AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH STATION, BAVIKERE

Seasonal condition of Agricultural Research Station, Bavikere during 2009

Table : Monthly rain fall distribution (mm) at ARS, Bavikere

2009
Months 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Normal Actual
January - - - - - 0 0
February - 24.6 - - 13.2 7.6 0
March - - 19.6 - 53.8 14.68 76.6
April 54.4 87.3 - 8.2 41.4 38.26 9.6
May 148.4 145.27 75.1 41.1 63.2 94.614 104.2
June 96.4 87.3 104.6 162.1 118.5 113.78 49.9
July 90.8 381.3 243.2 261.5 201.6 235.68 438.8
August 318.1 190.6 186.1 342.1 292.5 265.88 210.7
September 89.9 82.9 158.2 251.3 104.6 137.38 145.5
October 16.4 212.4 20.2 173.2 113.5 107.14 152.7
November 23.6 8.8 38.2 28.2 14.2 22.6 43.8
December - - - 13.6 - 2.72 134
838 1220.47 845.2 1281.3 1016.5 1040.3 1365.8

Rain fall pattern at ARS, Bavikere during 2009

500

450

400

350
Normal
Rain fall (mm)

300

250

200
Actual
150

100

50

0
Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Months

Research Results of A.R.S. Bhavikere 2008 - 2009

 Rainfall (mm) received during the year
Months 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Mean of 6 Actual
years 2009
January - - - - - - - -
February 2.8(1) - 24.6(1) - - 13.2 ( 1) 6.78(1) -
March - - - 19.6(3) - 53.8(2) 12.23 (1) 76.6(2)
April 2.9(3) 54.4(4) 87.3(7) - 8.2(2) 41.4(2) 32.37 (3) 9.6(1)

May 1.8 148.4(9) 145.27(7) 75.1(5) 41.1(2) 63.2(3) 79.15(4) 104.2(5)

June 44.6(4) 96.4(10) 87.3(12) 104.6(11) 162.1(10) 118.5(15) 102.25(10) 49.9(4)
July 165.8(13) 90.8(7) 381.3(21) 243.2(21) 261.5(23) 201.6(15) 224.03(17) 438.8(22)
August 114.3(15) 318.1(19) 190.6(17) 186.1(14) 342.1(11) 292.5(14) 240.62(15) 210.7(11)
September 41.8(5) 89.9(6) 82.9(11) 158.2(6) 251.3(14) 104.6(9) 121.45(9) 145.5(9)
October 288.0(10) 16.4(3) 212.4(11) 20.2(2) 173.2(9) 113.5(7) 137.28(7) 152.7(7)
November 19.2(1) 23.6(2) 8.8(1) 38.2(4) 28.2(1) 14.2(1) 21.53(2) 43.8(3)
December - - - - 13.6(1) - 2.27 134(2)
Total 681.2 838 1220.47 845.2 1281.3 1144.8 979.96(69) 1365.8(66)

Table : Monthly Rain fall distribution (mm) at ARS Bhavikere during 2009
and Average of 6 years
 Rain fall received(mm)
Months Actual 2009 Mean of 6 years
January - -
February - 6.78(1)
March 76.6(2) 12.23 (1)
April 9.6(1) 32.37 (3)
May 104.2(5) 79.15(4)
June 49.9(4) 102.25(10)
July 438.8(22) 224.03(17)
August 210.7(11) 240.62(15)
September 145.5(9) 121.45(9)
October 152.7(7) 137.28(7)
November 43.8(3) 21.53(2)
December 134(2) 2.27
Total 1365.8(66) 979.96(69)
 Rain fall pattern at ARS Bavikere during 2009

500
450
400
350
300
Rain fall

Actual
250
Normal
200
150
100
50
0

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Months
 ARS, BAVIKER RAINFALL DATA-2009

