Branches of Science

 Acoustics: It is a branch of science related to the study of transmission of sound waves. It

usually refers to the characteristics of theaters, auditoriums and studios and includes the
behavior of sound in buildings and noise and noise control.
 Aerodynamics: It is associated with the study of forces of air acting on objects in motion
relative to air.
 Aeronautical Engineering: It is a branch of science that is related to the study of design
and manufacture of flight-capable machines as well as the techniques of operating
aircraft.
 Agriculture: It is the science of cultivating the ground, harvesting the crops and rearing
and management of farming, husbandry and livestock. It is associated with the production
of food, fiber, feed and other goods by systematic harvesting or growing the plants and
rearing the animals.
 Agronomy: It is a branch of agriculture that deals with field crop production and soil
management. It involves the scientific study of crop production and its usage for food,
feed, fiber and fuel.
 Algebra: It is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of structure, quantity and
relation. It includes the use of symbols, letters and/or characters to represent numbers and
express mathematical relationships.
 Algology: see Phycology
 Anatomy: It is a branch of biology, related to the study of structure and organization of
living things. It involves human anatomy, plant anatomy (phytotomy) and animal
anatomy (zootomy).
 Angiology: It is the science that includes the study of blood and lymph vessels and their
disorders.
 Anthropology: It involves the study of both past and present human cultures. It is
associated with physical and social characteristics of humanity through the study of
historical and present geographical distribution, acculturation, cultural history and
cultural relationships.
 Apiculture: It is the science and art of raising and management of honeybees, Apis
mellifera. It involves the cultivation of bees on commercial scale for the production of
honey.
 Applied Mathematics: It is a branch of mathematics that deals with the mathematical
techniques, which are used in the application of mathematical knowledge to other
domains.
 Archaeology: It is a subdiscipline of anthropology that involves the study of physical
evidence of past human societies, recovered through excavation
 Astronomy: It is the scientific study of celestial bodies such as stars, comets, planets and
galaxies and phenomena that originate outside the Earth’s atmosphere such as the cosmic
background radiation.
 Astrophysics: It is a branch of astronomy that is associated with the physics of celestial
bodies (galaxies, stars and interstellar medium).
  Atomic Physics: It is a field of physics that is associated with the study of internal
structure of atomic nuclei as an isolated system of electrons. It mainly involves the study
of arrangement of electrons around the nucleus.

 Bacteriology: It is a branch of microbiology, which involves the scientific study of

bacteria in relation to disease as well as agriculture.
 Biochemistry: It deals with the study of chemical substances and vital processes that take
place in living organisms. It primarily focuses on the structure, function and role of
biomolecules. It includes the study of organic chemistry of compounds and processes
occurring in organisms.
 Bioengineering: It is an application of systematic, integrative and quantitative
engineering principles to living structures, such as creating chemicals, drugs, tissues and
artificial organs.
 Biology: It is also known as biological science, which includes the scientific study of life.
It involves the study of structure, origin, growth, evolution, function and distribution of
living things.
 Biophysics: It is a branch of science that involves an application of methods and
principles of physics to understand the biological systems.
 Biotechnology: It is associated with the industrial application of living organisms and/or
biological techniques developed through basic research. Biotechnology is applied for
producing the pharmaceutical compounds and research materials. It is mainly applied in
genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology.
 Botany: It is also referred to as plant biology, plant science or phytology. It involves the
scientific study of plant life.
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 Cardiology: It deals with study, diagnosis and treatment of various disorders of heart and
major blood vessels.
 Chemical Engineering: It is a branch of engineering that deals with design, construction
and operation of machinery and plants for different products such as dyes, acids, plastics,
drugs and rubber, applying the chemical reactions.
 Chemistry: It is a branch of natural science that is associated with the composition of
substances and their properties and reactions. It is the science of matter and its
interactions with energy and itself.
 Civil Engineering: This branch of engineering deals with the planning, designing,
construction and maintenance of structures (roads, bridges, etc) and altering the
geography to suit the human needs.
 Climatology: It involves the study of climatic data, analysis of climatic changes and
investigations of its phenomena and causes.
 Computer Science: It includes a systematic study of computation and computing system.
It involves different theories for understanding the computing systems and methods,
algorithms, design methodology and tools, methods of analysis and verification and
methods for testing the concepts.
 Cosmetology: It is the practice of beautifying the face, skin and hair, using different
cosmetics.
 Cosmology: It is a branch of physical science that is associated with the nature of
universe, its origin and overall structure.
 Craniology: This branch of science is related to the study of physical characteristics of
the skulls of different human races.
 Cryogenics: A scientific study that deals with the production, control, application and
uses of very low temperature.
 Cryptography: It is the science of protecting the information by transforming it into an
unreadable, unintelligible, enciphered format with the use of a key and an algorithm.
 Cytology: It is a branch of biological science that is associated with the study of
structure, origin, function and pathology of cells.

