Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
-0-&
&
!
"#$"%&'!
1. Historia del vino
"# Diccionario
!
()*+,-).!/01!2)3,!
$%&'(!)*+',*-!%.,/.0&(&!1.(!2(0%&*(!%34%,'+*,(!)%!.1%30&(!,1-01&(!%.!-(!51%!%-!6*./!
./!3%!7(--(8!)*&%,0(!/!*.)*&%,0(2%.0%8!4&%3%.0%9!-(3!(&0%38!-(!&%-*:*;.8!-(3!,*%.,*(38!
-(!%,/./2'(8!-(!(:&*,1-01&(8!%0,#!
$*01(&%2/3!-(!,1.(!)%!-(!6*0*,1-01&(!%.!-/3!0%&&*0/&*/3!51%!&/)%(.!%-!</.0%!=&(&(0!
>)%3)%!(51'!-(!6*)!3%!%?0%.)*;!4&*2%&/!4/&!%-!<%)*0%&&@.%/!A!2@3!0(&)%8!4/&!0/)/!
%-!21.)/B#!
C%3)%!D&(.3,(1,(3*(8!-(3!6*)%3!6*.'+%&(3!--%:(&/.!(!<%3/4/0(2*(8!E%.*,*(!A!
F:*40/9!D&%3!&%:*/.%3!)/.)%!%.,/.0&(2/3!,-(&/3!0%30*2/.*/3!)%!-(!,1-01&(!)%-!
6*./!)%3)%!%-!(G/!H#IJJ!(!K#!
<@3!0(&)%!(-,(.L;!31!%34-%.)/&!%.!M&%,*(!A!N/2(8!%.!%-!,1(-!(4(&%,%!%-!6*./!
,/2/!-(!O%O*)(!)%!-/3!C*/3%3#!
F.!%3(!P4/,(!2'0*,(!)%-!6*./!./!3%!4/3%'(!(Q.!%-!3%,&%0/!)%!-(!O1%.(!
%-(O/&(,*;.!)%!(7'!51%!-(3!@.+/&(3!)%!0/)(3!-(3!+/&2(3!A!,(4(,*)()%3!3*&6*%&(.!
4(&(!,/.3%&6(&!A!0&(.34/&0(&!%-!6*./#!
=!4%3(&!)%!./!&%1.*&!-(3!6*&01)%3!;40*2(38!+1%&(.!10*-*L()(3!7(30(!51%!-(!0P,.*,(!
)%-!6*)&*/!(-,(.L;!%-!)%3(&&/--/!31+*,*%.0%!4(&(!3130*01*&-(3#!
=-:1./3!)%!(51%--/3!,-@3*,/3!6*./3!2%)*0%&&@.%/3!,/.3%&6(O(.!-(!R/6%.!O1&O1R(!
)%-!(.7')&*)/!,(&O;.*,/!>+/&2()(!)*,7(!O1&O1R(!)1&(.0%!-(!+%&2%.0(,*;.B8!4/&!%3/!
-/3!&/2(./3!,/-/,(O(.!313!@.+/&(3!3/O&%!1.!4-(0/!*.,-*.()/8!)%!+/&2(!51%!%-!
6*./!41)*%3%!,/&&%&!,1(.)/!-/3!&%,*4*%.0%3!3%!(O&'(.!O(R/!-(!4&%3*;.!)%-!
(.7')&*)/!,(&O;.*,/#!
S/3!&/2(./3!%?0%.)*%&/.!%-!,1-0/!(-!6*./!4/&!0/)/!%-!T24%&*/!(-!0*%24/!51%!
*24-(.0(O(.!%-!,1-0*6/!)%!-(!6*)!%.!%-!,%.0&/!F1&/4(!7(30(!-(!,/30(!=0-@.0*,(#!
=!4(&0*&!)%-!3*:-/!UTT!,/.!-(!%?4(.3*;.!*3-@2*,(!3%!4&/)1,%!1.(!,&*3*3!+1.)(2%.0(-!
%.!-/3!6*G%)/3!2%)*0%&&@.%/3#!
C%3)%!%3%!2/2%.0/!0%.)&@!2(A/&!*24/&0(.,*(!-(!6*0*,1-01&(!)%!V/&:/G(8!
K7(24(:.%8!E-(.)%3!/!*.,-13/!-(3!)%!-(0*01)%3!,/2/!T.:-(0%&&(8!C*.(2(&,(8!%0,#!
S/3!(10P.0*,/3!3%G/&%3!)%!%30(3!,*1)()%3!2%)*%6(-%3!*24/.%.!1.!.1%6/!
,&*0%&*/8!%-!,1(-!,/.3*30%!%.!51%!%.!-(3!4/3%3*/.%3!)%!-/3!2/.(30%&*/38!(O()'(3!A!
%.,-(6%3!2/.@30*,/3!3%!%30(O-%L,(.!L/.(3!)%!4&/)1,,*;.!6*.',/-(8!%R%24-/3!)%!
%30/3!6*G%)/3!3/.!-/3!)%!$(.0/!C/2*.:/!)%!-(!K(-L()(!A!)%-!K-/3!U/1:%/0#!
K/.!%-!)%3(&&/--/!)%!-(!%,/./2'(!O1&:1%3(!(!4(&0*&!)%-!3*:-/!WT!%.!%-!X/&0%!)%!
F1&/4(!6(!(!,/2%.L(&!1.(!.1%6(!)%2(.)(!)%-!6*./8!-/!,1(-!314/.%!*.6%.0(&3%!
.1%6(3!L/.(3!6*.',/-(3!A!)%!%3(!+/&2(!3%!*.*,*(&@!-(!+101&(!+(2(!)%!-/3!6*G%)/3!
)%!V1&)%/3#!!
Y%&/!./!3;-/!0%.%2/3!(!-/3!O1&:1%3%3!3*./8!51%!0(2O*P.!-/3!&%A%3!,&*30*(./3!
*241-3(&(.!%.!0/)(!F1&/4(!%-!)%3(&&/--/!)%!-(!6*0*,1-01&(#!
U%.%,*(!3%&@!%.!%-!3*:-/!WU!%-!,%.0&/!)%!-(!%?4/&0(,*;.!)%!-/3!+(2/3/3!6*./3!51%!
3%!,1-0*6(.!%.!-(3!*3-(3!:&*%:(3#!
F.!%-!3*:-/!WUT!-/3!7/-(.)%3%3!*24/&0(&@.!:&(.!,(.0*)()!)%!6*./3!)%30*-()/3!
,/2/!(51%--/3!51%!)(&@.!/&*:%.!(-!O&(.)A8!)%3(&&/--@.)/3%!(3'!-(3!4&*2%&(3!
*.)130&*(3!)%!K/:.(,!A!)%!=&2(:G(,#!
=!4(&0*&!)%-!3*:-/!WUTTT!3%!6(.!(!4&%/,14(&!)%!4&/2/,*/.(&!-(!*24-(.0(,*;.!)%!-(3!
,%4(3!()(40()(3!(!,()(!0%&&%./8!4%&+%,,*/.(&!-(3!0P,.*,(3!)%!6*.*+*,(,*;.!A!
%24%L(&(.!(!%?4%&*2%.0(&!-(3!(&0%3!)%!-(!,&*(.L(#!
M&(,*(3!(!0/)(3!%30(3!4&%/,14(,*/.%3!-/3!7/-(.)%3%3!,/.51*30(&@.!%-!2%&,()/!
O&*0@.*,/!A!,/2%.L(&@!1.!+101&/!4&%30*:*/!4(&(!-/3!0*.0/3!)%!V1&)%/3#!
=!2%)*()/3!)%-!3*:-/!WTW!-(!6*0*,1-01&(!%34(G/-(!)%O%!4-(.0%(&3%!1.(!
2/)*+*,(,*;.!%.!0/)/3!-/3!(34%,0/3!)%!)*,7(!2(0%&*(8!%3!)%,*&8!)%O%.!3%-%,,*/.(&!
-(3!6(&*%)()%3!6*.'+%&(3!*);.%(3!4(&(!-(!4&/)1,,*;.!)%!,(-*)()8!*)%.0*+*,(&!A!%-%:*&!
-/3!2%R/&%3!6*G%)/38!2%R/&(&!-/3!2P0/)/3!)%!%-(O/&(,*;.!A!)%!,&*(.L(!%!*.,-13/!
(O&*&!-/3!2%&,()/3!+&%.0%!(!1.(!,/24%0%.,*(!*24-(,(O-%#!
Y(&(-%-(2%.0%8!%-!3(O*/!S/1*3!Y(30%1&!*.*,*;!1.(!3%&*%!)%!%301)*/3!3/O&%!-/3!
4&/,%3/3!)%!+%&2%.0(,*;.8!(3'!,/2/!%.+%&2%)()%3!51%!-/!(-0%&(O(.8!A!,/.!%--/!
3%!)*/!/&*:%.!(-!/&*:%.!)%!-(!2/)%&.(!F./-/:'(#!
F.!F34(G(!3%!314/!(4&/6%,7(&!(-:1.(3!*.6%30*:(,*/.%3!&%(-*L()(3!4/&!Y(30%1&!
3/O&%!-(!,&*(.L(!A!(!2*0()!)%-!3*:-/!WTW!.(,%.!(-:1.(3!)%!.1%30&(3!O/)%:(3!
7*30;&*,(39!0(-%3!,/2/!-(3!O/)%:(3!%.!-(!N*/R(#!
F-!3*:-/!WTW!+1%!1.!3*:-/!21A!*24/&0(.0%!4(&(!.1%30&(3!6*)%3!7(30(!51%!3/O&%!
Z#[[J!,(3*!0/)(3!-(3!6*)%3!31+&*%&/.!-/3!(L/0%3!)%!.12%&/3(3!4-(:(38!,/2/!4/&!
%R%24-/!-(!+*-/?%&(!51%!,(13;!-(!&1*.(!)%!21,7(3!)%!.1%30&(3!+(2*-*(3!A!)%!
.1%30&/3!6*./3#!
F-!3*:-/!WW!0&(%!,/.3*:/!1.(!&%./6(,*;.!*)%/-;:*,(!A!0%,./-;:*,(!)%!-(!,1-01&(!)%-!