Date January February March April May June July August Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec
2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009
1 - - - - - 59.0 4.4 22.1 1.0 -
2 - - - - 2.2 4.0 2.4 3.1 - -
3 - - - 2.1 8.6 - 5.0 5.0 - -
4 - - - - 16.3 - 5.4 4.0 - -
5 - - - - 9.4 - 16.0 - - -
6 - - - - 28.2 - 32.1 - - -
7 - - - 16.0 30.0 - 1.4 - - -
8 - - - 3.2 28.2 - 1.0 - - -
9 - - - - 6.6 - - - 12.4 -
10 - - - - 26.2 - - - 18.0 -
11 63.4 - - - 4.0 - - - 2.2 -
12 - - - - 8.2 - - - - -
13 - - - - 11.2 - - 92.0 - -
14 13.2 - - - 22.2 - - - - -
15 - - 8.0 - 60.0 - - - - -
16 - - - - 75.2 18.2 1.4 - - -
17 - - - 19.6 35.4 12.0 - - - -
18 - - 6.2 - 23.0 9.4 - - - -
19 - - - 19.1 5.0 23.2 - - -
20 - - 27.0 - 5.0 8.0 - - 10.2 -
21 - - - 2.0 - 20.0 - - -
22 - - 47.0 - 4.2 60.0 20.0 - - -
23 - - - - 4.6 - 1.0 - - -
24 - - - - - 2.4 - - - -
25 - - - - - 15.2 - - - -
26 - 9.6 - - 5.0 5 - - - -
27 - - - - 4.0 2.1 - - - -
28 - - - 9.0 - 10.4 - - - -
29 - - - - - - 12.2 1.1 - 20.0
30 - - - - - - 9.4 - 114.0
31 - 16.0 - - - 1.0 -
Total - - 76.6 9.6 104.2 49.9 438.8 210.7 140.7 152.7 43.8 134
No. of
rain - - 2 1 5 4 22 12 10 6 4 2
days

Total rain fall from March 2009 to December 2009: 1361mm

 ARS, BAVIKER RAINFALL DATA-2009

Date January February March April May June July August Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec
2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009
1 - - - - - 59.0 4.4 22.1 1.0 -
2 - - - - 2.2 4.0 2.4 3.1 - -
3 - - - 2.1 8.6 - 5.0 5.0 - -
4 - - - - 16.3 - 5.4 4.0 - -
5 - - - - 9.4 - 16.0 - - -
6 - - - - 28.2 - 32.1 - - -
7 - - - 16.0 30.0 - 1.4 - - -
8 - - - 3.2 28.2 - 1.0 - - -
9 - - - - 6.6 - - - 12.4 -
10 - - - - 26.2 - - - 18.0 -
11 63.4 - - - 4.0 - - - 2.2 -
12 - - - - 8.2 - - - - -
13 - - - - 11.2 - - 92.0 - -
14 13.2 - - - 22.2 - - - - -
15 - - 8.0 - 60.0 - - - - -
16 - - - - 75.2 18.2 1.4 - - -
17 - - - 19.6 35.4 12.0 - - - -
18 - - 6.2 - 23.0 9.4 - - - -
19 - - - 19.1 5.0 23.2 - - -
20 - - 27.0 - 5.0 8.0 - - 10.2 -
21 - - - 2.0 - 20.0 - - -
22 - - 47.0 - 4.2 60.0 20.0 - - -
23 - - - - 4.6 - 1.0 - - -
24 - - - - - 2.4 - - - -
25 - - - - - 15.2 - - - -
26 - 9.6 - - 5.0 5 - - - -
27 - - - - 4.0 2.1 - - - -
28 - - - 9.0 - 10.4 - - - -
29 - - - - - - 12.2 1.1 - 20.0
30 - - - - - - 9.4 - 114.0
31 - 16.0 - - - 1.0 -
Total - - 76.6 9.6 104.2 49.9 438.8 210.7 140.7 152.7 43.8 134
No. of
rain - - 2 1 5 4 22 12 10 6 4 2
days

Total rain fall from March 2009 to December 2009: 1361mm

 Research Results of A.R.S. Bhavikere 2009 - 2010
Rainfall (mm) received during the year
Months 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Mean of 7 A
years 2
January - - - - - - - - 33
February 2.8(1) - 24.6(1) - - 13.2 ( 1) - 5.80(1)
March - - - 19.6(3) - 53.8(2) 76.6(2) 21.43 (1)
April 2.9(3) 54.4(4) 87.3(7) - 8.2(2) 41.4(2) 9.6(1) 29.12 (3) 57

