator
5 35.5 64.2 22.9
Color TV
6 15.1 27.4 9.7
Two wheeler
7 37.0 69.6 22.8
Pressure cooker
8 33.6 68.2 18.4
LPG stove
9 55.4 83.6 43.0
Ceiling fan
10 73.4 94.7 64.1
Electricity connection
11 - 0.1 n/a
More than one car (Urban specific)
12 1.8 5.2 0.3
Personal Computer/ laptop
13 - n/a 35.1
Agricultural Land (Rural specific)
14 - n/a 1.8
Tractor (Rural specific)
* Source : MRUC/Hansa Research a sample of 39441 from IRS 2008 (Round 20)
THE NEW SEC SYSTEM
03.All India benchmark: MHI groups used
MHI
MHI Groups
Grades
1 Rs.20001 +
2 Rs.12001 to Rs.20000
3 Rs.8001 to Rs.12000
4 Rs.6001 to Rs.8000
5 Rs.5001 to Rs.6000
6 Rs.4001 to Rs.5000
7 Rs.3001 to Rs.4000
8 Rs.2001 to Rs.3000
9 Rs.1501 to Rs.2000
10 Rs.1001 to Rs.1500
11 Rs.501 to Rs.1000
12 Up to Rs.500

New Socio Economic Classification 2011 MRSI

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MUMBAI.

The New SEC system

THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

What are the

How was the new SEC system

What are the

What is the new

3 THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

The new SEC system is used to classify households in India.

We have 12 grades in the new SEC system, ranging from A1

4 THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

New SEC System

5 THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

Current Urban SEC system

The current urban SEC system has 8 grades, 24

Current Rural SEC system

8 THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

SHOW CARD/READ OUT

Do you have a…(ITEM) in your home (which is in working condition)?

SHOW CARD/READ OUT

9 THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

Personal Computer/ Laptop 08

NUMBER OF STANDARD 11 OWNED 8

10 THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

More discrimination as compared with current systems

A single system for urban and and rural India

Less subjectivity- as we no longer use occupation

It’s simple - easy to answer, not very time consuming, easy

14 THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

Are there any

THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

We need to be better prepared to handle minor changes

The questioning can appear intrusive to people who are

16 THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

How did we go about

THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

Extensive analysis based on data drawn from the IRS,

Have also drawn on data from MarketPulse, IMRB’s

18 THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

‘Demographic’ variables: e.g. occupation of chief earner,

Dwelling type and amenities: e.g. construction material, tap,

Ownership of consumer durables

19 THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

‘A scoring system called LIFE; which takes

20 THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

We used the Lorenz curve, and the associated Gini coefficient,

We assume that the system that throws up more inequality is more

In other words, the system that shows a bigger difference in

23 THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

What were the

THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

Point based system using

A system based on and

25 THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

26 THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

Consumer durables (number owned) combined with education

27 THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

Color TV Automobile (car /van/ jeep)

Purchased in Past 6 Months - Jam Purchased in Past 6 Months - Toilet Cleaners

MRUC/Hansa Research –IRS 2008 (round 20)

29 THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

Household subscribe any Newspaper Household subscribe any Newspaper