6*./!(!+*.!)%!)%6/-6%&-%!31!2%&%,*)/!4&%30*:*/#!
C%.0&/!)%!-(3!*)%(3!&%./6()(3!4/)%2/3!7(O-(&!)%!-/3!2/)%&./3!%51*4/3!)%!
+%&2%.0(,*;.!(!0%24%&(01&(!,/.0&/-()(8!-(3!,1O(3!)%!(,%&/!*./?*)(O-%!51%!
4%&2*0%.!-(!%-(O/&(,*;.!)%!6*./3!2@3!(&/2@0*,/38!-(3!-%6()1&(3!3%-%,,*/.()(3!
51%!4%&2*0%.!-(!2@3!41&(!+%&2%.0(,*;.!)%!-/3!6*./3!%3412/3/3#!
\/A!%.!)'(!4/)%2/3!)%,*&!51%!.1%30&/3!6*./3!3%!7(.!:(.()/!%-!&%34%0/!A!%-!
*.0%&P3!)%!-/3!:&(.)%3!2%&,()/3!*.0%&.(,*/.(-%3#!
4.!5)/!
S(!6*)8!(&O130/!)%-!:P.%&/!U*0*3!>O/0@.*,(B8!%3!1.(!4-(.0(!51%!41%)%!%?0%.)%&3%!
7/&*L/.0(-2%.0%!3/O&%!%-!31%-/!/!4/&!%-!,/.0&(&*/8!,&%,%&#!$13!7/R(3!3%!*.3%&0(.!
%.!-/3!3(&2*%.0/3!2%)*(.0%!4%,'/-/3!A!-/3!:&(./3!)%!16(3!3%!(:&14(.!(-&%)%)/&!
)%-!4(-*--/#!D/)/!%30%!%.6/-0/&*/!)%!,%4(38!4@24(./3!A!&(,*2/3!%3!-/!51%!
,/.+*:1&(!1.(!6*)!/!6*G%)/8!4&/)1,0/&!)%-!)/&()/!&(,*2/!)%!16(3#!
Y(&(!51%!-(!4-(.0(!41%)(!,&%,%&8!-(!&('L!0*%.%!51%!%.,/.0&(&!-(!712%)()!
.%,%3(&*(!%.!%-!31%-/#!C%!(7'!,/:%!-(!&*51%L(!2*.%&(-!A!.10&*0*6(!.%,%3(&*(!4(&(!
51%!-(!4-(.0(!--%:1%!(!31!)%3(&&/--/!A!2()1&%L!;40*2(!A!31!+&10/!41%)(!)(&!1.!
4&/)1,0/!)%!,(-*)()#!=3*2*32/!%.!-(!4%&3/.(-*)()!)%!1.!O1%.!6*./!*.+-1A%.!/0&/3!
%-%2%.0/39!-(!0*%&&(8!%-!,-*2(8!%-!7/2O&%#!
%)61,!2070+.+)5,!
$*!0/2(2/3!1.!,(-%.)(&*/]!%.!,()(!2%3!3%!/O3%&6(!1.(!+1.,*;.!,(&(,0%&'30*,(!
)%!-(!6*)9!C*,*%2O&%!+(3%!)%!&%4/3/#!F.%&/!-(!4-(.0(,*;.!)%!-(!,%4(#!E%O&%&/!
4/)(!)%!-(!U*)#!<(&L/!-/3!*.R%&0/3#!=O&*-!3%!*.*,*(!%-!,&%,*2*%.0/!,/.!-(!O&/0(,*;.#!
<(A/!0&(0(2*%.0/3!(.0*,&*40/:@2*,/3#!^1.*/!+(3%!)%!-(!+-/&(,*;.#!^1-*/!&%,/./,%&!
/!%?(2*.(&!-/3!6*G%)/3#!=:/30/!,/2*%.L(!-(!2()1&%L8!,/.!%-!%.6%&/8!,/-/&!51%!
6(.!0/2(.)/!-(3!16(3!(-!2()1&(&#!$%40*%2O&%!-(!6%.)*2*(#!_,01O&%!(O/.()/!)%!
-/3!,(24/3#!F.!X/6*%2O&%!3%!,/-/,(.!-/3!4/30%3!A!(-(2O&%3#!D/)/!%30%!,*,-/!3%!
&%(-*L(!%.!4('3%3!)%-!7%2*3+%&*/!./&0%#!
8.6+,-0*!9:0!)3;1:<03!03!1.!6.1)/./=!
S/3!+(,0/&%3!51%!*.+-1A%.!%.!-(!,(-*)()!A!%-!%30*-/!)%!-/3!6*./3!3/.!21A!,/.,&%0/3!
A!-/,(-*L(O-%3]!)%!(7'!51%!.1.,(!3%!41%)%!)%,*&!51%!)/3!6*./3!3/.!*:1(-%3#!
C*,7/3!+(,0/&%3!3/.9!
• Variedad de la uva.
• Localización del viñedo (suelo, clima, altitud).
• Métodos del cultivo.
• Sistemas de elaboración y crianza.
• Diferencias producidas por la añada.
4.!%0>.!
`./!)%!-/3!+(,0/&%3!51%!*.0%&6*%.%.!%.!-(!,(-*)()!)%!-/3!6*./3!%3!-(!,%4(#!$%:Q.!
3%(!-(!,%4(!>6(&*%)()B!)%0%&2*.(&@!-(!%-(O/&(,*;.!)%!6*./3!)*+%&%.0%38!(1.51%!
3%(.!6*+'%)/3!,1-0*6()/3!%.!-(3!2*32(3!&%:*/.%3!A!31%-/3#!N%31-0(!)%,*3*6(!-(!
*.+-1%.,*(!)%-!31%-/!%.!-(!6*)(!)%!-(!,%4(8!%.!0%&&%./3!(&%./3/3!A!3*-',%/3!-/3!
6*./3!3%&@.!+*./38!)%!4/,/!,1%&4/8!2*%.0&(3!51%&(2/3!6*./3!&/O130/3!)%!2@3!
,1%&4/!-(3!0*%&&(3!3%&@.!(&,*--/3(3!A!,(-,@&%(3#!
!!
?01.6)@3!03+-0!1.!6.1)/./!/01!*:01,!<!01!5)3,!
Tipos de Suelo! Calidad de vino!
!!
&1!%1)A.!
F-!K-*2(!*.+-1A%!%.!-(3!,1(-*)()%3!)%-!6*./8!%.!L/.(3!,/.!21,7/!3/-!313!6*./3!
3%&@.!2@3!&*,/3!%.!(LQ,(&8!%.!L/.(3!+&'(3!3%&@.!@,*)/3!A!3%,/3#!
S/3!,-*2(3!0%24-()/3!3/.!-/3!2%R/&%3!4(&(!%-!)%3(&&/--/!)%!-(!6*)8!-(!6*)!6*.'+%&(8!
,/2/!%3!1.(!4-(.0(!2%)*0%&&@.%(!./!41%)%!,1-0*6(&3%!%.!,-*2(3!%?0&%2/3#!
S(3!@&%(3!)%-!,1-0*6/!)%!-(!6*)!3%!,/.,%.0&(.!%.!)/3!+&(.R(3!,/24&%.)*)(3!%.0&%!
-/3!aJb!A!IJb!)%!-(0*01)!%.!(2O/3!7%2*3+%&*/3#!
4.!)A>,-+.36).!/0!1.!6.1)/./!/01!5)3,!03!1.!>,/.!
F-!3%,&%0/!)%!-(!4/)(!&()*,(!%.!,/.3%:1*&!51%!-(!4-(.0(!2(.0%.:(!1.(!,(&:(!
;40*2(9!1.!.Q2%&/!)%!&(,*2/3!-*2*0()/!4(&(!51%!./!3%!&%3*%.0(!-(!,(-*)()!)%!-(!
6%.)*2*(#!
S(!4/)(!)%0%&2*.(!-(!+/&2(!)%!-(!4-(.0(!A!31!2/&+/-/:'(!%?0%&.(8!4/&!%3/!,1(.0/!
2%./3!A%2(3!0*%.%!1.(!6*)8!2@3!+1%&0%!3%&@!P30(!A!2%R/&!&%3*30*&@!-/3!&*:/&%3!)%!
-/3!,-*2(3!+&'/3!,/2/!-(3!7%-()(3#!
S(!4/)(!+1.)(2%.0(-2%.0%!3%!&%(-*L(!%.!*.6*%&./!51%!%3!,1(.)/!-(!3(6*(!./!
,*&,1-(#!=!6%,%3!%3!.%,%3(&*(!1.(!3%:1.)(!4/)(!--(2()(!4/)(!6%&)%!A!51%!3%!
&%(-*L(!(-!,/2*%.L/!)%!-(!4&*2(6%&(!%.!%-!,(3/!)%!51%!71O*%&(.!,&%,*)/!21,7/!
-/3!O&/0%3!)%!-(!6*)#!
<P0/)/3!)%!4/)(9!
c!F.!6(3/9!F3!-(!2%./3!10*-*L()(!A!,/.3*30%!%.!+/&2(&!,%4(3!O(R(3!,/.!0&%3!/!
,1(0&/!O&(L/3!,/.!41-:(&%3#!
c!F.!,/&);.9!$%!,/.3*:1%!1.!0(--/!21A!-(&:/8!O&(L/3!,/&0/3!51%!0%&2*.(.!%.!
3(&2*%.0/3!)%!1.!4(&!)%!A%2(3#!
c!F.!4(-2%0(9!%3!-(!2@3!7(O*01(-8!3%!-%!)%R(!(!-(!4-(.0(!1.!0(--/!,/&0/!,/.!O&(L/3!
./!21A!-(&:/3!4%&/!6*3*O-%3#!
4,*!6,A>,303+0*!/0!1.!:5.!!
Y(&(!)%0%&2*.(&!-(!,(-*)()!)%-!6*./!A!%-!6/-12%.!)%!-(!,/3%,7(!)/3!3/.!-/3!
+(,0/&%3!)%,*3*6/39!F-!,&%,*2*%.0/!A!-(!2()1&(,*;.!)%!-(!16(#!
S(3!16(3!3%!7(A(.!(:&14()(3!%.!&(,*2/8!1.*)(3!(-!&(34;.!4/&!4%,*/-/3!
