Technical Guide For Recruiters-Jan 2009

INDEX
Sl No SKILL
1 DBMS
2 RDBMS
3 Oracle Database
4 IBM DB2
5 FileMaker
6 Firebird
7 Ingress
8 Informix
9 Microsoft Access
10 Microsoft SQL Server
11 Visual FoxPro
12 MySQL
13 Teradata
14 Query Language
15 PL/SQL
16 SQL
17 T-SQL
1 Datawarehouse
2 Data mart
3 Business Intelligence
4 Business Intelligence tools
5 Data mining
6 EIS
7 ETL
8 ODS
9 OLTP
10 OLAP
11 Ab Initio
12 Actuate
13 Cognos
14 Informatica
15 Micro Strategy
16 Business Objects
17 Siebel
18 CRM
19 EAI
20 Tibco
1 ERP
2 Manufacturing
3 SCM
4 Financials
5 Projects
6 Human Resources
7 CRM
8 DWH
9 SRM
10 J D Edwards
11 Oracle Applications
12 Oracle ebusisness suite
13 PeopleSoft
14 Siebel
15 SAP
16 SAP ERP
17 SAP R/3
18 SAP (EH&S)
19 SAP (FICO)
20 SAP (AM)
21 SAP (PS)
22 SAP(FS)
23 SAP (IS))
24 SAP (HR)
25 SAP (HCM)
26 SAP (PLM)
27 SAP (PM)
28 SAP (MM)
29 SAP (QM)
30 SAP(PP)
31 SAP (SD)
32 SAP (SCM)
33 SAP(SRM)
34 SAP(BW)
35 SAP(SEM)
36 SAP (WM)
37 SAP (HUM)
38 SAP(AF&R)
39 ABAP
40 SAP (Basis)
41 Netweaver
42 MySAP
43 PLM
44 Teamcenter
1 Mainframes
2 Software migration
3 COBOL
4 PL1
7 IBM Mainframes
5 DB2
6 JCL
7 CICS
8 REXX
9 MVS
10 VSAM
11 AS/400
12 AS/400 Control Language (CL)
13 RPG
14 CGIDEV2
15 ILE
1 .Net Framework
2 Components of .Net Framework
a .NET assembly
b .NET Languages
c .NET metadata
d .NET Remoting
e ADO.NET
f ASP.NET
g The Base Class Library (BCL
h Common Intermediate Language (CIL)
i Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)
j Common Language Runtime (CLR)
k Common Type System (CTS)
l Virtual Execution System
m Windows CardSpace
n Windows Communication Foundation WCF
o Windows Forms
p Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)
q Windows Workflow Foundation (WF)
r XML
s XAML
Common CLI Languages
3 CL1
4 C#
5 C++/CLI
6 F#
7 J#:
8 Windows PowerShell
9 IronPython
10 IronRuby
11 Managed Extensions for C++
12 Managed JScript
13 VBx
14 VB.NET
15 A#
16 Boo
17 Cobra
18 Chrome
19 Component Pascal
20 IronLisp
21 L#
22 Lexico
23 Mondrian
24 Nemerle
25 P#
26 Phalanger
27 Phrogram
Other CLI languages
28 #Smalltalk
29 AVR.NET
30 Active Oberon
31 APLNext
32 Common Larceny
33 Delphi.NET
34 Delta Forth .NET
35 DotLisp
36 EiffelEnvision
37 Fortran .NET
38 Gardens Point Modula
39 Haskell for .NET
40 Haskell.net
41 Hugs for .NET
42 IronScheme
43 LOLCode.NET
44 Mercury on .NET
45 Net Express
46 NetCOBOL
47 OxygenScheme
48 S#
49 IoNET
50 PL/IL
51 sml.net
52 Wildcat Cobol
53 X#
54 Ja.NET
Others
55 Visual Basics (VB)
56 Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)
57 VBScript
58 Visual Basic .NET
59 Star Basic
60 Gambas
61 Extensible Markup Language (XML)
62 Extensible Application Mark up Language (XAML)
63 nHibernate
1 JAVA
2 Java Platform
3 JVM
4 JRE & JIT
5 JDK
6 Java Version history
a JDK 1.1
b J2SE
c J2EE
d J2ME
7 Java Language
8 Swing
9 Applet
10 Servelet
11 JSP
12 Java Application Servers
a Websphere application server (IBM)
b WebSphere Application Server Community Edition (IBM)
c Sybase Enterprise Application Server (Sybase Inc),
d WebLogic Server (BEA) ( Oracle Corporation)
e Jboss (Red Hat)
f Jrun(Adobe)
g Apache Geranemo(Apache Corporation)
h Oracle OC4J (Oracle Corporation)
i Sun Java System Application Server (Sun Microsystems
j SAP Netweaver AS (SAP),
k Glassfish Application Server (based on Sun Java System Application Server).
