34.2 From Republic to Empire: An Overview 34.

3 Rome’s Conquest of the Italian Peninsula, 509-264 BCE

• Took place over 500 years • First period of expansion
• Four different periods • Many wars during time period
• Rome took over all of the Italian area
The First Period of Expansion • When the Romans kicked their last Etruscan
• Began in 509 B.C.E when Rome became republic king out, they expanded their territory
• Wars began to protect Roman borders to get more land • In 493 B.C.E., the Romans signed a treaty
• Fought for 245 years with Spain that said that there would be
peace between the two countries
• Defeated Italy and the Etruscans
• For about 100 years, Rome fought wars
• The Romans made allies
against the Etruscans and other areas
• In 264 B.C.E., Rome and its allies controlled Italy
• Rome was defeated by the Gauls in 390
B.C.E.
The Second Period of Expansion • The Romans fled to the countryside and the
• The city Carthage was threatened by all of Rome’s power Gauls burned most of the land
• From 264 – 146 B.C.E., Rome fought Carthage in three • The Romans rebuilt their city after they
wars found the place in ruins
• During the wars, Rome defeated North Africa, some of
• They were soon able to fight for land again
Spain, Sicily, Macedonia, and Greece
• In the fourth century B.C.E, the Romans
conquered the Etruscans, Samnites, Greek
The Third Period of Expansion cities, and other neighboring cities
• From 145 – 44 B.C.E. • There had to be more soldiers in Rome
• Rome ruled the entire Mediterranean area because of the larger area to defend and
• Conquered Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt conquer
• Romans called the Mediterranean Sea, “our sea” • Most of the army were plebeians, and that
• Rome was divided by wars effected the fight between the patricians and
• Dictatorship was formed the plebeians
• Julius Caesar was a dictator killed at the age of 44 • Conquered cities were treated as Romans,
• After many more years of war, Caesar’s grandnephew but had many more limits to their lifestyle
stopped the wars that other Romans
• He was called Augustus meaning “honored one”
• By 264 B.C.E., Rome had regained the title
of the most powerful army in the
The Fourth Period of Expansion Mediterranean world
Start of the empire
Augustus (new emperor) made boundaries near rivers as defense
Went from Britain to the Black Sea
34.4 Overseas Expansion During the Punic Wars, 264 –
146 B.C.E
• Second period of expansion
• Fought three wars against Carthage (city in
North Africa) for the Mediterranean area
• Carthage controlled North Africa, most of
Spain, some of Sicily, and trade in the
western Mediterranean
• Rome fought against Carthage over trading
rights
• The wars are called the Punic wars after the
name for the people in Carthage
•