*.)*6*)1(-%3#!F-!&(34;.!A!-/3!:&(./3!3/.!-/3!,/24/.%.0%3!+1.)(2%.0(-%3!)%-!
&(,*2/#!
M&(,*(3!(-!&(34;.!4/)%2/3!3(O%&!51P!3130(.,*(3!3%!4/)&@.!*.,/&4/&(&!(-!6*./!
4/30%&*/&2%.0%8!)1&(.0%!-(!+%&2%.0(,*;.#!
N%34%,0/!(!-(!16(8!7(A!51%!3%G(-(&!51%!313!:&(./3!%30@.!,/241%30/3!4/&!
4*%-%38!41-4(!A!3%2*--(3!/!4%4*0(3!
S/3!(&/2(3!)%!-(!16(!%30@.!(-2(,%.()/3!%.!313!7/--%R/3#!Y/&!%3/!-(!%30&1,01&(!
)%!-(!%4*)%&2*3!*.+-1A%!%.!-(!,/.,%.0&(,*;.!(&/2@0*,(!)%-!6*./#!S(3!
,(&(,0%&'30*,(3!)%-!(&/2(!A!31!*.0%.3*)()!41%)%.!3%&!21A!)*+%&%.0%3!A!3/.!-/3!
51%!3%G(-(.!)*+%&%.,*(3!)%!0/)/3!A!,()(!1./!)%!-/3!6*./3#!
S(3!3%2*--(3!/!4%4*0(3!(4/&0(.!1.(!4%51%G(!4&/4/&,*;.!)%!0(.*./3!>3130(.,*(3!
51%!)(!,(&@,0%&!(-!6*./!A!4%&2*0%!31!,/.3%&6(,*;.B#!
F.!-/!&%+%&%.0%!(-!,/-/&!4/)%2/3!)%,*&!51%!,()(!6(&*%)()!)%!,%4(!0*%.%!1.!,/-/&!
,(&(,0%&'30*,/!-/,(-*L()/!%.!-(!4*%-!A!7/--%R/38!51%!3%!%?0&(%!)1&(.0%!-(!
+%&2%.0(,*;.!(-,/7;-*,(#!
S(!-1L!A!-(!0%24%&(01&(!*.+-1A%.!./0(O-%2%.0%!%.!%30(!,/-/&(,*;.8!41)*P.)/3%!
(4&%,*(&!)*+%&%.,*(3!%.0&%!-/3!:&(./3!51%!7(.!2()1&()/!(!-(!3/2O&(!A!-/3!51%!-/!
7(.!7%,7/!%?41%30/3!(-!3/-#!
F-!3(O/&!)%!1.!6*./!)%4%.)%!)%!-/3!(LQ,(&%3!A!-/3!@,*)/38!)%-!:&()/!)%!(2(&:/&!
)%-!,(-)/!A!)%!-/3!0(.*./3#!
Y/&!-/!0(.0/8!0/)/3!%30/3!+(,0/&%3!*.0%:&(.!%-!--(2()/!d,(&@,0%&!6(&*%0(-d!)%-!6*./8!
%3!)%,*&8!%-!%30*-/!4&/4*/!)%!,()(!6(&*%)()#!
X/!0/)(3!-(3!6(&*%)()%3!)%!16(!*24&*2%.!,(&@,0%&!A(!51%!%?*30%!/!2%R/&!)*,7/!
./3/0&/3!4/)%2/3!,-(3*+*,(&-(3!%.!)/3!,(0%:/&'(39!
c!C%!2%3(#!
c!U*.*+*,(O-%3#!
S(3!16(3!)%!2%3(!3%!,/.312%.!%.!+&%3,/!/!%.!+/&2(!)%!4(3(3#!
S(3!16(3!6*.*+*,(O-%3]!)%!%--(3!3%!%?4&*2%!%-!2/30/!51%!4/&!+%&2%.0(,*;.!3%!
,/.6*%&0%!%.!6*./#!!
F?*30%.!2*-%3!)%!6(&*%)()%3!6*.'+%&(3!%.!%-!,(4'01-/!)%!-/3!6*G%)/3!)%-!21.)/#!!
=!,/.0*.1(,*;.!3%!41%)%.!6%&!-(3!4&*.,*4(-%3!6(&*%)()%3!./O-%3!*.0%&.(,*/.(-%3!
O-(.,(3!A!0*.0(3#!
`U=$!VS=XK=$!
=*&P.!
U(&*%)()!0'4*,(2%.0%!2(.,7%:(8!/,14(!-(!2(A/&!%?0%.3*;.!21.)*(-!
=-O(&*G/!
K1-0*6()(!%.!M(-*,*(8!4&/)1,%!6*./3!21A!(+&10()/3#!
K7(&)/..(A!
C%!/&*:%.!O/&:/G/.8!313!6*./3!3%!,(&(,0%&*L(.!4/&!31!(&/2(!(-:/!(712()/#!$1!
(-0/!%30&(,0/!3%,/!A!31!%3,(3/!.*6%-!)%!/?*)(,*;.!-(!7(,%.!*);.%(!4(&(!%-!
%.6%R%,*2*%.0/!%.!2()%&(!
\/.)(&&(O*!L1&*!O-(.,(!A!N/.)(&&(O*!O%-0L(!0*.0(!
U(&*%)()%3!21A!(&/2@0*,(3!A!,/.!:&(.!%?0&(,0/8!4&/4/&,*/.(.!(-!0?(e/-'!1.(!
1.01/3*)()!,(&(,0%&'30*,(#!=-!4(&%,%&8!%30(3!)/3!6(&*%)()%3!./!3/.!%?(,0(2%.0%!
(10;,0/.(38!(1.51%!3%!7(.!()(40()/!4%&+%,0(2%.0%!(-!0%&&%./!/+&%,*%.)/!
,(&(,0%&'30*,(3!.1%6(3!
<(-6(3'(!
_&*:*.(!6*./3!,/.!0/./3!4(R*L/3!A!4@-*)/3!51%!&@4*)(2%.0%!%6/-1,*/.(.!7(,*(!%-!
)/&()/8!,/.!(&/2(3!+&10(-%3!4(&0*,1-(&%3#!
M(&.(,7(!O-(.,(!
U(&*%)()!O(30(.0%!&Q30*,(8!,1-0*6()(!%.!L/.(3!+&%3,(3!4&/)1,%!6*./3!-*:%&/38!
(:&()(O-%3!A!@,*)/3!
N*%3-*.:!
_&*:*.(&*(!)%-!./&0%!)%!F1&/4(8!)(!6*./3!3%,/38!(+&10()/3!A!+&%3,/3!
U*1&(!/!<(,(O%/!
U(&*%)()!0'4*,(2%.0%!2%)*0%&&@.%(8!4&/)1,%!6*./3!4(R*L/3!A!4@-*)/38!,/.!(&/2(3!
0%.1%3!A!3%)1,0/&%3]!+&%3,/38!@,*)/3!A!,/.!,1%&4/8!*)%(-%3!0(.0/!4(&(!-(!
%-(O/&(,*;.!)%!O-(.,/3!R;6%.%3!A!+%&2%.0()/3!%.!O(&&*,(!,/2/!4(&(!,&*(.L(!
U%&)%R/!
F3!-(!16(!O-(.,(!)%!N1%)(!A!)%!-(!N*O%&(!)%-!C1%&/#!$13!6*./3!R;6%.%38!)%!,/-/&!
(2(&*--/!6%&)/3/8!4/3%%.!1.!(&/2(!21A!(+&10()/!A!1.!:&(.!%?0&(,0/!
`U=$!DTXD=$!
V/O(-!
Y/3%%!1.!*.0%.3/!,/-/&8!:&(.!(,*)%L!A!4/,/!:&()/!
K(O%&.%0!3(16*:./.!
U(&*%)()!0'4*,(!)%!-/3!0*.0/3!)%!V1&)%/38!4&/)1,%!6*./3!21A!O1%./3!4(&(!
,&*(.L(8!)%!*.0%.3/!,/-/&!A!(&/2(!)%!6*/-%0(3!A!O(A(3#!
M(&.(,7(!0*.0(!
F.!-(3!L/.(3!2@3!,@-*)(3!A!3%,(3!313!16(3!(-,(.L(.!1.(!O1%.(!2()1&(,*;.8!
)(.)/!-1:(&!(!6*./3!,/.!%?,%-%.0%!:&()/!(-,/7;-*,/!A!21,7/!%?0&(,0/#!
M&(,*(./!
Y&/)1,%!6*./3!)%!,/-/&!&/R/!6*6/8!(1.51%!,/.!0%.)%.,*(!(!-(!/?*)(,*;.8!,/.!1.!
/-/&!21A!+*./#!$%!10*-*L(!,/.R1.0(2%.0%!,/.!/0&(3!6(&*%)()%3!0*.0(3!%.!-/3!6*./3!
)%!,&*(.L(!4/&!%-!(4/&0%!)%!313!,(&(,0%&'30*,/3!(&/2(3!O(-3@2*,/3#!
<(L1%-/!
$13!6*./3!4&%3%.0(.!O(R(!:&()1(,*;.8!%-%6()(!,/.,%.0&(,*;.!)%!0(.*./3!A!1.(!
./0(O-%!(,*)%L8!&%31-0(.)/!%-!,/24-%2%.0/!*)%(-!4(&(!-/3!6*./3!%-(O/&()/3!,/.!
0%24&(.'--/#!
<%&-/0!
U(&*%)()!0&()*,*/.(-!)%-!<P)/,!+&(.,P38!:%.%&(-2%.0%!3%!10*-*L(!2%L,-()(!4(&(!
&%)/.)%(&!-/3!6*./3!A!(,%-%&(&!31!,&*(.L(#!
Y*./0!./*&!
K%4(!,-@3*,(!)%!V/&:/G(!A!K7(24(:.%8!4&/)1,%8!%.!,-*2(!(4&/4*()/8!
%34-P.)*)/3!6*./3!0*.0/3#!
D%24&(.*--/!
S/3!6*./3!R;6%.%3!4&%3%.0(.!1.!*.0%.3/!,/-/&!&/R/!,/.!0/./3!6*/-@,%/38!*.0%.3/3!