13 Hibernate
14 Tomcat
15 API
16 EJB
a Stateful Session Beans
b Stateless Session Beans
c Message Driven Beans
17 JMS
18 JDBC
19 JAVA BEANS
20 AWT
21 JFC
22 MQ Series
23 CORBA
24 Webserver
25 HTTP
26 Web browser
27 HTML
28 Mark up language
29 Java script
30 PYTHON
31 RUBY
32 C
33 C++
34 Cold Fusion
35 PERL
36 Shellscript
37 CGI
38 Application software
1 SOFTWARE TESTING
2 SQA
3 SQC
4 TESTING LEVELS
a Unit Testing
b Integration Testing
c System Testing
d System Integration Testing
5 TESTING METHODS
a Black box testing
b White box testing
c Grey Box Testing
d Non Functional Software Testing
6 NON FUNCTIONAL SOFTWARE TESTING
a Performance testing
b Usability testing
c Security testing
d Internationalization and localization
7 Alpha Testing & Beta Testing
8 Acceptance Testing
9 Regression Testing
10 Manual Testing
11 Load Testing
12 Automated testing
13 GUI TESTING TOOLS
14 MERCURY INTERACTIVE
a LoadRunner
b WinRunner
c QTP
15 SILK TEST
1 System Administrator
2 DBA
3 Network Administrator
4 Security Administrator
5 Web Administrator
6 Technical Support
7 Computer Operator
8 Application Analyst
9 Systems Architect
10 Systems Design
11 Systems Management
12 Network Management
13 OSS
14 HP OpenView(OVSAM)
15 NNM
16 NMS
17 SNMP
18 OpenNMS
19 SVC
20 metaSAN
21 SAN
22 NAS
23 NFS
24 RFC
25 RAID
26 FCP
27 SCSI
28 Clearcase
29 BMC Patrol:
1 Unix
2 Solaris
3 HP Unix
4 AIX
5 Linux
6 C
7 Sco Unix
8 SUS
9 Operating System OS or O/S
10 Server
11 Client Server
12 TCP/IP
13 MS DOS
14 Netware
15 Windows NT
16 AWK
17 Opensource
CATEGORY ABBREVIATION
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS DBMS
DATAWAREHOUSING DWH
DATAWAREHOUSING DWH
DATAWAREHOUSING DWH
DATAWAREHOUSING DWH
DATAWAREHOUSING DWH
DATAWAREHOUSING DWH
DATAWAREHOUSING DWH
DATAWAREHOUSING DWH
DATAWAREHOUSING DWH
DATAWAREHOUSING DWH
DATAWAREHOUSING DWH
DATAWAREHOUSING DWH
DATAWAREHOUSING DWH
DATAWAREHOUSING DWH
DATAWAREHOUSING DWH
DATAWAREHOUSING DWH
DATAWAREHOUSING DWH
DATAWAREHOUSING DWH
DATAWAREHOUSING DWH
DATAWAREHOUSING DWH
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING ERP
MAINFRAMES & AS400 LEGACY
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
DOT NET & VB .NET
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
JAVA JAVA
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
TESTNG TESTING
INFRASTRUCTURE INFRA
UNIX UNIX
UNIX UNIX
UNIX UNIX
UNIX UNIX
UNIX UNIX
UNIX UNIX
UNIX UNIX
UNIX UNIX
UNIX UNIX
UNIX UNIX
UNIX UNIX
UNIX UNIX
UNIX UNIX
UNIX UNIX
UNIX UNIX
UNIX UNIX
UNIX UNIX
1 DBMS
2 RDBMS
3 Oracle Database
4 IBM DB2
5 FileMaker
6 Firebird
7 Ingress
8 Informix
9 Microsoft Access
10 Microsoft SQL Server
11 Visual FoxPro
12 MySQL
13 Teradata
14 Query Language
15 PL/SQL
16 SQL
17 T-SQL
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
A database management system (DBMS) is computer software that manages databases. DBMSes may use any of a variety
database models, such as the network model or relational model. In large systems, a DBMS allows users and other software t
store and retrieve data in a structured way
A DBMS is a set of software programs that controls the organization, storage, management, and retrieval of data in a databas
Examples of Database Management Systems

Alpha Five
DataEase
Oracle database
IBM DB2
Adaptive Server Enterprise
FileMaker
Firebird
Ingres
Informix
Mark Logic
Microsoft Access
Microsoft SQL Server
Microsoft Visual FoxPro
MySQL
PostgreSQL
Progress
SQLite
Teradata
CSQL
OpenLink Virtuoso
Daffodil DB
A short definition of an RDBMS may be a DBMS in which data is stored in the form of tables and the relationship among the d
also stored in the form of tables
The Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle RDBMS or simply Oracle) consists of a relational database managem
system (RDBMS) produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation.
