Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Even the Montagnard Foundation is able to provide some ‐ I repeat ‐ some
photographic evidence along with specific details such name, age, sex, commune,
village, district, province and date. I have not seen any evidence of this nature for
the Hmong in Dien Bien.
There are no accounts I've seen, even from the Vietnamese government, that the
Hmong were armed or used violence. But there may have been violent incidents
between security forces and Hmong. I can believe local public security were
inexperienced in such matters, were overwhelmed, and may have over reacted. But
my reading of internal army publications of how to control a riot do not square with
what the advocacy groups are saying. The army gives the lead to the public security
forces. The Public Security forces are to use peaceful measures in the first instance.
They are to identify the ring leaders and separate them from the masses. In the end,
when the dust settles, the ring leaders are tried and convicted and so too are local
officials if they abused their power.
The military provides area security and cordons off roads. In the case of a province
bordering Laos a prime concern would be to secure the border to prevent infiltration
of hostile elements and to prevent Hmong from fleeing into Laos, a friendly country
I can image helicopters being used in remote terrain to ferry in reinforcements. And I
can imagine helicopters being used to locate Hmong who fled into the forests. But
until evidence is produced, I cannot accept accounts of helicopter gunships mowing
down innocent unarmed Hmong. A massacre of this magnitude would quickly get
out.
And I have no problems accepting that Hmong Catholics, Christian and Animist have
borne the brunt of discrimination by local authorities and grievances may have built
up.