(&/2(3!+&10(-%3!0'4*,/3!>,/.!+/.)/!)%!2/&(3B!A!4(-()(&!+&%3,/!A!%51*-*O&()/#!K/.!
-(!,&*(.L(8!31!,/-/&!3%!0/&.(!&/R/!&1O'!0%R(!A!31!(&/2(!()51*%&%!-/3!2(0*,%3!
(4/&0()/3!4/&!-(!2()%&(8!3*.!%-*2*.(&!-/3!+&10(-%3!)%!-(!16(8!&%31-0(.)/!6*./3!21A!
&%)/.)/3!A!%51*-*O&()/3#!
"#$%&'()*)#!!
F3!-(!/4%&(,*;.!51%!0*%.%!4/&!/OR%0/!&%,/:%&!-(!16(!)%!-(3!6*G(3!4(&(!4&/,%)%&!(!
-(!%?0&(,,*;.!)%-!2/30/!A!(!-(!6*.*+*,(,*;.#!
S(!6%.)*2*(!%3!1.(!)%!-(3!)%,*3*/.%3!2@3!)%-*,()(3!)%!-(!6*0*,1-01&(8!A(!51%!%.!
-(!%-%,,*;.!*.+-1*&@!%-!0*4/!)%!6*./!51%!3%!6(!(!%-(O/&(&8!%3!)%,*&8!-/3!0&(O(R/3!)%!-(!
6*G(!./!3%!-*2*0(.!(!/O0%.%&!1.(!O1%.(!,/3%,7(!)%!16(]!3*!./!(!,/.3%:1*&!%-!
/OR%0*6/!4&*2/&)*(-!51%!,/.3*30%!%.!-(!%-(O/&(,*;.!)%!d1.!)%0%&2*.()/!0*4/!)%!
6*./d#!
Y(&(!/O0%.%&!6*./3!O-(.,/3!+&%3,/38!-(!6%.)*2*(!)%O%&@!7(,%&3%!(.0%3!)%!-(!
2()1&%L!+*3*/-;:*,(8!,/.!4/30%&*/&*)()!(!%--(!4(&(!-/:&(&!6*./3!0*.0/3!,/-/&%()/3!A!
%.!%-!0&(.3,1&3/!)%!-(!3/O&%2()1&(,*;.!4(&(!-/3!6*./3!-*,/&/3/3#!
"#$+)'),)-#-).'!
F-!6*./!3%!/O0*%.%!)%!-(!16(!2%)*(.0%!%-!4&/,%3/!)%!-(!6*.*+*,(,*;.#!S(3!
6%.)*2*(3!)%!-(3!)*+%&%.0%3!6(&*%)()%3!)%!16(3!A!)%!-(3!)*30*.0(3!4(&,%-(3!3%!
6*.*+*,(.!4/&!3%4(&()/#!
F30%!3%!*.*,*(!,/.!%-!4*3()/!/!%30&1R()/8!51%!0&(.3+/&2(!-(!16(!%.!2/30/]!)*,7/!
2/30/!4(3(!-1%:/!(!-/3!-(:(&%38!)/.)%!)(!,/2*%.L/!-(!+%&2%.0(,*;.8!)1&(.0%!-(!
,1(-!4/&!2%)*/!)%!-(!%.L*2(!4&/)1,*)(!4/&!-/3!2*,%0%38!-/3!(LQ,(&%3!3/.!
)%3,/241%30/3!%.!(-,/7/-!A!(.7')&*)/!,(&O;.*,/#!
`.(!6%L!,%3()(!-(!+%&2%.0(,*;.!-%.0(!)%-!6*./!%.!-(3!,1O(38!3%!*.*,*(.!-/3!
0&(36(3%3!A!(!,/.0*.1(,*;.!3%!4&/,%)%!(-!%2O/0%--(2*%.0/8!51%!41%)%!%30(&!
4&%,%)*)/!/!3%:1*)/!4/&!1.!4&/,%3/!)%!4(30%1&*L(,*;.#!
$%:Q.!313!,(&(,0%&'30*,(3!3%!)*30*.:1%.!6(&*/3!0*4/3!)%!6*./39!
/01-&21$(&$3#$%)'),)-#-).'$4%)'12$5)'5126!!
S/3!6*./3!0*.0/3!.%,%3*0(.!%-!(4/&0%!,/-/&%()/!)%!-/3!(.0/,*(./3!)%!-(!16(!
>4*:2%.0/3!)%!,/-/&!&/R/!(2/&(0()/!,/.0%.*)/3!%.!%-!7/--%R/!)%!-(3!16(3!0*.0(3B#!
F30/3!3%!/O0*%.%.!%?,-13*6(2%.0%!4/&!+%&2%.0(,*;.!)%-!2/30/#!
S(!6*.*+*,(,*;.!,/.30(!)%!,1(0&/!+(3%3!O*%.!)*+%&%.,*()(3!%.0&%!3'9!
•
• Las operaciones mecánicas (estrujado, despalillado, etc.)
•
• El encubado del mosto (fermentación alcohólica y maceración).
•
• El descube y prensado de orujos.
•
• La fermentación maloláctica.
!!
F-!%30&1R()/!%3!-(!/4%&(,*;.!2%)*(.0%!-(!,1(-!3%!%?0&(%!%-!2/30/!)%-!:&(./!)%!
16(#!
F-!)%34(-*--()/!,/.3*30%!%.!%-*2*.(&!-/3!&(34/.%3#!
F.!%-!%.,1O()/!3%!,/-/,(!-(!4(30(!)%!-(!6%.)*2*(!%.!)%4;3*0/3!4(&(!&%(-*L(&!-(!
+%&2%.0(,*;.!A!-(!2(,%&(,*;.#K1(.)/!-(!2(0%&*(!,/-/&(.0%8!%-!0(.*./!A!-/3!
(&/2(3!4(3(.!(-!%30()/!-'51*)/8!3%!%30@!,124-*%.)/!%-!4&/,%3/!)%!-(!
2(,%&(,*;.#!
D(2O*P.!%?*30%!-(!2(,%&(,*;.!,(&O;.*,(8!51%!3%!&%(-*L(!6%&0*%.)/!-(!6%.)*2*(!
%.0%&(!3*.!)%34(-*--(&!%.!1.!)%4;3*0/!7%&2P0*,/!%6*0(.)/!%.!-(!2%)*)(!)%!-/!
4/3*O-%!51%!3%!&/24(.!-/3!:&(./3!)%!16(#!
`.(!6%L!&%(-*L()(!%30(!/4%&(,*;.!3%!&%--%.(!%-!%34(,*/!-*O&%!,/.!:(3!,(&O;.*,/!A!
3%!)%R(!2(,%&(&#!
F-!4&%.3()/!)%!-/3!6*./3!3%!&%(-*L(!)%341P3!)%!-(!+%&2%.0(,*;.#!S(!)1&(,*;.!)%!
-(!+%&2%.0(,*;.!A!)%!-(!2(,%&(,*;.!)%0%&2*.(!%-!,(&@,0%&!0@.*,/!)%-!6*./!0*.0/!A!
%.!,/.3%,1%.,*(8!31!(40*01)!4(&(!-(!,/.3%&6(,*;.!A!,&*(.L(#!
`.(!6%L!(,(O()(!-(!+%&2%.0(,*;.c2(,%&(,*;.8!3%!4&/,%)%!(!%-*2*.(&!-/3!/&1R/38!
,/2/!%30/3!/&1R/3!,/.0*%.%.!1.(!(4&%,*(O-%!,(.0*)()!)%!2/30/!3%!3/2%0%.!(!1.!
.1%6/!4&%.3()/8!%?0&(A%.)/!(3'!%-!6*./!)%!4&%.3(#!
Y(&(!-/3!6*./3!)%!,(-*)()8!%-!6*./!3%!,/-/,(!%.!O(&&*,(3!)%!&/O-%!A!3%!)%R(!2@3!/!
2%./3!0*%24/!4(&(!51%!6(A(!0&(.3+/&2@.)/3%!A!2%R/&(.)/#!
=.0%3!)%!3%&!%2O/0%--()/38!-/3!6*./3!)%!)*+%&%.0%3!6(&*%)()%3!3%!2%L,-(.!%.!
4&/4/&,*/.%3!)*30*.0(3!4(&(!,/.3%:1*&!%-!,(-)/!)%+*.*0*6/#!
Y/&!Q-0*2/8!A!(.0%3!)%!%24%L(&!-(!2()1&(,*;.!%.!O/0%--(8!3%!%30(O*-*L(.!-/3!
,/24/.%.0%3!.(01&(-%3!)%-!6*./#!
/01-&21$(&$3#$%)'),)-#-).'$4%)'12$73#'-126!!
Y(&(!-(!/O0%.,*;.!)%!6*./3!O-(.,/3!3%!10*-*L(.!2/30/3!51%!3%!7(,%.!+%&2%.0(&!
3*.!-/3!7/--%R/3!A!-(3!4%4*0(3#!
F-!4&%.3()/!)%!-/3!6*./3!O-(.,/3!3%!)%O%!)%!&%(-*L(&!,/.!312/!,1*)()/!4(&(!
%?0&(%&!2/30/3!-*O&%3!)%!0(.*./3!A!)%!(,%*0%3!6%:%0(-%3!51%!)(G(&'(.!-(!,(-*)()!
)%-!6*./8!4/&!0(-!2/0*6/!3%!7(,%!(.0%3!)%!-(!+%&2%.0(,*;.!A!./!3%!&%(-*L(!%-!
4&/,%3/!)%!)%34(-*--()/!A!(3'8!(-!4&%.3(&!-/3!&(34/.%3!(A1)(.!(!51%!%-!2/30/!
&%3O(-%!,/.!2@3!+(,*-*)()#!
F3!4/3*O-%!(4-*,(&!31,%3*6(3!4&%.3()(3!(!-(!16(!O-(.,(!A!(!-/3!/&1R/3!0*.0/38!
41)*P.)/3%!)*30*.:1*&!4/30%&*/&2%.0%!-/3!6*./3!)%!4&*2%&(8!3%:1.)(!A!0%&,%&(!
4&%.3()(#!
