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[edit] History
The verb manage comes from the Italian maneggiare (to handle — especially tools), which in turn
derives from the Latin manus (hand). The French word mesnagement (later ménagement) influenced
the development in meaning of the English word management in the 17th and 18th centuries.[1]
Some definitions of management are:
• Organization and coordination of the activities of an enterprise in accordance with certain
policies and in achievement of clearly defined objectives. Management is often included as a
factor of production along with machines, materials, and money. According to the management
guru Peter Drucker (1909–2005), the basic task of a management is twofold: marketing and
innovation.
• Directors and managers have the power and responsibility to make decisions to manage an
enterprise. As a discipline, management comprises the interlocking functions of formulating
corporate policy and organizing, planning, controlling, and directing the firm's resources to
achieve the policy's objectives. The size of management can range from one person in a small
firm to hundreds or thousands of managers in multinational companies. In large firms the board
of directors formulates the policy which is implemented by the chief executive officer.
• They are people who have direct supervision over the working force in office, factory, sales
field, or other workgroup or area of activity.
Rank and File
• The responsibilities of the persons belonging to this group are even more restricted and more
specific than those of the foreman.
[edit] References
1. ^ Oxford English Dictionary
2. ^ Administration industrielle et générale - prévoyance organization - commandment,
coordination – contrôle, Paris : Dunod, 1966
3. ^ Vocational Business: Training, Developing and Motivating People by Richard Barrett -
Business & Economics - 2003. - Page 51.
4. ^ a b Gomez-Mejia, Luis R.; David B. Balkin and Robert L. Cardy (2008). Management:
People, Performance, Change, 3rd edition. New York, New York USA: McGraw-Hill. pp. 19.
ISBN 978-0-07-302743-2.
5. ^ a b c Gomez-Mejia, Luis R.; David B. Balkin and Robert L. Cardy (2008). Management:
People, Performance, Change, 3rd edition. New York, New York USA: McGraw-Hill. pp. 20.
ISBN 978-0-07-302743-2.
6. ^ Craig, S. (2009, January 29). Merrill Bonus Case Widens as Deal Struggles. Wall Street
Journal. [1]
7. ^ Kotter, John P. & Dan S. Cohen. (2002). The Heart of Change. Boston: Harvard Business
School Publishing.
This article needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and
removed. (November 2009)
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