cherubism chrmosome 4, marfan sxndrme chromosome 15 and osteogenesis imperfecta c

hromosome 19 ,
peutz jegher syndrome mutation of stk11 gene location on 19, van de woude syndr
ome 1
dentigenesis imperfecta gene map to chromosome 4 dat encode protein dentin sialo
phosphoprotein
amelogenesis imperfecta due to defective gene amelogenin closely linked to locus
DxS85 at Xp 22

The antibody formed in primary response is predominately igM and in secondary re

sponse is igG,
serum sickness differ from other type of hypersensitivity reaction single inject
ion can serve both sensiting dose and shocking dose
igM has pentameric structure
immunoglobulin smaller L chain has molecular weight of 25000 and heavy H chain o
f 50,000. L chain attached to H chain by disulphide bond. The two H chain joined
by 1-5 S-S bond.

The function of IgD is antigen recognization by B cell

the reaginic antibody is IgE , it doesnt fix any complement.
CD 3 expressed by T cells, CD 19 by B cells CD 64 expressed by granulocyte CD 68
by macrophage
interleukin 8 neutrophil chemotactic factor
interleukin 5 proliferation of eosinophil, stimulate igA and igM production
catalase test distinguish streptococi frm staphylococi
gp A streptococi frm other B streptococi BACITRACIN TEST
Pneumococi frm other alpha hemolytic streptococi optochin test
staphylococus aurens 4m other staph coagulase test
lipopolysacharide region 1 polysacharide portion determining o antigen specifici
ty and region 2 is core polysacharide, region 3 is glycolipid portion LIPID A an
d responsible for endotoxic activities
cidex for sterlization cytoscope endoscope bronchoscope
polychrome methylene blue strain Mc fadeyan rxn dat is chracterstic of anthrax
and papule evolve in painles vesicle
dettol 4.8 percent solution and cetrimide with faint fishy odour
in pancreatitis lipase more elevated dan amylase
neiman pick disease sphingomyelinase
jewish
fabry disease alpha galactosidase
nephrogenic inspidus defect of kidney tubule the portion of kidney dat cause wat
er to be excretf or reabsorbf
nitrous oxide is safe to administer to people with asthma