DB2 is one of IBM's families of relational database management system (RDBMS) (or, as IBM now calls it, data server) softwa
products within IBM's broader Information Management Software line
FileMaker Pro is a cross-platform relational database application from FileMaker Inc. (a subsidiary of Apple Inc.). It is noted fo
integration of the database engine with the GUI-based interface
Firebird (sometimes erroneously called FirebirdSQL) is a relational database management system offering many ANSI SQL:2
features. It runs on Linux, Windows, and a variety of Unix platforms
Ingress is a commercially supported, open-source relational database management system
Informix is a family of relational database management system (RDBMS) products by IBM. It is positioned as IBM's flagship d
server for online transaction processing (OLTP) as well as integrated solutions
Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a relational database management system from Microso
that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software development tools.
Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system (RDBMS) produced by Microsoft. Its primary query langu
are MS-SQL and T-SQL.
Visual FoxPro is a data-centric object-oriented and procedural programming language produced by Microsoft. It is derived fro
FoxPro (originally known as FoxBASE) which was developed by Fox Software
MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) which has more than 11 million installations. The program run
server providing multi-user access to a number of databases.
DBMS by Teradata Corporation
Query languages are computer languages used to make queries into databases and information systems.
SQL is a well known query language for relational databases;
PL/SQL (Procedural Language/Structured Query Language) is Oracle Corporation's proprietary procedural extension to th
database language, used in the Oracle database. Some other SQL database management systems offer similar extensions to
SQL language
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a database computer language designed for the retrieval and management of data in
relational database management systems (RDBMS),
SQL is a programming language for querying and modifying data and managing databases.
Transact-SQL (T-SQL) is Microsoft's and Sybase's proprietary extension to SQL. Microsoft's implementation ships in the Micr
SQL Server product. Sybase uses the language in its Adaptive Server Enterprise, the successor to Sybase SQL Server.
Transact-SQL enhances SQL with additional features.
1 Datawarehouse
2 Data mart
3 Business Intelligence
4 Business Intelligence tools
5 Data mining
6 EIS
7 ETL
8 ODS
9 OLTP
10 OLAP
11 Ab Initio
12 Actuate
13 Cognos
14 Informatica
15 Micro Strategy
16 Business Objects
17 Siebel
18 CRM
19 EAI
20 Tibco
DATAWAREHOUSING
Data warehouse is a repository of an organization's electronically stored data. Data warehouses are designed
to facilitate reporting and analysis
The process of transforming data into information and making it available to the user in a timely enough manner
to make a difference is known as data warehousing.
A data mart is a subset of an organizational data store, usually oriented to a specific purpose or major data
subject, that may be distributed to support business needs. Data marts are often derived from subsets of data in
a data warehouse.
Business intelligence (BI) refers to skills, knowledge, technologies, applications and practices used to help a
business to acquire a better understanding of the market behavior and business context.
BI applications provide historical, current, and predictive views of business operations, most often using data
that has been gathered into a data warehouse or a data mart and occasionally working from operational data.
Business intelligence tools are a type of application software designed to report, analyze and present data.
The tools generally read data that have been previously stored often, though, not necessarily, in a data
warehouse or data mart.
The key general categories of business intelligence tools are:

Spreadsheets
Reporting and querying software - are tools that extract, sort, summarize, and present selected data
OLAP
Digital Dashboards
Data mining
Process mining
Business performance management
Except for spreadsheets, these tools are sold as standalone tools, suites of tools, components of ERP systems,
or as components of software targeted to a specific industry. The tools are sometimes packaged into data
warehouse appliances.