F.!%30%!3%.0*)/!7(A!51%!0%.%&!%.!,1%.0(!51%!,1(.0(3!2@3!4&%.3()(3!3%!
&%(-*,%.8!4%/&!,(-*)()!0%.)&@!%-!&%31-0()/#!
N%312%.!)%-!4&/,%3/!)%!%-(O/&(,*;.!)%-!6*./!O-(.,/#!
• El prensado.
• La fermentación alcohólica.
F-!2/30/!3%!0&(.3+/&2(!%.!6*./!4/&!(,,*;.!)%!-(3!-%6()1&(3!%.!1.(!/!)/3!
3%2(.(3#Y(&(!%30%!4&/,%3/!3%!10*-*L(.!)%4;3*0/3!)%!(,%&/!*./?*)(O-%!51%!
4%&2*0%.!2(.0%.%&!1.(3!,/.)*,*/.%3!*)%(-%3!)%!7*:*%.%!A!1.!,/.0&/-!%30&*,0/!)%!
-(!0%24%&(01&(#!
=-:1./3!6*./3!O-(.,/3!51%!,/.0*%.%.!)/3*3!%-%6()(3!)%!@,*)/!2@-*,/!3%!
3/2%0%.!(!1.(!3%:1.)(!+%&2%.0(,*;.!--(2()(!d2(-/-@,0*,(d8!-(!,1(-!0&(.3+/&2(!
%-!)1&/!@,*)/!2@-*,/!%.!31(6%!A!3%)/3/!@,*)/!-@,0*,/#!
!!
B-,60*,!/0!5)3);)6.6)@3!/0!1,*!5)3,*!-,*./,*=!
F.!-(!.(01&(-%L(!./!(O1.)(.!-(3!16(3!&/3()(3#!Y%&/!%?*30%!1.(!6(&*%)()!)%!16(!
&/3()(#!
S(!,%4(!Y/1-3(&)!51%!3%!10*-*L(!4(&(!-(!4&/)1,,*;.!)%!6*./3!&/3()/3]!,/2/!%-!
,1-0*6/!)%!%30(!6(&*%)()!)%!16(!%3!41&(2%.0%!-/,(-!A!(.%,);0*,/!./!7(A!2@3!
&%2%)*/!51%!&%,1&&*&!(-!4*:2%.0/!)%!-(3!16(3!0*.0(3#!
S/3!6*./3!&/3()/3!3%!%-(O/&(.!(!4(&0*&!)%!1.(3!0*.0(3!/!)%!1.(!2%L,-(!)%!0*.0/3!A!
O-(.,/38!)%341P3!)%!51%!313!2/30/3!7(A(.!+%&2%.0()/!3*.!-/3!/&1R/38!-/!,1(-!-%3!
)(!31!,/-/&!,(&(,0%&'30*,/#!
S(!%-(O/&(,*;.!)%-!6*./!&/3()/!3%!41%)%!7(,%&!)%!0&%3!2(.%&(3!21A!)*+%&%.0%3!
%.0&%!3'9!
Y/&!3(.:&()/#!
S(3!6%.)*2*(3!0*.0(3!3%!2(,%&(.!)1&(.0%!1.(3!7/&(38!7(30(!51%!-/3!2/30/3!
()51*%&(.!%-!,/-/&!)%3%()/#S1%:/!3%!3(.:&(!-(!,1O(8!3%!%?0&(%!%-!2/30/!A!3%!-%!
)%R(!4&/3%:1*&!31!+%&2%.0(,*;.!,/2/!3%!7(,%!,/.!-/3!6*./3!O-(.,/3#!
Y/&!4&%.3()/#!
S(3!16(3!0*.0(3!3%!4&%.3(.!4(&(!/O0%.%&!%-!2/30/!,/-/&%()/#!$%!2%L,-(.!-/3!
2/30/3!%?0&(')/3!)%-!%3,1&&*)/!A!)%-!4&%.3()/!A!(!,/.0*.1(,*;.!3%!+%&2%.0(.!
,/2/!-/3!6*./3!O-(.,/3]!(1.51%!3%!41%)%!)*+%&%.,*(&!-/3!&/3()/3!4/&!4&%.3()/!A!
-/3!&/3()/3!4/&!%3,1&&*)/#!
Y/&!%3,1&&*)/!
C%4%.)*%.)/!)%!-(!6(&*%)()!)%!-(!16(!3%(!O-(.,(!/!0*.0(!3%!&%(-*L(&@!%-!2*32/!
4&/,%3/!)%!6*.*+*,(,*;.!%.!O-(.,/!/!-(!6*.*+*,(,*;.!%.!0*.0/#!C%.0&/!)%!%30%!
4&/,%3/!)%!6*.*+*,(,*;.!)%-!6*./!O-(.,/!4/)%2/3!7(O-(&!)%!-/3!,-(&%0%3#!F-!
4&/,%3/!)%!%-(O/&(,*;.!)%!-/3!,-(&%0%3!,/24(&0%!4(&0%!)%!-(!%-(O/&(,*;.!0'4*,(!
)%!-/3!6*./3!0*.0/3!>%.!313!4&*2%&(3!+(3%3B!A!4(&0%3!)%!-(!%-(O/&(,*;.!)%!-/3!6*./3!
O-(.,/3!>(!4(&0*&!)%!-(!+%&2%.0(,*;.B#!
4.!6-).3C.!/01!5)3,!
S(!K&*(.L(!,/.30*01A%!1.(!)%!-(3!+(3%3!2@3!)%,*3*6(3!%.!-(!%-(O/&(,*;.!)%!-/3!
:&(.)%3!6*./3#!=-:1./3!6*./3!O-(.,/38!,*%&0/3!&/3()/3!%34%,*(-%3!A!-(!2(A/&!
4(&0%!)%!-/3!6*./3!0*.0/3!3%!%51*-*O&(.!A!3%!&%)/.)%(.!,/.!-(!,&*(.L(#!D/)/3!-/3!
6*./3!-*,/&/3/3!3%!3/2%0%.!(!-(!,&*(.L(#!f!-/3!2%R/&%3!6*./3!%3412/3/3!&%,*O%.!
*:1(-2%.0%!31!,&*(.L(!%.!O/0%--(#!
F-!4&/,%3/!)%!-(!,&*(.L(!)%-!6*./!0*.0/!3%!&%(-*L(!%.!4%51%G/3!0/.%-%3!)%!&/O-%!A!
3%!%34%&(!31!%6/-1,*;.!(!4(&0*&!)%!4%51%G(3!)/3*3!)%!/?':%./!%30P&*-!51%!6(!
&%,*O*%.)/!%-!6*./!(!0&(6P3!)%!-/3!4/&/3!)%-!&/O-%#!
F3(3!4(&0%3!)%!/?':%./!6(.!/?*)(.)/!%-!-'51*)/!7(,*%.)/!51%!31!,/-/&!4(3%!)%!
2/&()/!*.0%.3/!(-!&/R/!-()&*--/!A!(3'!)%!%3(!2(.%&(!3%!,/.3*:1%!1.(!4%&+%,0(!
(&2/.'(!%.0&%!0/)(3!-(3!,(&(,0%&'30*,(3!)%-!6*./#!
F-!4&/,%3/!)%!-(!,&*(.L(!)%-!6*./!O-(.,/]!%.!%30%!4&/,%3/!4/)%2/3!)*30*.:1*&!0&%3!
3*30%2(3!+1.)(2%.0(-%3!%.!-(!,&*(.L(9!
• Un sistema consiste en introducir el vino en depósitos de acero o cemento para
hacerlo fermentar y a continuación llevarlo una vez clasificado a las barricas.
Y/)%2/3!)%,*&]!51%!)1&(.0%!-(!%30(.,*(!)%-!6*./!%.!-(!O(&&*,(8!%.!,/.0(,0/!
4%&2(.%.0%!,/.!%-!(*&%!A!,/.!-(!2()%&(!3%!31+&%!1.!4&/,%3/!)%!/?*)(,*;.!(-!
0*%24/!51%!3%!*.,/&4/&(.!(&/2(3!A!0(.*./3!)%-!&/O-%#!
Y/&!/0&/!-()/!4/)%2/3!6%&!51%!%.!-(!O/0%--(8!%-!6*./!%?4%&*2%.0(!1.!4&/,%3/!)%!
&%)1,,*;.!51%!&%)/.)%(!A!(&2/.*L(!313!,1(-*)()%3#!
!!
\%2/3!6*30/!-(!*24/&0(.,*(!51%!0*%.%!-(!O(&&*,(!%.!%-!4&/,%3/!)%!,&*(.L(!)%!-/3!
6*./38!4/&!%3%!2/0*6/!6%2/3!51%!%3!.%,%3(&*/!4(&(&3%!4(&(!7(,%&!1.!4%51%G/!
,/2%.0(&*/!3/O&%!-(3!O(&&*,(3#!
!!
4.!D.--)6.!
S(!O(&&*,(8!&%,*4*%.0%!)%!2()%&(!&%(-*L()(!0/)(6'(!(&0%3(.(-2%.0%8!+/&2()(!4/&!
0(O-(3!,1&6()(3!(-!,(-/&#!$1!,(4(,*)()!%3!)%!HHI!-*0&/3!A!-(!2()%&(!%3!/O0%.*)(!
)%!&/O-%3!O*%.!)%3(&&/--()/3#!!
F-!&/O-%!%3!-(!Q.*,(!%34%,*%!51%!4&/4/&,*/.(!2()%&(!)%!-(!,(-*)()!()%,1()(!
4(&(!%-(O/&(&!-/3!:&(.)%3!6*./3#!D/)(6'(!%.!,*%&0(3!L/.(3!6*.',/-(3!)%-!21.)/!
41%)%!6%&3%!61-:(&%3!%.6(3%3!)%!,(30(G/8!4*./8!+&%3./8!,%&%L/!/!(,(,*(#!
Y%&/!%.!:%.%&(-!-/3!O/)%:1%&/3!&%4(&0%.!313!4&%+%&%.,*(3!%.0&%!%-!&/O-%!+&(.,P3!
A!%-!&/O-%!(2%&*,(./#!
• Roble americano: Los árboles de esta especie contienen una sustancia cuyo olor
recuerda al coco.
4.!6.+.!/01!5)3,=!