autolysis cell death outside body and liquefactiön in brain or spinal cord
spirochaete, suture or talc causes granulomatous inflamation
clear straw color liquid produce by body in response to tissue damage exudate no
t plasma
nephritic syndrme RBC and cast in urine
Aml most malignant and CLL least malignant type acute leukemia have rapid onset
and progression
.
Silicosis or stöne mason's disease most common and most serious with increase susp
ectibility to tb
anthracosis black lung disease or coal worker pneumoconiosis
lung abscess alcoholism single most common condition cough and fever foul smelli
ng sputum
barrett esophagus columnar metaplasia of esophageal epithelium with chronic refl
ex
chronic bronchitis hypeslasia of bröchial submucosal gland and bronchial smøöth muscle
hypertrophy quantified by REID INDEX ratio of glandular layer thcknes to bronch
ial wall thickness
patient with chrönic bronchitis predispose to bronchogenic carcinoma
high level of bilirubin in blød stream kernicterus athetoid cerebral palsy
myelofibrosis masive splenomegaly, polycythemia vera exces RBC, OPPOSITE OF ANEM
IA, decrease Erythropoetin conc
bacteria no intron exon present no histone
nose staph aurens
outer ear stap epidermidis
vagina lactobcilus
pilli in gram negative 6stly
lipopolysacharide heat stable so cant be cönverted to toxoid
Lps activate macrophage release of Tnf alpha, il1 and il6
bacilus anthracis 3 protein make 2 toxin,
all cocci are gram positive except neiseria and moraxiela
all spore former gram positive
background in stain modifif for tisue pale red gram stain
gram stain crystal violet gram iodine acetone safranin purple blue
legionela charcoat extract agar
thayer martin media is chocholate agar suplementd with vancomycin nystatin and c
olistin to inhibit normal flora
cholestrol purine pyridimine mycoplasma,
cysteine francisela brucela legiönela pasteurela
neiseria vacine 50percent serotype B four capsular polysacharide y w135, c , a a
nd s pneumonia 23 capsular polysacharide
microaerophlic helicobacter camphylobacter
group b streptococi hydrolyse hipurate CAMP POSITIVE, bacitracin resistant,
bacilus anthracic capsule polypeptide
listeria meningitis most cause of meningitis in renal transplant and adult with
cancer
actinomyces gram positive rod anaerobic and nocardia aerobic partial acid fast i
n soil dust sulfonamide
mycobacterium sensitive to uv PRODUCE NIACIN, HEAT SENSITIVE CATALASE
mantaux test greater dan 5 hiv and 15 low risk
m kansai photochromogen and m avium nonchromogen, m scrofulacaeum scotochromogen
s
m lepra cant be culture in vitro,
clostridium gram positive rod anaerobic
clostridium dificale clindamycin cephalosporin amoxy ampicilin
neiseria oxidase test phenylnediamine turn black, diplococi wid flatend side
neiseria gonorhea intracelular gram negative diplococi in PMN maltose nt ferment
ed
lead basophilic stipling of RBC anaemia pain wrist foot drop
carbon tetrachloride hepatocelular damage
bismvh nephro neurotoxicity
factor 8 antihemophlic factor
factor 9 plasma thromboplastin component
hemophilia C rosenthal syndrme factor 11 plasma thromboplastin antecedant
hemophlic prolong PTT and normal Pt
respiratory syncytial viru7
sindbis virus frm wild bird and ross river rodents
right sided congestive heart failure peripheral edema and left sided congestive
heart failure leads to pulmonary edema
pitting edema indicate acute disease process and non pitting chronic
hyperparathyroidism decrease serum phosphorous level
metabolic acidosis seen in progressive stage of shock
hypovolemic shock blood loss
venous thrombi are more uniform red and lines are distinct
thrombus is a solid mass of clotted blood that develop in and attached to blood
vessel
arterial thrombi show alternating red and white laminations line of zahn
agönal thrombus form in heart during process of dying after prolonged heart failur
e
congestion is excessive of blood within blood vessel
cardiac temponade is life threatening slow rapid compression of heart due to pe
ricardial accumulation of fluid pus blood clot or gas sign and symptom include b
eck triad elevatf CVP with neck vein distension muffled heart sound pulsus parad
oxus, cardiac tempöade is serious compli2tiö of pericarditis
constrictive pericarditis post inflamatory thickening and scaring of membrane pr
oducing cönstrictiön of cardiac chamber, heart not increased in size typical complic
ation of Tb
LEUKOCYTOSIS LARGE leukocyte WHITE BLOOD CELL IN BACTERIAL INEECTION, AND LEUKOP
ENIA VIRAL INFECTION
Not all bacterial infectiön show leukocytosis typhoid fever brucelosis
normal range of leukocytes is 5000 to 10,000 per cu mm of blood, in leukemoid rx
n value is 100,000
ludwig angina no fluctuatiö, open mouthed appearance non piting
rabies killed subcutaneous
nocardia leprosy tb acid fast ziehl nelser
c diptheria methylene blue albert and neisser staining
spirochaete can be stained by silver impregnation and fontana staining film and
levaditi method for staining tisue section
diptheria toxin inhibtiö of protein synthesis, enterotoxin of staph loss of fluid
frm smal intestine,
mesophile 37c
dick test for streptococi and schick test for diptheria
actual focal spot 1*3 and effective focal spot 1*1
heat storage capacity for anode of dental diagnostic tube 20 kHN
exposure time and no. Of photon directly related
when x ray beam is directed at patient the tissue absorb 0.9 of x ray photon
ant belly of digastric fosa of mandible and post belly mastoid notch of temporal
bone
tendon transfer with polio paralysis 5 yr of age
commonest site for lymphoma in git stomach
thalasemia agnathia autosomal recesive
toga virus german measle and paramyxo rubeola
fosa of mandible and post belly mastoid notch of temporal bone
tendon transfe