Q: What contrast do you find between the political theories of classical?

Philosophers and that of Machiavelli?

Philosophy is a subject which is unlimited. It’s area is huge and impossible to
establish any theory firmly. Philosophy does not give any solution.
There are a lot of philosopher who gave political theories. We are going to
discuss about the classical philosophers and Machiavelli’s theory.

First let us talk about the two classical philosophers- (1) Plato and (2)
Aristotle
Plato’s theory About Politics:
Plato’s theory is different from other political philosopher. For him there is
not one morality for individuals and another for the sate, which then would
need to pay no attention to the moral rules governing individuals. Like the
tripartite soul every state of whatever type necessarily has three parts which
are its three social classes- (1) a producer class (2) military class and (3) a
governing class or ruling class.

The producer class will provide themselves and the other two class with the
necessities of life-food, shelter, clothing, trade and commerce. The producer
class corresponds to the appetitive element in the soul of the individual
human being (given below) as the guardians.
Tripartite Soul Tripartite State
Reason guardians
Spirited element Auxiliaries, Military
Bodily appetites Producers

Or rules correspond to the element of reason and as the auxiliary and military
class, which aids and supplements the work of the guardians corresponds to
the spirited element.
The members of the producer class will be drawn from that type of person in
whom the bodily appetites are dominant and who lives for money. The
members of the ruling class will be drawn from the type of man in whom
reason in dominant and who lives only for truth. The auxiliary and military
class will be drawn from that type of man in whom the spirited element is
dominant and who lives for success in aggressive and courageous acts. Thus
each class in the state is paroled to a part of the soul and its function.

Aristotle’s Theory About politics:

To a brief consideration of Aristotle’s treaties “politics” Aristotle rejects the
political theory expressed in Plato’s “republic” on the ground that is is too
speculative too utopian, too for removed from the actual world of city state
and their forms of government Aristotle rejects the political absolutism of the
“Republic” even though the despots are philosopher-kings for Aristotle, a
good state is one in which the constitution is sovereign and the relation of rule
to ruled is the of free man who are morally equal, Plato’s republic is that is
constructs an unalienable, speculative ideal with which is undertake criticism
of existing states Aristotle looks to the ideas which are expressed in the laves,
customs and public opinion of the people actual states like Plato, Aristotle
lives the state as having a moral end or purpose: the highest possible moral
development and happiness of its citizens like Plato Aristotle regards the state
having primacy over the family and over the individual. Aristotle also initially
follows Plato’s classification of type of government into three good and three
had states according to the number of rulers:
The good state The Bad state
Monarchy one people Tyranny
Aristocracy few people Oligarch
Polity many peoples Democracy

By Monarchy we understand that there is one person who rules over a place
and when this is a good side of government. But when it terms bad it becomes
tyranny. Aristocracy is a good form of government. Few people rule over it.
But when this good side becomes bad it becomes oligarchy. Polity is a good
side of government. Many people can rule here. But when this good side
becomes bad it becomes democracy Aristotle supported the polity. The polity
is in effect ruled by a large middle class, it unite provide Aristotle believes, a
stable, well administered foundation for the state, Since this class is composed
of “equals” and similar” of moderate means, who are most likely to follow
rational principles. The philosophy of Aristotle is regarded as the most
complete synthesis of knowledge ever constructed. His philosophy
differentiated for the first time the various fields of knowledge: logic and
mathematics; the science of physics, biology, and psychology; and the
philosophic branches of metaphysics, ethics politics, aesthetics.

Niccole Machiavelli’s theory about a ruler:

Niccole Machiavelli was a philosopher from the Renaissance period who
through a completely different theory Machiavelli was the son of a Italian
lawyer. He was a totally different philosopher. He was a man from kung
Savonarola’s time and that king’s and was so miserable from the he learnt and
early lesson about the relative power of good and bad forces in society. He
wrote two books named “The Price” and “The Discourse” was based on the
principles of political behavior.
According to Machiavelli there should three objects of a ruler
1. To ensure the security
2. To govern the state
3. To expand the power
Machiavelli thought that a ruler should first think about his own security. He
thought the common people were not reliable. Because people were not
reliable. Because people could elect a ruler and also could dismiss him. A
ruler must not sacrifice any thing for the common people. He should also
think about his own benefits. Machiavelli also said that, “give” the words but
not keep the words” He asked the rules not to trust the common people and to
the dishonest. He alba said that if a ruler is dishonest and selfish he could go a
long way and he is the absolute ruler.

Contrast between the classical Philosophy and Machiavelli:

Machiavelli’s theory was totally different and apposite from the classical
philosophers. Machiavelli’s theory is very realistic and this theory is called
“Art of deception” He said that to fight with a bad society a man should be
dishonest and selfish. He should not be moral and he should not be go against
religion. He should show emotion to the common people. Here is a bang
difference between Machiavelli and classical public the classical philosopher
believed that a lot of man can make a right decision there Machiavelli said
that one man ruling is perfect ruling system for a real estate. He never wanted
a Savonarola type of rule. Machiavellian’s theory is called Machiavellianism.

At last we can say that there is a vast difference between classical

philosophers and Machiavelli who believed in absolute ruling Both of the
philosopher are right is the own way and both are different. Because they
gave their opinion by observing the social condition of their time.