Y/)%2/3!,/.3*)%&(&!51%!4&*.,*4(-2%.0%!-(!,(0(!3%!O(3(!%.!0&%3!(.@-*3*39!
=!,/.0*.1(,*;.!4(3(&%2/3!(!)%0(--(&!,()(!1.(!)%!-(3!+(3%3!)%-!&*01(-!)%!-(!,(0(#!
F*>06+,!5)*:.1!/01!5)3,'!
S(!-1L!41%)%!4&/)1,*&!--%6@.)/./3!(!(4&%,*(,*/.%3!%.:(G/3(3!4/&51%!./!3;-/!
%?(2*.(2/3!%-!(34%,0/!6*31(-!)%-!6*./!3*./!-/3!,/-/&%3!51%!./3!&/)%(.8!4(&(!
%6*0(&!4/3*O-%3!%.:(G/3!%.!1.(!,(0(!3%!%?*:%!1.!2(.0%-!O-(.,/!A!%-!-1:(&!)%O%!
)%!%30(&!O*%.!*-12*.()/#!
F-!4*:2%.0/!)%!1.!6*./!&%6%-(!21,7/3!3%,&%0/3!)%!31!4%&3/.(-*)()8!
4&/,%)%.,*(8!(,*)%L8!%30()/!)%!,/.3%&6(,*;.8!%)()####!
$%:Q.!%-!(34%,0/!4/)&%2/3!)%./0(&!-(3!3*:1*%.0%3!,(&(,0%&'30*,(39!
f!3%:Q.!%-!,/-/&9!
• Tonalidad - Matiz:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!c!U*./3!V-(.,/39!=,1/3/8!:&*38!(,%&()/8!(2(&*--/8!4@-*)/8!(2(&*--/!
6%&)/3/8!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(2(&*--/!4(R*L/8!(2(&*--/!)/&()/8!/&/!6*%R/8!,(/O(#!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!c!U*./3!N/3()/39!N/3(!4@-*)/8!&/3(!+&(2O1%3(8!&/3(!+&%3(8!&/3(!
,%&%L(8!&/3(!:&/3%--(8!&/3(!3(-2;.8!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(3(-2/.()/8!4*%-!)%!,%O/--(8!/R/!)%!4%&)*L!
>.(&(.R(B8!&/3(!(2(&*--/!4(&)/#!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!c!U*./3!D*.0/39!N/R/!6*/-%0(8!4Q&41&(8!:&(.(0%8!,%&%L(8!&1O'8!0%R(8!
,(30(G/#!
!!
K(&(,0%&'30*,(3!)%-!,/-/&!3%:Q.!-(!%)()9!
U*./3!O-(.,/39!$%!/3,1&%,%.!,/.!%-!0*%24/!
U*./3!0*.0/39!=-!%.6%R%,%&8!)*32*.1A%!-(!*.0%.3*)()!)%!,/-/&]!)%3(4(&%,%.!0/./3!
6*/-@,%/3!A!(4(&%,%.!0%R(3!A!,(30(G/#!$%!/O3%&6(!3/O&%!0/)/!%.!-/3!O/&)%39!
K1(.0/!2@3!,-(&/!A!(2(&*--/!2(&&;.!3%(!%-!6*./8!,1(.0/!2(A/&!3%(!-(!:&()(,*;.!
)%!,/-/&!)%3)%!%-!,%.0&/!7(30(!%-!O/&)%8!2(A/&!3%&@!31!%)()!
!!
F3G1)*)*!/0!1,*!.-,A.*'!
=!0&(6P3!)%!-/3!)*+%&%.0%3!(&/2(3!4%&,*O*2/3!0/)/!%-!4(./&(2(!)%!31!O*/:&(+'(!A!
./3!&%6%-(!313!3%,&%0/3#!
Y%&/!)%.0&/!)%!-/3!(&/2(3!4/)%2/3!/O3%&6(&!0&%3!%0(4(3!%.!31!+/&2(,*;.9!
$%!41%)%!)%,*&!51%!%30(!3%:1.)(!+(3%!)%!-(!,(0(!%3!1./!)%!-/3!2/2%.0/3!2@3!
)%,*3*6/3!A!4-(,%.0%&/3!%.!%-!&*0/!)%!-(!)%:130(,*;.#!`.!O1%.!,(0()/&!3%!
)*30*.:1%!4/&51%!3(O%!,/.,%)%&-%!31!0*%24/!A!31!(0%.,*;.!(!31!/-+(0/8!4(&(!
(4&%,*(&!1.!O1%.!6*./#!
=7/&(!0&(0(&%2/3!)%!&%312*&!-/3!4(3/3!(!3%:1*&!%.!%-!(.@-*3*3!)%!-/3!(&/2(#!
• Segundo paso: Remover la copa poco a poco: Indagar primero los aromas
primarios, si los hay.
`.(!6%L!&%(-*L()(3!%3(3!+(3%38!%-!,(0()/&!)%O%&@!O13,(&!%.!31!2%2/&*(!-/3!
)*+%&%.0%3!/-/&%3!51%!3%!41%)(.!4&%3%.0(&!%.!-(!d4(-%0(!(&/2@0*,(d!)%!-/3!6*./3#!
=!6%,%3!7%2/3!6*30/!,/2/!1.!:&(.!)%:130()/&!(3%:1&(!&%,/./,%&!,*%&0/!(&/2(!
4%&/!./!%3!,(4(L!)%!./2O&(&-/#!Y(&(!%)1,(&!-(!2%2/&*(!/-+(0*6(!0*%.%!51%!3%&!(!
O(3%!)%!%R%&,*,*/3!,/2/!4/&!%R%24-/!*)%.0*+*,(&!(&/2(3!,/.!313!./2O&%3!
,/.,&%0/3!(-!4(3%(&!4/&!%-!,(24/!/!4/&!%-!4(&51%#!$%!)*,%!51%!1.!O1%.!,(0()/&!
0*%.%!21,7/!,(2*./!:(.()/!,1(.)/!3(O%!*)%.0*+*,(&!%-!R(L2'.!A!-(!&/3(!)%!1.!
4%&+12%!,(&/#!
=1.51%!%?*30(.!21,7(3!+(2*-*(3!(&/2@0*,(38!2%2/&*L(&%2/3!-/3!(&/2(3!2@3!
*24/&0(.0%39!
=)%2@3!)%!%30/3!3%!41%)%.!4%&,*O*&!/0&/3!(&/2(38!-/3!--(2()/3!3/&4&%.)%.0%3!A!
/0&/3!3/34%,7/3/3!51%!:%.%&(-2%.0%!31%-%.!*.)*,(&!(-:Q.!51%!/0&/!)%+%,0/!)%-!
6*./#!
!!
"/03+);)6.6),30*!/0!1.*!*03*.6),30*!/0!1.!D,6.=!
U(2/3!(!&%,/&)(&!-/3!,1(0&/!3(O/&%3!51%!0/)/!%-!21.)/!,/./,%8!4%&/!
&%-(,*/.()/3!,/.!%-!6*./9!)1-,%8!@,*)/8!3(-()/!A!(2(&:/#!
• El sabor ácido procede de la acidez frutal del mosto y de las sustancias ácidas
desarrolladas en la fermentación.
• El sabor salado, la concentración de estas sales es tan pequeña que resulta difícil
detectarla en la cata.
• El vino debe estar bien conservado, tener la precaución de oler el corcho para ver
si se detecta algún olor extraño.
• Descorchar la botella con cuidado, cortando bien la cápsula por debajo del resalte
del gollete.
=)%2@3!)%-!3(O/&!%.!O/,(!4/)%2/3!)%0%,0(&!-(3!3*:1*%.0%3!3%.3(,*/.%3!3%:Q.!
31!0(,0/9!D%24%&(01&(!>+&'/!/!,(-*%.0%B8!(30&*.:%.0%8!,(130*,*)()8!51%2(L;.8!
+/&2(8!6/-12%.#!
%-)+0-),*!.>1)6.D10*!.!5)3,*!/0!6.1)/./!
• Aspecto
• Limpio y brillante
• Aroma
• Agradable. Sencillo o complejo, que invite a llevarlo a la boca
• Gusto
• Equilibrado. Más o menos ácido o astringente, que sea armónico
• Final
• Limpio y placentero, persistente en los vinos envejecidos
H-/03!/0!>-0*03+.6)@3!
• De los más ligeros a los más duros
• De los más débiles a los más alcohólicos
• De los más secos a los más dulces
• En general:
o Primero los blancos y después los tintos
o Dentro de cada tipo, primero los jóvenes y después los viejos
o Los vinos dulces siempre al final
8)6I.!/0!%.+.!
!!
Muestra: Vino tinto ejemplo.! !"#$"%&'(#!
!!
!
Muestra:! !"#$"%&'(#!
Visual! Aspecto/Limpidez! ! ! ! ! ! !
Color! ! ! ! ! ! !
Olfativa! Intensidad! ! ! ! ! ! !
Calidad! ! ! ! ! ! !
Gustativa! Gusto! ! ! ! ! ! !
Calidad! ! ! ! ! ! !
Tacto! ! ! ! ! ! !
Aroma Retronasal! ! ! ! ! ! !
Postgusto y ! ! ! ! ! !
Persistencia!
Armonía! Sensación Global! ! ! ! ! ! !
Calificación: !
$"%%"H#F?"H!
1V_K=C_9!C',%3%!)%-!6*./!2/)%&()(2%.0%!)1-,%#!
=K=V=C_9!C',%3%!)%!-(3!/4%&(,*/.%3!+*.(-%3!)%-!4&/,%3/!)%!%-(O/&(,*;.!A!
,&*(.L(#!
=KFTD_$_9!U*./!(-0%&()/!4/&!-(!4&%3%.,*(!)%!:&(3(3#!
=KFNV_9!U*./!%?,%3*6(2%.0%!@,*)/!A!(,&%#!
=KTC_9!$130(.,*(!,/.30*010*6(!)%!-/3!6*./3#!F-!@,*)/!2@-*,/!(4/&0(!+&%3,/&!(-!
6*./8!4&/6*%.%!)%!-(!16(!A!)*32*.1A%!)1&(.0%!-(!2()1&(,*;.!%.!O/0%--(#!F-!@,*)/!