May 1.8 148.4(9) 145.27(7) 75.1(5) 41.1(2) 63.2(3) 104.2(5) 82.73(5) 41

June 44.6(4) 96.4(10) 87.3(12) 104.6(11) 162.1(10) 118.5(15) 49.9(4) 94.77(10) 78
July 165.8(13) 90.8(7) 381.3(21) 243.2(21) 261.5(23) 201.6(15) 438.8(22) 254.72(18) 350
August 114.3(15) 318.1(19) 190.6(17) 186.1(14) 342.1(11) 292.5(14) 210.7(11) 236.34(15) 277
September 41.8(5) 89.9(6) 82.9(11) 158.2(6) 251.3(14) 104.6(9) 145.5(9) 124.89(9) 184
October 288.0(10) 16.4(3) 212.4(11) 20.2(2) 173.2(9) 113.5(7) 152.7(7) 139.49(7) 113
November 19.2(1) 23.6(2) 8.8(1) 38.2(4) 28.2(1) 14.2(1) 43.8(3) 27.23(2) 154
December - - - - 13.6(1) - 134.0(2) 21.09(1)
Total 681.2 838 1220.47 845.2 1281.3 1144.8 1365.8(66) 1037.61(72) 1288

Agricultural Research Station, Bhavikere

Monthly Rain fall distribution (mm) at ARS Bhavikere during 2010 and Average of 7 years

Rain fall received(mm)

Months Actual Mean of 7 years
2010
January 33.3(3) -
February - 5.80(1)
March - 21.43 (1)
April 57.8(6) 29.12 (3)
May 41.8(4) 82.73(5)
June 78.0(8) 94.77(10)
July 350.2(20) 254.72(18)
August 277.1(23) 236.34(15)
September 184.2(16) 124.89(9)
October 113.9(7) 139.49(7)
November 154.4(13) 27.23(2)
December - 21.09(1)
Total 1290.7(100) 1037.61(72)
 Rain fall pattern ar ARS, Bavikere during 2010

400

350

300
Normal
250
Rain fall (mm)

200 Actual

150

100

50

0
Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Months

The total rainfall of 1290.70 mm was received during the year 2010 with 100 rainy days, in
comparison to the
 ARS, BAVIKER RAINFALL DATA-2009

Date January February March April May June July August Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec
2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009
1 - - - - - 59.0 4.4 22.1 1.0 -
2 - - - - 2.2 4.0 2.4 3.1 - -
3 - - - 2.1 8.6 - 5.0 5.0 - -
4 - - - - 16.3 - 5.4 4.0 - -
5 - - - - 9.4 - 16.0 - - -
6 - - - - 28.2 - 32.1 - - -
7 - - - 16.0 30.0 - 1.4 - - -
8 - - - 3.2 28.2 - 1.0 - - -
9 - - - - 6.6 - - - 12.4 -
10 - - - - 26.2 - - - 18.0 -
11 63.4 - - - 4.0 - - - 2.2 -
12 - - - - 8.2 - - - - -
13 - - - - 11.2 - - 92.0 - -
14 13.2 - - - 22.2 - - - - -
15 - - 8.0 - 60.0 - - - - -
16 - - - - 75.2 18.2 1.4 - - -
17 - - - 19.6 35.4 12.0 - - - -
18 - - 6.2 - 23.0 9.4 - - - -
19 - - - 19.1 5.0 23.2 - - -
20 - - 27.0 - 5.0 8.0 - - 10.2 -
21 - - - 2.0 - 20.0 - - -
22 - - 47.0 - 4.2 60.0 20.0 - - -
23 - - - - 4.6 - 1.0 - - -
24 - - - - - 2.4 - - - -
25 - - - - - 15.2 - - - -
26 - 9.6 - - 5.0 5 - - - -
27 - - - - 4.0 2.1 - - - -
28 - - - 9.0 - 10.4 - - - -
29 - - - - - - 12.2 1.1 - 20.0
30 - - - - - - 9.4 - 114.0
31 - 16.0 - - - 1.0 -
Total - - 76.6 9.6 104.2 49.9 438.8 210.7 140.7 152.7 43.8 134
No. of
rain - - 2 1 5 4 22 12 10 6 4 2
days

