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(
WA = 2 γ γ + 2 γ γ d d
1 2
p p
1 2 )
1.
Equa(on
list
(con(nue)
Solid
surface
energy
γ L (1+ cosθ ) = 2 γ Sd γ Ld + γ Spγ Lp ( ) Lecture
21
Typical ques,on:
€
2
These
two
equa,ons
came
from
the
top
d
γ = γ DIM
(1+ cosθ DIM ) DIM
as
a
probe
s liquid
has
γld
=
0.
equa,on.
They
are
4
NOT
provided
in
the
exam
paper!!
2
Deriva,ons
in
γ p
=
( γ W (1+ cos θ W ) − 2 γ Wd γ sd )
s
lecture
21,
Working
€ 4γ Wp
Problem
2.
1.
Equa(on
list
(con(nue)
WeNng
of
real
surfaces
cosθ obv(Cassie ) = f1 cos θ1 − f 2
Typical
ques,on:
1+ cos θ obs
f1 =
1+ cos θ
€
€
2.
Mid-‐term
exam
ques(ons
• Ques(on
2.
The
volume
of
a
molecule
to
be
4.19
Å3
(assuming
the
molecule
is
spherical
and
1
Å
=
1×10-‐10
m).
Calculate
the
polarizability
of
the
molecule
α
and
clearly
indicate
units.
(7
marks)
• Ques(on
3.
A)
Calculate
the
surface
area
of
2.7
grams
of
calcium
carbonate
powder,
assuming
spherical
par(cles,
diameter
=
1
micrometer,
density
=
2.7
g /cm3)
(7
marks)
•
B)
If
this
calcium
carbonate
powder
is
dispersed
in
water
to
a
very
low
concentra(on,
calculate
the
terminal
velocity
of
at
which
the
dispersed
par(cles
seYle.
The
density
and
the
viscosity
of
water
are
1
g /
cm3
and
1
cP,
respec(vely.
(7
marks)
• Ques(on
4.
You
are
doing
a
microelectrophoresis
experiment
with
2
µm
diameter
latex
colloids
dispersed
in
a
0.5
mmol/L
aqueous
solu(on
of
NaCl
at
25oC.
It
takes
10
s
for
the
colloid
to
cover
a
distance
of
150
µm
in
the
microelectrophoresis
cell,
with
a
poten(al
gradient
of
15
V/cm.
• A)
Calculate
the
colloid’s
electrophore(c
mobility
(5
marks)
• B)
Calculate
the
colloid’s
Zeta
poten(al.
Define
the
units
(8
marks)
3.
Some
previous
years’
ques(ons
and
solu(ons
• 2010
ques(on
2.
Calculate
the
interfacial
tension
between
n-‐decane
and
water
using
the
data
in
the
table.
(5
marks)
•
Water
n-‐decane
• Surface
tension
γ
(mN/m)
72.8
23.9
• γd
(mN/m)
21.8
23.9
• γp
(mN/m)
51.0
0
d
Capillary rise
(h), neglect Internal
Water droplet
D diameter
D = 3 millimeters
• A
capillary
tube
with
an
internal
diameter
of
200
μm
is
inserted
into
a
water
droplet,
which
is
placed
on
a
superhydrophobic
surface.
The
internal
and
the
external
walls
of
the
capillary
tube
have
contact
angles
with
water
of
0º
and
90º,
respec(vely
(See
figure
below).
At
the
equilibrium
state,
if
the
water
surface
tension
is
72.8
mN/m,
the
water
droplet
has
a
spherical
shape
and
a
diameter
of
3
mm,
calculate
the
capillary
rise
of
water
in
the
capillary
tube
(neglect
the
height
of
the
water
droplet).
The
density
of
water
is
1000
kg/m3,
the
gravity
constant
is
9.8
m/s2.
(12
marks)
2008
Ques(on
10
• 10.
Calculate
the
surface
energy
of
poly(methyl
methacrylate)
(PMMA)
using
the
contact
angle
data
of
two
liquids
of
known
surface
tension
listed
in
the
table.
(8
marks)
•
Water
Diiodomethane
• Surface
tension
γ
(mN/m)
72.8
50.8
• γd
(mN/m)
21.8
50.8
• γp
(mN/m)
51.0
0
• Contact
angles
with
PMMA
68˚
37˚
4.
Some
working
problems
in
our
lectures
Working
problem
6:
Find
out
the
ra(o
of
penetra(on
velocity
between
water
and
isopropanol
using
the
θ,
γ
and
η
data
below
Liquid
penetra,on
In
paper
(porous
non-‐woven
cellulose
fibre
matrix)
θ(˚)
γ(mN/m)
η(mPa.s)
k
–
Boltzmann
constant
=
Energy
eV
1.38x10-‐23J/K
or
8.625x10-‐4
eV/
In
glow
discharge
K
Electrons
0
-‐
20
Te
–
electron
temperature
ions
0
–
2
UV/visible
3
-‐
40
If
Te
=
104
–
105
K,
then
In
covalent
bonds
electron
kine,c
energy
will
be
C-‐H
4.3
2.07x10-‐19
–
2.07x10-‐18
J
or
1.3
-‐
C-‐N
2.9
13
eV
C-‐Cl
3.4
C-‐F
4.4
Average
covalent
bond
energy
C=O
8.0
is
in
the
order
of
500
kJ/mol
or
C-‐C
3.4
5
eV
C=C
6.1
The
way
to
prepare
the
final
exam
for
CHE
2165