 Dactylography: It is the science of using the fingerprints for the purpose of

identification.
 Dermatology: It is a branch of medicine that deals with the skin disorders such as moles,
skin cancers, contact dermatitis, psoriasis and other skin conditions, related to other
diseases. It also includes the disorders of hair, nails, mouth and external genitalia.
 Dentistry: This branch of medicine deals with diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the
diseases associated with teeth, oral cavity and related structures.
  Dynamics: It is a branch of mechanics that includes the study of various forces, their
action on bodies and changes in motion they produce.

 Ecology: It includes the study of interrelationships between living organisms and their
environment.
 Electronics: It is a branch of technology, which is associated with the development and
application of circuits or systems, using electronic devices such as magnetic amplifiers,
transistors, etc.
 Endocrinology: It is a branch of medical science that is associated with the study of
function and pathology of endocrine glands.
 Engineering: It is an application of scientific, mechanical, physical and mathematical
principles to design process, structures and products that are meant for improving the
quality of life.
 Entomology: It is a branch of science that includes the study of insects in their relations
to forests and forest products.
 Environmental Science: It is the study of interactions among biological, physical and
chemical components of environmental system.
 Epidemiology: It includes the study of cause and distribution of diseases in human
population.
 Ethnology: It involves the study of mental and physical differences of mankind.
 Etiology: It is the study of causes or origins of disease/abnormal condition.
 Etymology: It includes the study of history of words and their meanings.
 Eugenics: It deals with the study of hereditary improvement of human race by controlled
selective breeding.
 Evolution: It is the sequence of changes involved in evolutionary development of a
species or taxonomic group of organisms.
 Exbiology: It is a branch of science that deals with life or possibilities of life present
beyond the earth.

 Forestry: It is the art and science of managing and using forests and their associated
resources to produce various products such as timber for human benefits.
 Floriculture: It is a discipline of horticulture, related with the cultivation of flowering
and ornamental plants for the gardens and floristry, including the floral industry.
 Forensic Science: It is a branch of medical science that deals with establishing the
evidence for legal proceeding.
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 Genetics: It is a branch of biology that focuses on the heredity and variation of organisms
as well as the patterns of inheritance of specific traits.
 Gemology: It is the science and art of identifying, grading, evaluating and marketing the
gemstones.
 Geography: It includes the study of the earth as well as its features phenomena and
inhabitants. It also deals with climate, topography, vegetation and soil.
 Geology: This branch of science involves the study of origin, history, evolution and
structure of the earth’s crust. It also involves the examination of soil and rocks.
 Geometry: It is a branch of mathematics that deals with the questions of shape, size and
relative positions of figures as well as with the properties of space. It is associated with
polygons, vertices, triangles, meshes and associated operations to be done with them in
3D applications.
 Geophysics: It involves the study of physical and geological properties and
characteristics of the earth, minerals and rocks.
 Gerontology: It deals with the scientific study of psychological, biological and
sociological phenomena related to aging and old age.
 Gynecology: It is a discipline of medicine that is concerned with disorders of women,
particularly reproductive and sexual function and diseases of reproductive organs.

 Heliology: It deals with the study of the Sun.