Total rain fall from March 2009 to December 2009: 1361mm

 ARS, BAVIKER RAINFALL DATA-2008

Date January February March April May June July August Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec
2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008
1 - - - - 4.4 10.6 8.6 - - -
2 - - - - 10.6 1.1 14.2 - - -
3 - - - 12.8 1.4 3.2 - - - -
4 - - - - 1.1 2.1 - 16.4 - -
5 - - - - 1.2 2.2 - 4.2 - -
6 - - - 2.3 - 1.1 8.2 - - -
7 - 38.2 - - 2.2 4.6 - 30.2 - -
8 - - - 5.4 3.4 27.4 - - - -
9 - - - 4.4 2.1 10.2 37.2 - - -
10 - - - 5.4 4.4 22.2 6.2 7.2 - -
11 - - - 9.4 5.4 52.4 12.4 - - -
12 - - - 5.2 1.4 34.6 8.2 - - -
13 13.2 - - - 9.2 - 43.2 3.2 3.4 - -
14 - - - 3.2 - 16.8 6.6 - - -
15 - - - 10.2 - 9.6 - - - -
16 10.6 - - - 10.4 1.6 - - - -
17 2.3 - - 5.4 - 2.6 - - - -
18 - - - 5.0 - 1.8 - 2.2 - -
19 - - 5.6 - - - - - -
20 - - - 1.1 13.0 2.0 - 2.1 - -
21 - - - 13.2 10.6 - 10.2 - -
22 - - 19.4 - - 1.6 - - - -
23 39.4 3.2 - - 10.0 3.2 - 1.6 - -
24 1.5 - - - - - - - - -
25 - - - - 3.2 - - 36.0 - -
26 - - 29.4 - 10.6 - - - - -
27 - - - 5.6 9.4 - - - - -
28 - - - 5.8 42.8 - - - - -
29 - - - 9.4 17.8 - - - 14.2 -
30 - - - 13.1 27.2 - - - -
31 - 14.4 - 19.4 27.8 - - -
Total - 13.2- 59.8 41.4 63.2 118.5 201.6 292.5 104.6 113.5 14.2 -
No. of
rain - 1 2 2 3 16 16 15 9 7 1 -
days
 ARS, BAVIKER RAINFALL DATA-2007
8

Date January February March April May June July August Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec
2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007
1 15.0 7.6
2 6.0 24.3 2.2
3 15.1 6.2 12.1 9.8
4 12.1 12.1 3.2
5 17.6 8.5
6 1.5
7 25.0 10.5 43.5 28.2
8 3.4 90.8
9 20.2 80.6
10 9.6 36.1 39.2
11 32.8 22.3 12.8
12 3.2 5.4 19.6 12.1
13 5.6 6.0
14 2.0 2.0 32.3
15 3.2 32.2
16 4.6 31.2
17 30.2 3.6
18 5.2 47.6
19 3.2 1.4
20 51.2
21 7.4 10.4 14.1 13.6
22 5.0 9.4 18.2
23 61.3 5.6 20.4
24 13.2 36.8
25 3.1 3.4 10.2 5.9 3.6
26 7.2 5.1 15.3
27 5.4 4.1 1.0
28 3.2 5.1
29 27.5 3.2
30 29.0 18.7
31 4.3
Total 8.2 41.1 162.1 261.5 342.1 251.3 173.2 28.2 13.6
No. of 2 2 10 23 11 14 9 1 1
rain
days
 “Cage girls” in “Pillow houses”

The worst brothels are called “pillow houses”, where prostitutes are separated by cloth dividers in tiny
rooms. Visitors are charged $3 for a few minutes, and strict vigil is maintained to discourage prostitutes
from talking to their customers. Payment is made to the brothel owner who keeps the money, and allows as
many as forty visitors a day during “peak” season.