Data mining is the process of extracting hidden patterns from data.
An Executive Information System (EIS) is a type of management information system intended to facilitate and
support the information and decision making needs of senior executives by providing easy access to both
internal and external information relevant to meeting the strategic goals of the organization.
Extract, Transform, and Load (ETL) is a process in data warehousing that involves
extracting data from outside sources,
transforming it to fit business needs (which can include quality levels), and ultimately
loading it into the end target, i.e. the data warehouse.
An operational data store (or "ODS") is a database designed to integrate data from multiple sources to make
analysis and reporting easier.
Online transaction processing, or OLTP, refers to a class of systems that facilitate and manage transaction-
oriented applications, typically for data entry and retrieval transaction processing
transaction processing is information processing that is divided into individual, indivisible operations, called
transactions. Each transaction must succeed or fail as a complete unit; it cannot remain in an intermediate
state.
Online Analytical Processing, or OLAP, is an approach to quickly answer multi-dimensional analytical

queries. OLAP is part of the broader category of business intelligence, which also encompasses relational
reporting and data mining.
Below is a list of top OLAP vendors in 2006.
Vendor
Microsoft Corporation
Hyperion Solutions Corporation
Cognos
Business Objects
MicroStrategy
SAP AG
Cartesis SA
Applix
Infor
Oracle Corporation
Others
The Ab Initio software is a fourth generation powerful data analysis, batch processing, data manipulation
graphical user interface (GUI)-based parallel processing tool which is commonly used to extract, transform and
load (ETL) data.
Actuate Corporation develops Business Intelligence, Performance Management and Java Reporting software
Actuate 9 is the company's core product suite. Actuate reports are constructed on a Collaborative Reporting
Architecture
Cognos (formerly Cognos Incorporated) is an Ottawa, Ontario based company which makes business
intelligence (BI) and performance management software
Informatica Corporation provides data integration software and services for various businesses, industries
and government organizations, including telecommunications, health care, insurance, and financial services.
Informatica labels itself as a narrowly focused "best of breed" product in the Data Integration software market.
Its direct competition in ETL space is Datastage (recently acquired by IBM), Ab Initio software and Business
Object's Data Integrator
MicroStrategy is a business intelligence (BI), Enterprise Reporting, and OLAP (on-line analytical processing)
software vendor. MicroStrategy's software allows reporting and analysis of data stored in a relational database,
multidimensional database, or flat data file
Business Objects is a French enterprise software company, specializing in business intelligence (BI). Their
flagship product is BusinessObjects XI, with components that provide performance management, planning,
reporting, query and analysis, and enterprise information management. Like many enterprise software
companies, Business Objects also offers consulting and education services to help customers deploy their
business intelligence projects.
Siebel Systems, Inc. was a software company principally engaged in the design, development, marketing, and
support of CRM applications
Customer relationship management (CRM) consists of the processes a company uses to track and organize
its contacts with its current and prospective customers.The term CRM generally refers to a software-based
approach to handling customer relationships
Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) is defined as the uses of software and computer systems
architectural principles to integrate a set of enterprise computer applications
TIBCO Software Inc. is a software company, with headquarters in Palo Alto, California
TIBCO develops solutions for the following: Application Integration, B2B Integration, Business Activity
Monitoring, Business Intelligence, Business Process Management, Complex Event Processing, Data
Integration, Enterprise Service Bus, Mainframe Integration, Master Data Management, Messaging, Rich Internet
Application, SOA, System Monitoring and Management
1 ERP
2 Manufacturing
3 SCM
4 Financials
5 Projects
6 Human Resources
7 CRM
8 DWH
9 SRM
10 J D Edwards
11 Oracle Applications
12 Oracle ebusisness suite

13 PeopleSoft
14 Siebel
15 SAP
16 SAP ERP
17 SAP R/3
18 SAP (EH&S)
19 SAP (FICO)
SAP (FICO)
20 SAP (AM)
21 SAP (PS)
22 SAP(FS)
23 SAP (IS))
24 SAP (HR)
25 SAP (HCM)
26 SAP (PLM)
27 SAP (PM)
28 SAP (MM)
29 SAP (QM)
30 SAP(PP)
31 SAP (SD)
32 SAP (SCM)
33 SAP(SRM)
34 SAP(BW)
35 SAP(SEM)
36 SAP (WM)
37 SAP (HUM)
38 SAP(AF&R)
39 ABAP
40 SAP (Basis)
41 Netweaver
42 MySAP
43 PLM
44 Teamcenter
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is an enterprise-wide information system designed to coordinate all the resources, informa
needed to complete business processes such as order fulfillment or billing.
