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Pamela Ackerman, Electrical Engineering Undergraduate Types of Power Where P is measured in Watts
V2
Advisement By:
True Power - Symbolized by P, measured in Watts and a function of dissipative elements (R) Q = I2X
Q=
X
Q = Reactive Power
Jerry E. Hager P.E., Vice President, Electrical Systems Consultants, Inc. Reactive Power - Symbolized by Q, measured in VAR and a function of reactive elements (X) Where Q is measured in Volt-
Volt-Amps-
Amps-Reactive (VAR)
Dr. George Collins, Electrical and Computer Engineering Apparent Power - Symbolized by S, measured in VA and a function of total impedance (Z)
V2
S=
S = Apparent Power S = I 2
Z S = VI
Z
Where S is measured in Volt-
Volt-Amps (VA)
P = True power = I2R = 240 Watts P = True power = I2R = 0 Watts linear combination of Power factor is a unit-
unit-less
Q = Reactive power = I2X = 0 KVAR Q = Reactive power = I2X = 238.73 KVAR
True and Reactive power measurement
S = Apparent power = I2Z = 240 VA S = Apparent power = I2Z = 238.73 VA
Power factor measures how
Purely Resistive Load: Purely Reactive Load: P = True power = I2R = 119.365 Watts efficiently the current is being
• All power dissipated by resistor • All power alternately absorbed and re-
• Voltage and Current in phase turned by reactive load Q = Reactive power = I2X = 119.998 KVAR converted into real power
• Apparent Power = True Power • Voltage and Current out of phase (θ=90) S = Apparent power = I2Z = 169.256 VA
• Apparent Power = Reactive Power
A power factor of 1 is the most The three types of power are related by the “Power Triangle”
• Purely resistive circuits have PF=1, power triangle is a horizontal line
efficient loading of supply • Purely inductive circuits have PF=0, power triangle is a vertical line pointing up
• Purely capacitive circuits have PF=0, power triangle is a vertical line pointing down