 Hematology It is a branch of medical science that includes the study of function and
disease of blood as well as diagnosis and treatment of disorders of blood, lymph glands
and spleen.
 Hepatology: This branch of medical science incorporates the study of functions and
disorders of liver as well as biliary tree, gallbladder and pancreas.
 Histology: It includes the study of structure and behavior of cells and body tissues, using
microscopic examination of tissue slices.
 Horticulture: It is an agricultural technology that is associated with growing ornamental
plants, flowers, fruits and vegetables.
 Hydroponics: It is a branch of science that deals with growing the plants, particularly
vegetables, in water containing essential mineral nutrients, instead of in soil.
 Hydrotherapy: It is the science of treating a disease using hot or cold water, internally or
externally to maintain and restore health. This treatment involves full body immersion,
saunas, steam baths, colonic irrigation, sitz baths and hot or/and cold compresses.
  Hydrology: It deals with distribution, occurrence, properties, chemistry and circulation
of water on the earth. It includes the study of streams, rivers, lakes, etc.
 Hydrostatics: It involves the mathematical study of forces and pressures in liquids.

 Ichthyology: It is the study of fish.

 Iconography: It is a system of using images, symbolic pictures, or figures to represent a
theme or structure.
 Immunology: It deals with the study of diseases and body’s immune system and its
functions.

 Jurisprudence: It is a branch of philosophy associated with study and structure of law

and legal system.

 Lexicography: It is the science of compiling, writing and editing the dictionaries. It is

done on the basis of study of meaning, form and behavior of the words in a given
language.
 Linguistics: It incorporates the study of structure, form, sound, function, variety and
development of specific languages and human speech in general.
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 Mammalogy: It is a branch of zoology that includes the study of mammals.

 Mammography: It is a special examination breast using an X-ray. It is one of the most
effective methods for an early detection of breast cancer.
 Marine Biology: It is associated with the scientific study of living organisms in the ocean
and other brackish or marine bodies of water.
 Mathematics: It is the body of knowledge that focuses on different concepts such as
structure, quantity, change and space. It is also one of the academic disciplines.
 Mechanics: It is a branch of physics that is related to the behavior of physical bodies
after subjecting to forces or displacements and the subsequent effects of bodies on their
environment.
 Mechanical Engineering: It is a branch of engineering that includes the study of design,
construction and operation of machinery.
 Medicine: It is the science of maintaining and/or restoring human health through the
study, diagnosis and treatment with non-surgical techniques.
 Metallurgy: It is the science of extracting the metals from their ores. It also involves
purifying the metals and casting useful items from them.
 Meteorology: This branch of science involves the study of chemistry, physics and
dynamics of atmosphere and its direct effects on the earth’s surface, oceans and life on
the earth.
 Microbiology: It is a branch of biology that is concerned with the study of structure and
function of microorganisms, including bacteria, moulds and pathogenic protozoa.
 Mineralogy: It is a scientific discipline that includes the study of chemical composition,
physical properties, internal crystal structure, origin, occurrence and distribution in nature
of different minerals.
 Molecular Biology: It is a discipline of biology that includes the study of structure,
formation and function of essential macromolecules such as RNA, DNA and proteins. It
also deals with the process of replication, transcription and translation of genetic
information.
 Morphology: It is the science of structure and form of organisms, including animals,
plants and other forms of life, with special emphasis on external features.
 Mycology: It is a branch of botany that includes the study of fungi and fungal infection.
It involves the study of fungi, their taxonomy, their biochemical and genetic properties
and their use to humans as a source for food, medicine and tinder.
 Myology: This science includes the study of structure and function of muscles and
muscle tissues.
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 Nephrology: It is a discipline of medical science that focuses on diagnosis and treatment

of various kidney disorders, including fluid and mineral balance.
 Neurology: It is related to the structure, functioning and disorders of nervous system
including the brain, spinal cord, as well as related muscles, nerves and blood supplies.
 Nuclear Physics: It is a branch of physics, which includes the study of atomic nuclei,
their interaction with each other as well as with constituent particles.
 Numismatics: This branch of science deals with the study and collection of coins, paper
money, medals, tokens and similar objects.
 Nutrition: It is the study of foods and nutrients and their effect on growth, development
and health of an individual.