0(&0@&*,/!%3!)1&/!A!4&/6*%.%!)%!-(!16(!A!41%)%!/&*:*.(&!*./+%.3*6/3!)%4;3*0/3!%.!
-/3!6*./3!4/,/!%30(O*-*L()/3#!F-!@,*)/!-@,0*,/!3%!+/&2(!)1&(.0%!-(3!
+%&2%.0(,*/.%3!(-,/7;-*,(!A!2(-/-@,0*,(]!(4/&0(!31(6*)()!(-!6*./#!
=K`_$_9!=:1()/#!F3!1.!)%+%,0/!,/.3%,1%.,*(!)%!1.!)%3%51*-*O&*/!%.!-(!
%30&1,01&(!)%-!6*./#!
=E=VSF9!U*./!31(6%8!3%)/3/!A!)%!4(-()(&!(:&()(O-%#!
=EN`D=C_9!C',%3%!)%-!6*./!51%!%?7*O%!(&/2(3!)%!+&10(3#!
=MNF$TU_9!=&/2(3!/!3(O/&%3!%?,%3*6(2%.0%!4%.%0&(.0%38!7(30(!%-!41.0/!)%!
%2O/0(&!-/3!3%.0*)/3#!
=MNTSS_9!U*./!6%&)%8!,/.!%?,%3/!)%!(,*)%L#!
=M`^=9!S*:%&(!4&%3%.,*(!)%!:(3!,(&O;.*,/!.(01&(-!51%!(4(&%,%!%.!,*%&0/3!6*./3#!
=\TS=C_9!U*./!(-0%&()/!4/&!%-!%+%,0/!)%!O(,0%&*(3#!D*%.%!,/-/&!01&O*/!A!+-1A%!
,/2/!3*!+1%&(!(,%*0%8!,/.!6*3,/3*)()#!
=S=<VTj`F9!K(-)%&(!)%!,/O&%!10*-*L()/!4(&(!)%30*-(&!-/3!6*./3!A!%-(O/&(&!
(:1(&)*%.0%3#!
=SV`<TX=9!$130(.,*(!,/.0%.*)(!%.!-(!,-(&(!)%-!71%6/!51%!3%!(G()%!(!-/3!6*./3!
)1&(.0%!-(!,-(&*+*,(,*;.!A!(,(O()/#!
=SFMNF9!U*6(L8!)%!,/-/&!%34-%.)%.0%8!(&/2(!-*24*/!A!(,*)%L!+&%3,(#!$%!)*,%!
0(2O*P.!)%!-/3!6*./3!%3412/3/3!,/.!1.(!(:&()(O-%!O1&O1R(#!
=S<T^=N9!F34(,*/!)/.)%!3%!(3/-%(.!-/3!&(,*2/3!4(&(!%-(O/&(&!6*./3!)1-,%3!
:%.%&/3/38!,/2/!%-!Y%)&/!W*2P.%L#!
=SDFN=C_9!U*./!(+%,0()/!4/&!(,,*)%.0%38!51*%O&(38!%.+%&2%)()%3!/!,(2O*/3!
51'2*,/3#!
=<Y`S_$_9!U*./!21A!(&/2@0*,/8!,/.!1.!O/151%0!,/24-%R/!A!21A!(4(&%.0%!51%!
3%!2(.*+*%30(!%.!31!4(-()(&!4-%./!A!)%!(24-*(!%30&1,01&(#!
=XD_KT=X_$9!Y*:2%.0/3!)%!,/-/&!&/R/!(2/&(0()/!,/.0%.*)/3!%.!%-!7/--%R/!)%!
-(3!16(3!0*.0(3#!
=k=C=$9!=G/!%.!51%!%-!6*./!7(!3*)/!6%.)*2*()/#!C%O%!+*:1&(&!%.!-(!O/0%--(!)%!
0/)/3!-/3!6*./3!)%!O1%.(!2%3(8!O-(.,/38!&/3()/3!/!0*.0/3#!
=kF^=N9!K&*(&!%.!O(&&(,(3!/!2()1&(&!%.!O/0%--(#!
=Y=M=C_9!_4(,/!)%!,/-/&8!3*.!(&/2(8!4/O&%!)%!3(O/&#!
=NN`<V=C_N9!_4%&(&*/!51%!3%!/,14(!)%!-(3!,&*(.L(3!)%-!6*./!A!)%!-(!
2(.*41-(,*;.!)%!-(3!O(&&*,(3#!
=$FXD=C_9!$%!)*,%!)%-!6*./!%30(O*-*L()/8!,/24-%0(2%.0%!(,(O()/#!
=$$F<VS=MF9!<%L,-(!)%!-/3!6*./3!51%!,/24/.%3!-(!,/3%,7(!+*.(-#!$1%-%!
&%(-*L(&3%!(.0%3!)%!-(!,&*(.L(#!
=D=j`F9!Y&*2%&(!*24&%3*;.!3%.3/&*(-!51%!%-!6*./!4&/)1,%!%.!%-!4(-()(&#!
=D`E=C_9!=6*.(:&()/#!
2=X=S9!U*./!3*.!,(&@,0%&#!X/!)%30(,(!.*.:1.(!)%!313!,(&(,0%&'30*,(3#!
V=NNTK=9!F.6(3%!)%!2()%&(!51%!3%!10*-*L(!4(&(!,&*(&!-/3!6*./3#!F-!&/O-%!%3!-(!
Q.*,(!2()%&(!(4&/4*()(!4(&(!-(!,/.30&1,,*;.!)%!-(3!O(&&*,(3!)%30*.()(3!(!6*./3!
./O-%3#!
V=f=9!M&(./!)%!16(#!
V_K=9!_&*+*,*/!)%!-(!O(&&*,(!)/.)%!3%!,/-/,(!%-!0(4;.#!F.!%-!-P?*,/!)%!-(!,(0(8!-(3!
3%.3(,*/.%3!%.!O/,(!)%3*:.(.!-(3!*24&%3*/.%3!&%,*O*)(3!%.!-(!-%.:1(!A!%-!
4(-()(&#!
V_CFM=9!S1:(&!)/.)%!3%!%+%,0Q(.!-(3!/4%&(,*/.%3!)%!6*.*+*,(,*;.#!
V_D=9!F.6(3%!)%!2()%&(!2(A/&!51%!-(3!O(&&*,(3#!
V_DFSS=9!N%,*4*%.0%!)%!6*)&*/!)/.)%!-/3!6*./3!2()1&(.!A!)%3(&&/--(.!31!
O/151%0#!
V_`j`FD9!M(-*,*32/!51%!3%!10*-*L(!4(&(!)%3*:.(&!%-!,/.R1.0/!)%!-(3!
3%.3(,*/.%3!/-+(0*6(3!
51%!/+&%,%!1.!6*./#!
VN=XCf9!=:1(&)*%.0%!)%!6*./8!%../O-%,*)/!4/&!-(!,&*(.L(!%.!&/O-%#!
VNFUF9!$%!)*,%!)%-!6*./!,/&0/8!+1:(L!%.!-(!O/,(#!
VN`D9!U*./!%3412/3/!21A!3%,/#!
!=VFlmX9!U*./!,/.!%?,%3/!)%!(-,/7/-!51%!,(13(!)/-/&!)%!,(O%L(!A!4%3()%L#!
K=SSF9!F34(,*/!51%!51%)(!%.0&%!)/3!-'.%(3!)%!,/4(3#!
KnY$`S=9!K1O*%&0(!/!4&/0%,,*;.!51%!3%!,/-/,(!(-&%)%)/&!)%-!0(4;.!A!)%-!,1%--/!
)%!-(!O/0%--(8!4(&(!4&/0%:%&-(!A!6%30*&-(#!
K=D=9!U(-/&(,*;.!A!,/./,*2*%.0/!)%!1.!6*./!,/.3*)%&(.)/!31!,/-/&8!(&/2(8!
3(O/&!A!0(,0/#!
K=D=UTX_$9!K/4(!%34%,*(-8!(4&/4*()(!4(&(!-(!)%:130(,*;.!)%-!6*./#!
KFY=9!D&/.,/!)%!-(!4-(.0(!)%!-(!6*)8!)%!-(!51%!3(-%.!-/3!3(&2*%.0/3#!
KS=NFDF9!U*./!0*.0/!(+&10()/!A!-*:%&/!%.!,1A(!+%&2%.0(,*;.!3%!7(.!2(,%&()/!
21A!-%.0(2%.0%!-/3!7/--%R/3#!C%O%!,/.312*&3%!R/6%.#!
KS=NTETK=KTmX9!_4%&(,*;.!)%!(,(O()/!51%!,/.3*30%!4&*.,*4(-2%.0%!%.!+*-0&(&!
-/3!6*./3!4(&(!:(&(.0*L(&!31!4%&+%,0(!-*24*)%L#!
KS_$9!N%,*.0/8!,%&,()/!/!4(&,%-(!%.!%-!51%!3%!,1-0*6(!-(!6*G(#!
K_SS=NoX9!Y%51%G(!%0*51%0(!51%!6*30%!%-!,1%--/!)%!-(!O/0%--(#!
K_<YSFD_9!U*./!%.!31!4-%.*01)8!O*%.!%51*-*O&()/#!
K_<pX9!U*./!3*.!)%./2*.(,*;.!)%!/&*:%.#!
K_XC`KKTmX9!DP,.*,(!51%!4%&2*0%!)(&!1.(!+/&2(!)%0%&2*.()(!(!-(!4-(.0(!)%!
-(!6*)8!/O-*:(.)/!(!-/3!3(&2*%.0/3!(!3%:1*&!)*30*.0(3!)*&%,,*/.%3#!
K_XDN=FDTj`FD=9!=-:1.(3!O/)%:(3!,/-/,(.!%.!-(!%34(-)(!)%!-(!O/0%--(!%30%!
)/,12%.0/!4(&(!/+&%,%&!(-!,/.312*)/&!1.(!*.+/&2(,*;.!314-%2%.0(&*(!3/O&%!-(3!
,1(-*)()%3!A!-(!%)()!)%-!6*./#!
K_`Y=MF9!<%L,-(!)%!)*+%&%.0%3!6%.)*2*(38!2/30/3!/!6*./3#!