Point of no return

Escape is never an option because there is a nexus between criminal gangs, pimps, brothel owners and the
local police who share the major part of the CSW’s income. What trickles down to the hapless woman is a
mere pittance. It is an open secret that all important red light areas in India enjoy police protection, which
means the policemen themselves go to the brothels for tea, snacks and girls.In return for favors they
inform the brothel keepers in advance about the raids that are scheduled to take place. A girl who escaped
from her brothel and went to police was reportedly raped by them, and brought back to her owner the
following day. Most prostitutes do not even make the attempt to escape because they have nowhere to go,
they are illiterate and have been smuggled into the city.

Call Girls

Call girls are commercial sex workers who are part-timers and are usually more educated, carry cell-phones,
and are well groomed and cannot be compared to those living in brothels. They have more mobility, earn
higher incomes and have some freedom in choosing their clients who are mostly from the middle and upper
classes of society. A study of 150 call girls, 20 clients and 10 “madams” in Delhi, Bombay and Calcutta,
found that 80% percent of their clients were married. Many of them had suffered from sexually transmitted
diseases (STDs) at least once and had experience of induced abortion.

Generally call girls are known to take good care of their health and visit doctors whenever necessary. Almost
all of them want their clients to use condoms, though they most often comply when clients offer a much
higher amount for condom-free sex.

A subsequent study among call girls in Delhi in 1993 showed a high number of their clients preferred oral
sex to vaginal intercourse. Some of them belonging to the upper-middle class were aware of AIDS and
rejected clients who refused to use condoms.

Escort girls

The costliest end of the supply chain operates with high-class escort girls recruited from women's colleges
and from India 's burgeoning fashion and film industries. These CSWs offer services for large sums of
money and usually operate by way of a discreet introduction service. The boom in Internet services has seen
the emergence of several snazzy websites, openly advertising escort girl services.

Devadasi system

Devadasi tradition or “sacred prostitution” is a form of sex work that dates back several centuries with the
ritual found in written records even in the 12th century. The tradition involves a religious rite, in which girls
and women are dedicated, through marriage, to different gods and goddesses, particularly to the goddess
Yallama in a small temple in northern Karnataka. It is seen now as a ruse to do temple duties, which mainly
involve providing sexual services to priests and patrons of the temples. Though abolished now as illegal,
the practice continues in areas in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh to this day.

A US sponsored study comparing the sociodemographic characteristics and sex work patterns of women
involved in the traditional Devadasi form of sex work with those of other female sex workers (FSW), in the
Indian state of Karnataka, showed that, of the 1588 FSWs interviewed, 414 (26%) reported that they entered
sex work through the Devadasi tradition. Devadasi FSWs were more likely than other FSWs to work in rural
areas (47.3% vs. 8.9%, respectively) to be illiterate (92.8% vs. 76.9%, respectively), were more likely to be
home based (68.6% vs. 14.9) and were less likely to report client-initiated violence in a year (13.3% vs.
35.8%) or police harassment (11.6% vs. 44.3%).

Gigolos: Role Reversal?

Call it role reversal, or Western influence, or proof that sex revolution in India is in full swing— Indian
gigolos or male prostitutes entertaining women for money have come to stay. Earlier, a large percentage of
male prostitutes were the eunuchs or hijras. Now it can be a well-dressed male frequenting Internet
community groups, coffee houses, swanky restaurants and multiplexes.In a 30-minute CNN-IBN special
investigation report on the gigolo trail in Ahmedabad, Bangalore and Delhi, these men, most of whom are in
decent jobs with the IT industry, said that it is the easiest way to make money and also to no-string-attached
sex. These men say they easily earn between Rs. 5000 to Rs.10, 000 per client and their clients include
elderly women, women with successful careers and even housewives. One gigolo who was interviewed said
that he wanted a house, a car, a comfortable life style, with an LCD TV and an in-built bar in his residence
with the extra money he earned.