ERP system supports most of the business system that maintains in a single database the data needed for a variety of busine
Manufacturing, Supply Chain Management, Financials, Projects, Human Resources and Customer Relationship Management.
Ideally, ERP delivers a single database that contains all data for the software modules, which would include:
Manufacturing
Engineering, Bills of Material, Scheduling, Capacity, Workflow Management, Quality Control, Cost Management, Manufacturin
Manufacturing Projects, Manufacturing Flow
Supply Chain Management
Order to cash, Inventory, Order Entry, Purchasing, Product Configurator, Supply Chain Planning, Supplier Scheduling, Inspect
Processing, Commission Calculation
Financials
General Ledger, Cash Management, Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable, Fixed Assets
Projects
Costing, Billing, Time and Expense, Activity Management
Human Resources
Human Resources, Payroll, Training, Time & Attendance, Rostering, Benefits
Customer Relationship Management
Sales and Marketing, Commissions, Service, Customer Contact and Call Center support
Data Warehouse
and various Self-Service interfaces for Customers, Suppliers, and Employees
Access control ; user privilege as per authority levels for process execution
Customization; to meet the extension ,addition, change in process flow
Supplier relationship Management
The ERP system for AS/400 offering is called JDEdwards
The term Oracle Applications is the applications software or business software of Oracle Corp.. It refers to the non-database
parts of Oracle Corporation's software portfolio
Within the overall rubric of Oracle Applications, Oracle Corporation's E-Business Suite ("EB-Suite" or "EBS") consists of a co
resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM), and supply-chain management (SCM) computer applica
developed by or acquired by Oracle.
The E-Business Suite (, contains several product lines, including:
Oracle CRM
Oracle Financials
Oracle HRMS
Oracle Logistics
Oracle Mobile Supply chain Applications
Oracle Order Management
Oracle Transportation Management
Oracle Warehouse Management Systems
PeopleSoft, Inc. was a company that provided Human resource management systems (HRMS), customer relationship manag
Manufacturing, Financials, Enterprise Performance Management, and Student Administration software solutions to large corpo
governments, and organizations. PeopleSoft is also the name of the company's product suite.
Siebel Systems, Inc. was a software company principally engaged in the design, development, marketing, and support of CR
Siebel is now a brand name for the CRM products
SAP AG, a global software company headquartered in Walldorf, Germany or its various products.
Either SAP R/3 or SAP ERP, two versions of the enterprise resource planning software product of SAP AG.
The SAP ERP application is an integrated enterprise resource planning (ERP) software manufactured by SAP AG that targets
requirements of midsize and large organizations in all industries and sectors. It is the successor product to SAP R/3.
SAP ERP includes four individual solutions that support key functional areas:
SAP ERP Financials
SAP ERP Human Capital Management
SAP ERP Operations
SAP ERP Corporate Services
SAP R/3 is the former name of the main enterprise resource planning software produced by SAP AG. Its new name is SAP ER
SAP R/3 is arranged into distinct functional modules, covering the typical functions in place in an organization. The most widel
Financials and Controlling (FICO), Human Resources (HR), Materials Management (MM), Sales & Distribution (SD), and Prod
These modules may not all be implemented in a typical company but they are all related and are listed below
EH&S Environmental Health & Safety

Designed for the management of environmental regulatory information, particularly product safety data as required for Materia
EH&S has sub-modules of Product Safety, Dangerous Goods, Waste, Industrial Hygiene, and Occupational Health. These mo
populated with regulatory information from commercially available databases, such as the LOLI Database.
CFM Corporate Financial Management
FI Financial Accounting
Designed for automated management and external reporting of general ledger, accounts receivable, accounts payable and oth
accounts with a user defined chart of accounts. As entries are made relating to sales production and payments journal entries
posted. This connection means that the "books" are designed to reflect the real situation.
The FI module has 9 sub modules:
FI-GL
General Ledger Accounting
FI-LC
Consolidation
FI-AP
Accounts Payable
FI-AR
Accounts Receivable
FI-BL
Bank Accounting
FI-AA
Asset Accounting
FI-SL
Special Purpose Ledger
FI-FM
Funds Management
FI-CA
Contract Accounting
CO Controlling
Represents the company's flow of cost and revenue. It is a management instrument for organizational decisions. It too is autom
events occur.