 Obstetrics: This branch of medicine deals with the health and care of a woman and fetus
during pregnancy, parturition and puerperium.
 Oceanography: It is the study of chemistry, physics, geology and biology of oceans in
the world.
 Odontology: It is associated with the scientific study of anatomy, development and
diseases of teeth.
 Oncology: It is associated with diagnosis and treatment of cancer and tumors.
 Oneirology: It is a scientific study of dreams and their contents.
 Ophthalmology: It is a branch of medical science that includes the study of structure,
function and diseases of the eyes, such as conjunctivitis, cataracts, glaucoma, etc.
 Optics: It is a branch of physics that focuses on the physical properties of light and
interaction of light with matter.
 Organic Chemistry: This branch of chemistry is associated with the study of carbon-
containing compounds, which includes their structure and reactions.
 Ornithology: It is a branch of zoology that includes the study of birds.
 Osteology: It is a branch of anatomy, which involves the scientific study of structure,
functions and pathology of bones.
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 Paleontology: It is a branch of biology that deals with the study of prehistoric life, based
mainly in fossils of animals and plants.
 Pathology: It is a medical discipline that is related to cause and nature of disease. It
mainly involves structural and functional changes in tissues and organs caused by the
disease.
 Particle Physics: It is a branch of physics that includes the study of particles and their
fundamental reactions.
 Pedology: It is a branch of science that deals with the study of soil, including its
formation, composition, structure and classification.
 Petrology: This science incorporates the study of history, origin, structure, occurrence
and chemical classification of rocks.
 Pharmacology: It involves the study of drugs/medications and their nature, origin,
properties as well as their effects on living organisms.
 Philately: It involves the study and collection of postage stamps.
 Philology: It is the science of language and linguistics.
 Phonetics: It is the study and classification of sounds of human speech.
 Phycology: It is a branch of botany that includes the scientific study of algae. It is also
known as algology.
 Physical Chemistry: It is a discipline of chemistry, which includes the application of
techniques and theories from physics to study the microscopic, macroscopic, atomic,
subatomic and particulate phenomena in chemical systems.
 Physics: It is a branch of science that is concerned with the study of properties and
interactions of time, space, energy and matter.
 Physiology: This branch of biology deals with the study of physical, biochemical and
mechanical functions and activities of living organisms.
 Physiography: It is the study of natural features of earth’s surface and its natural
phenomena such as climate, currents, land formation and distribution of flora and fauna.
 Plasma Physics: It is a branch of physics that deals with the study of interaction of
plasma with itself, radiation and particle beams.
 Pollution: It involves the study of undesirable changes in biological, chemical and
physical characteristics of water, air, soil or food, which can cause a number of adverse
effects on the living beings.
 Pomology: It is a branch of science that includes the study of fruits and cultivation of
fruits.
  Protozoology: It is a branch of zoology that deals with the study of protozoans.
 Psychology: It is the scientific study of mental and behavioral processes.

 Radiology: It is a medical discipline that focuses on using radiation and other radioactive
substances to diagnose and treat various diseases.

 Seismology: It is a scientific investigation of earthquakes as well as structure of the earth,

based on the study of seismic waves.
 Sericulture: It is also referred to as silk farming. It is rearing of silkworms for producing
the raw silk.
 Serpentology: It is a branch of zoology, which deals with the study of snakes.
 Sociology: It is the scientific study of society, human social interaction and social
relationships.
 Speech Therapy: It includes the evaluation and treatment of speech, language and voice
disorders. It is the rehabilitation treatment for the patients with difficulties in swallowing
or communication.
 Statics: It is the study of forces that act on the bodies at rest.
 Statistics: It is a branch of applied mathematics, associated with the collection, analysis,
explanation or interpretation and presentation of data. It can be applied to a variety of
academic disciplines, from social and natural sciences to humanities and to business and
government.

 Taxonomy: It is the science of classifying all the living things by arranging them in
groups according to their relationships with each other.
 Therapeutics: It is the science of healing or medical treatment of disease.
 Thermodynamics: It is a branch of physics which deals with general properties of
energy and matter. It includes the study of amount of work, heat and other energy related
to chemical reactions.

 Virology: It is a discipline of microbiology or pathology, which includes the study of

evolution, structure, classification and pathogenesis of viruses.

Z
  Zoology: It is a branch of biology that is related to the study of animal kingdom,
including evolution, classification, distribution, structure, habits and embryology of
animals.

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