KNT=Xl=9!F.6%R%,*2*%.0/!,/.0&/-()/!)%!1.!6*./8!%.!O(&&*,(8!%.!O/0(!/!%.!
O/0%--(#!
K`V=9!F.6(3%!)/.)%!3%!(-2(,%.(!-/3!2/30/3!4(&(!3%&!3/2%0*)/3!(!-(!
+%&2%.0(,*;.!A!-(3!)*+%&%.0%3!-(O/&%3!)%!6*.*+*,(,*;.#!
K`FNY_9!`.01/3*)()8!,(&./3*)()8!2(0%&*(!A!%30&1,01&(!)%-!6*./#!
3FK=XD=N9!$%4(&(&!%-!6*./!-*24*/!)%!-/3!4/3/3!+/&2()/3!)1&(.0%!%-!
%.6%R%,*2*%.0/#!
CFM`$D=N9!Y&/O(&!1.!6*./!4(&(!(.(-*L(&!/&:(./-P40*,(2%.0%!313!,1(-*)()%3#!
CF$Y=STSS=N9!$%4(&(&!%-!%3,/O(R/!/!&(34;.!)%-!2/30/#!
CF$U=TC_9!C',%3%!%-!6*./!+(-0/!)%!,/-/&8!4/,/!,1O*%&0/!4/&!+(-0(!)%!4*:2%.0/#!
4SFM=XDF9!K1(-*)()!)%-!6*./!)*30*.:1*)/8!%51*-*O&()/!%.!%-!:130/8!,/.!O/151%0!
A!,/.!-(!R130(!,&*(.L(#!
FXnXDTK_9!N%-(0*6/!(-!(&/2(!)%-!6*./#!
FX_S_Mo=9!K*%.,*(!51%!%301)*(!-(!%-(O/&(,*;.!A!,&*(.L(!)%!-/3!6*./3#!
FXUF^FKT<TFXD_9!DP,.*,(!)%!,&*(.L(!4(&(!51%!%-!6*./!(-,(.,%!31!4-%.*01)!,/.!
%-!4(3/!)%-!0*%24/#!
F$K=XKT=C_N9!Y%&3/.(!%34%,*(-*L()(!51%!3%!/,14(!)%-!3%&6*,*/!)%-!6*./#!
F$K_V=^_9!Y(&0%!-%G/3(!/!6%&)%!)%-!&(,*2/!51%!3*&6%!)%!3/4/&0%!(!-/3!:&(./3!
)%!16(#!
F$Y`<_$_9!U*./!%.!%-!51%!3%!7(!,/.3%&6()/!1.(!)/3*3!)%0%&2*.()(!)%!
(.7')&*)/!,(&O;.*,/!4(&(!4&/6/,(&!-(!+/&2(,*;.!)1&()%&(!)%!O1&O1R(3#!
5FN<FXD=KTmX9!Y&/,%3/!O*/-;:*,/!A!51'2*,/!51%!)%0%&2*.(!-(!
0&(.3+/&2(,*;.!)%!-/3!(LQ,(&%3!)%-!2/30/!%.!(-,/7/-!A!/0&/3!,/24/.%.0%3!)%-!
6*./8!4/&!(,,*;.!)%!-(!-%6()1&(#!
ES_N9!S%6()1&(!51%!,/.0&*O1A%!(!-(!+/&2(,*;.!)%!-/3!(-)%7*)/3!)1&(.0%!-(!
,&*(.L(!)%!-/3!6*./3!(.)(-1,%3#!
6_SSFDF9!K1%--/!)%!-(!O/0%--(!/!:(&&(+;.#!
MN=X!NF$FNU=9!C%./2*.(,*;.!51%!3%!,/.,%)%!(!-/3!6*./3!-(&:(2%.0%!
,&*()/3!%.!O(&&*,(3!)%!&/O-%!A!O/0%--(#!
7TSFN=9!S'.%(3!)%!,%4(3!%.!1.(!4-(.0(,*;.#!
\_SSF^_9!Y*%-!)%!-(!16(#!
)Xj`TFD_9!U*./!)%!(:1R(!/!%3412/3/!%.!%-!51%!3%!./0(!-(!4&%3%.,*(!)%!:(3!
,(&O;.*,/#!
TX$oYTC_9!$%!)*,%!)%-!6*./!51%!./!)%34*%&0(!3%.3(,*/.%3!+&(.,(3!%.!%-!4(-()(&#!
$1!(&/2(!
%3!.%10&/#!
8_UFX9!U*./!3*.!,&*(.L(!%.!%-!51%!3%!7(.!O13,()/!-(3!,1(-*)()%3!(+&10()(3!A!
2@3!+&%3,(3#!
9=M=N9!N%,*4*%.0%!)/.)%!(.0*:1(2%.0%!3%!4*3(O(!-(!16(#!
ST=$9!$%)*2%.0/3!51%!)%R(!%-!6*./!0&(3!31!+%&2%.0(,*;.!4&*2(&*(#!
:=KFN=KTmX9!T.2%&3*;.8!2@3!/!2%./3!4&/-/.:()(!)%!-/3!7/--%R/3!%.!%-!
2/30/!51%!+%&2%.0(#!
<nSTK_9!`./!)%!-/3!@,*)/3!4&%3%.0%3!%.!%-!6*./#!$1!%?,%3/!4&/)1,%!1.(!
3%.3(,*;.!*.,*3*6(!A!)%3(:&()(O-%!%.!%-!4(-()(&#!
<T$DFS=9!<%L,-(!)%-!(-,/7/-!6'.*,/!41&/!A!2/30/#!
<_^=C_9!U*./!(:1()/#!
<_$D_9!l12/!)%!16(!3*.!+%&2%.0(&#!
;_VSF9!K1(-*)()!)%!1.!6*./!%51*-*O&()/8!%-%:(.0%8!)%!O1%.!-*.(R%!A!O*%.!
,&*()/#!
X`FU_9!U*./!R/6%.8!)%!2%./3!)%!1.!(G/!)%3)%!31!%-(O/&(,*;.#!
<NCTX=NT_9!U*./!:&/3%&/8!3*.!%-%:(.,*(#!
_N`^_9!N%3*)1/!4&/,%)%.0%!)%!-(!4&%.3()(!)%!-(3!16(3#!
==^Tl_9!$%!)*,%!)%-!6*./!O-(.,/!)%!,/-/&!,-(&/8!,/2/!-(!4(R(#!
Y=S=C=N9!T24&%3*;.!51%!4&/)1,%!%-!6*./!(-!)%:130(&-/8!3(O/&%(&-/!A!0&(:(&-/#!
YnSTC_9!C%!,/-/&!4/,/!4&/.1.,*()/#!$%!)*,%!)%!-/3!6*./3!O-(.,/3!)%!,/-/&!
4(R*L/!21A!)PO*-#!
YFCpXK`S_9!N(2*+*,(,*;.!)%-!3(&2*%.0/!51%!,/.30*01A%!%-!3/30P.!)%-!&(,*2/#!
YFSFmX9!U*./!(,%&O/8!*.,*3*6/8!3*.!,(-*)()#!
YNFX$=C_9!F30&1R()/!2%,@.*,/!)%!-/3!:&(./3!)%!16(!4(&(!%?4&*2*&!%-!2/30/!
3*.!,7(+(&!-(3!4%4*0(3#!
>F$FNU=9!<%.,*;.!51%!)*30*.:1%8!%.!(-:1.(3!&%:*/.%3!)%!F34(G(8!(!-/3!6*./3!
)%!-(&:(!,&*(.L(#!
?=N<TFXD_9!N(2(!O*%.!)%3(&&/--()(!)%!-(!6*)#!
$=UT=9!DP&2*./!%24-%()/!4(&(!)%3*:.(&!%-!6*:/&!A!%-!.%&6*/!)%!1.!6*./!)%!
,(-*)()#!
$FK_9!U*./!51%!7(!&%(-*L()/!4-%.(2%.0%!31!+%&2%.0(,*;.8!0&(.3+/&2()/!0/)/!%-!
(LQ,(&!%.!(-,/7/-#!
$FUFN_9!N':*)/!A!(130%&/#!
$_SFN=9!S(!+*-(!*.+%&*/&!)%!1.(!%3,(-()(!)%!O/0(3!)/.)%!3%!,&'(.!-/3!6*./3!2@3!
6*%R/3#!Y/&!%?0%.3*;.8!3*30%2(!)%!,&*(.L(!51%!,/.3*30%!%.!2%R/&(&!%-!6*./!R/6%.!
,/.!%-!2@3!6*%R/#!
$_<<FSTFN9!F3,(.,*()/&#!Y&/+%3*/.(-!51%!3%!/,14(!)%!-/3!6*./3!%.!1.!
&%30(1&(.0%#!
@=XTX_9!$130(.,*(!/&:@.*,(!)%!3(O/&!(30&*.:%.0%8!,/.0%.*)/!%.!-/3!7/--%R/3!A!
4%4*0(3!)%!-(!16(#!
DFNN`k_9!$(O/&!)*30*.0*6/!)%-!6*G%)/!)/.)%!3%!7(!,1-0*6()/!-(!,%4(#!
DTXDTSS_9!U*./!0*.0/!)%!4/,/!,/-/&#!
DN=$TFM_9!_4%&(,*;.!)%!O/)%:(!51%!0*%.%!4/&!/OR%0/!(*&%(&!%-!6*./!A!3%4(&(&-/!
)%!-(3!-'(3!51%!3%!)%4/3*0(.!%.!-/3!%.6(3%3!)%!(-2(,%.(2*%.0/!/!)%!,&*(.L(#!
DN=$DF9!K(0(6*./3#!
DN`^=S9!N%,*4*%.0%!)%-!-(:(&!)/.)%!3%!&%,/:%!%-!2/30/#!
AFS_`DF9!=0%&,*/4%-()/#!
UTXoEFN=9!U(&*%)()!)%!,%4(!51%!3%!10*-*L(!4(&(!-(!6*.*+*,(,*;.#!
BF<=9!C*2*.10/!O&/0%!6%:%0(0*6/!)%!-(!6*)#!
CT<_DFKXT=9!D%,./-/:'(!)%!-(!+%&2%.0(,*;.#!