Theory:

A band pass filter (also known as a BPF or pass band filter) is defined
as a device that allows frequencies within a specific frequency range
and rejects (attenuates) frequencies outside that range.

The low pass filter is used to isolate the signals which have
frequencies higher than the cutoff frequency. Similarly, the high pass
filter is used to isolate the signals which have frequencies lower than
the cutoff frequency.

By the cascade connection of high pass and low pass filter makes
another filter, which allows the signal with specific frequency range
or band and attenuate the signals which frequencies are outside of this
band. This type of filter is known as Band Pass Filter.

The Band Pass Filter has two cutoff frequencies. The first cutoff
frequency is from a high pass filter. This will decide the higher
frequency limit of a band that is known as the higher cutoff frequency
(fc-high). The second cutoff frequency is from the low pass filter.
This will decide the lower frequency limit of the band and that is
known as lower cutoff frequency (fc-low).
Band Pass Filter Circuit

The band pass filter is a combination of low pass and high pass filters.
Therefore, the circuit diagram contains the circuit of high pass and
low pass filters. The circuit diagram of the passive RC band pass filter
is as shown in the below figure.

Circuit Diagram of Band Pass Filter

The first half of the circuit diagram is a passive RC high pass filter.
This filter will allow the signals which have frequencies higher than
the lower cutoff frequency (fc-low). And attenuate the signals which
have frequencies lower than (fc-low).

The second half of the circuit diagram is a passive RC low pass filter.
This filter will allow the signals which have frequencies lower than
the higher cutoff frequency (fc-high). And it will attenuate the signals
which have frequencies higher than (fc-high).
The band or region of frequency in which the band pass filter allows
the signal to pass that is known as Bandwidth. The bandwidth is a
difference between the higher and lower value of cutoff frequency.

Procedures and results :

1- First we connected the
circuit as shown bellow:
2- We changed frequency
from: 0.1 KHz to 1 KHz
step 0.1 KHz . 1 KHz to
10 KHz step 1 KHz . 10
KHz to 100 KHz step 10
KHz.
3- we Recorded the
V in and the V out.
4- then we Plotted
the frequency of
the filter.

5-After that we found fm ( medium frequency )

and the band width : (Bw) = f н _ f L= ∆ f

Discussion:
What are the differences between calculated and measured values of 𝑓𝑚?

We got the measured value of Fm in the experiment : 3 KHZ nearly

And then we calculated Fm theoretically as shown:

FH=30KHZ , FL=304KHZ

then using FH and FL we got Fm

Fm= FH * FL =3.02 KHZ

The difference between the values refers to the loss that occur in the component

Band Pass Filter Applications

The application of band pass filter is as follows,

➢ Band pass filters are widely used in audio amplifier

circuits. For example, the speaker is used to play only a
desired range of frequencies and ignore the rest of the
frequencies.
➢ It is used optics like LASER, LIDARS, etc.
➢ These filters are used in a communication system for
choosing the signals with a particular bandwidth.
➢ It is used in audio signal processing.
➢ It is also used to optimize the signal to noise ratio and
sensitivity of the receiver.