A recent survey has shown that some Indian women are hiring gigolos for oral sex, prefer having sex with a
younger man, some wanting threesomes. Many reasons are put forward by social analysts for the rise of the
gigolos in the hitherto conservative Indian society—for instance, the rise of a new class of “alpha women”
with financial independence to buy everything including sex, women waking up to sexual freedom and ready
to break free of unexciting relationships or wandering husbands.

Child Prostitution

The ugliest face of the sex trade in many Asian countries is child prostitution. A 2004 UNICEF report
estimates 500,000 child sex workers in India alone. Given the phenomenal increase in sex tourism, the
number is bound to have risen to frightening proportions. Poor families are tricked into selling their children
to such work for meager sums as 4 or 5 USD. Their family members thrust sometimes girl children who are
victims of incest into this trade.

A prevailing myth that having intercourse with a virgin cures sexually transmitted diseases (STD)
continues to create a demand for very young girls.

Police as Pimps
Apart from the many child prostitutes working in Indian brothels, many more are tempted into the sex trade
by sex tourists and pedophiles who offer children money and other rewards for sexual activities. Just one
Indian city Goa, sees as many as 10,000 pedophiles visiting each year. Seventy percent of the children who
are victims of such sex acts do not tell anyone. Though according to the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, many other international treaties and agreements and local
Indian laws, child prostitution is strictly illegal, offences rarely end in conviction.

The crime ring is well organized and police officers extort money from traffickers, and offenders and abet
the system of prostitution by falsifying documents to prove that the children are not minors. In one case, a
ten-year-old girl prostitute who was rescued by a hawker after many attempts was returned to the brothel
keeper by the local inspector on the same day.

vs illegal debate

A recent international bulletin states that “prostitution and trafficking of women and children is the third
largest income-earner globally”—drug trafficking and arms sales being the first two money-spinners. In
countries like Amsterdam prostitution is perfectly legal.  The profession is well organized, government-
regulated and consequently, even socially acceptable. At the other end of the spectrum are some Muslim
countries, especially Saudi Arabia where prostitutes are still lashed in public or stoned to death. The Legal
Tangle: SITA
The stated objectives of laws passed in India in 1956 and 1986 regarding prostitution, were 'suppression' and
'prevention’ of prostitution.  The 1956 Suppression of Immoral Trafficking Act (SITA) “assumed that
prostitution was a 'necessary evil' and prohibited a prostitute from soliciting clients in public places and
forced her to work in certain areas known as red-light areas.”Though the SITA did not aim to punish
prostitutes unless they solicited, it exposed them to exploitation by pimps and policemen in that it gave
enough powers to police and other government agencies to terrorize, harass and financially exploit a
prostitute.

The 1986 Immoral Trafficking (Prevention) Act (ITPA) provides “marginal benefits to prostitutes by
prohibiting male police officers from searching them unless accompanied by two female police officers; and
also by seeking to draw women away from prostitution through rehabilitation in Protective Homes.”

A landmark judgment highlighting the importance of educational rights for the children of Commercial sex
worker (CSWs) was passed in January1993.  It granted permission for the admission of CSWs’ children in
schools without stating the father’s name, which is the customary procedure in school admission.

Rehabilitation

The social stigma attached to this trade makes rehabilitation of commercial sex workers tricky.  People who
were willing to donate for different social causes were reluctant to donate to rehabilitate these hapless
women until organizations like CRY (Child Relief and You) undertook to educate children of CSWs. 
Government rehabilitation measures are not comprehensive and practical.  Remand houses or the protective
houses where the rescued women are housed are usually overcrowded, mismanaged, without facilities or
vocational training.  The wardens treat the girls with utmost contempt because of their shoddy past and most
often the girls conclude that life before was better and so when the pimp comes to claim them posing as a
brother/sister /uncle/aunt, they readily go with them to resume her sex work.

Types of Commercial Sex Workers

Read more: Prostitution Laws and Rehabilitation

http://www.medindia.net/patients/lifestyleandwellness/prostitution_laws_rehabilitation.htm#ixzz3lGGF1fXL