The CO module has following sub modules:
CO-OM
Overhead Costing (Cost Centers, Activity Based Costing, Internal Order Costing)
CO-PA
Profitability Analysis
CO-PC
Product Cost Controlling
AM Asset Management
Designed to manage and supervise individual aspects of fixed assets including purchase and sale of assets, depreciation and
management.
PS Project System
Designed to support the planning, control and monitoring of long-term, highly complex projects with defined goals.
FS Insurance
An integral part of mySAP ERP, SAP for Insurance enables insurance companies to handle customer and market requirement
control profitability and economic viability.
IS Industry Solutions
Combines the SAP application modules and additional industry-specific functionality. Special techniques have been developed
as banking, oil and gas, pharmaceuticals, etc.
HR Human Resources
Complete integrated system for supporting the planning and control of personnel activities and HR module is sometimes equiv
HCM (Human Capital Management).
HR-OM
Organizational Management
HR-PA
Personnel Administration
HR-PB
Recruitment
HR-PD
Personnel Development
HR-PT
Time Management
HR-PY
Payroll Management
HR-TEM
Training and Event Management
HCM Human Capital Management

LE Logistics Execution
PLM Product Lifecycle Management
PM Plant Maintenance
Equipment servicing and rebuilding. These tasks affect the production plans.
MM Materials Management
Supports the procurement and inventory functions occurring in day-to-day business operations such as purchasing, inventory
point processing, etc.
QM Quality Management
A quality control and information system supporting quality planning, inspection, and control for manufacturing and procureme
PP Production Planning
Used to plan and control the manufacturing activities of a company. This module includes; bills of material, routings, work cent
operations planning, master production scheduling, material requirements planning, shop floor control, production orders, prod
SD Sales and Distribution

Helps to optimize all the tasks and activities carried out in sales, delivery and billing. Key elements are: presales support, inqu
quotation processing, sales order processing, delivery processing, billing and sales information system.
SCM
Supply Chain Management
SRM
Supplier Relationship Management
BW
Business Information Warehouse
SEM
Strategic Enterprise Management
WM Warehouse Management
Subdivides the Storage Location used in the MM sub-module Inventory Management that already defines inventory values by
into Storage Types, Storage Sections and then into Storage Bins. WM allows control of stocks to a physical level down to a wa
batch-managed, to the batch level within a bin. Placement and removal strategies can be configured, and physical inventory a
be done at this finite level.
HUM Handling Unit Management
Used as a unique ID for each pallet of stock held in the warehouse.
AF&R Advanced Forecasting & Replenishment
Mostly referred to as Forecasting & Replenishment
ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming), is a high level programming language created by the German softwar
SAP Basis is the technological platform that supports the entire range of SAP applications, now typically implemented in the fr
Web Application Server. In that sense SAP Basis can be seen as the "operating system" on which SAP applications run.
NetWeaver is SAP's integrated technology platform and is the technical foundation for all SAP applications since the SAP Bus
NetWeaver is marketed as a service-oriented application and integration platform
SAP NetWeaver's release is considered as a strategic move by SAP for driving enterprises to run their business on a single, i
that includes both applications and technology.
It is the latest version of SAP ERP

A complete architecture change took place with the introduction of mySAP ERP edition 2004. R/3 Enterprise was replaced wit
ERP Central Component (SAP ECC). The SAP Business Warehouse, SAP Strategic Enterprise Management and Internet Tra
also merged into SAP ECC, allowing users to run them under one instance. Architectural changes were also made to support
services architecture to transition customers to a services-oriented architecture.
Product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from its conception, throug
manufacture, to service and disposal.[1] PLM integrates people, data, processes and business systems and provides a produc
backbone for companies and their extended enterprise
Teamcenter is an integrated suite of Product Lifecycle Management applications from Siemens PLM Software.
1 Mainframes
2 Software migration
3 COBOL
4 PL1
7 IBM Mainframes
5 DB2
6 JCL
7 CICS
8 REXX
9 MVS
10 VSAM
11 AS/400
AS/400 Control Language

12 (CL)
13 RPG
14 CGIDEV2
15 ILE
LEGACY SKILLS : MAINFRAMES & AS400
Mainframes are computers used mainly by large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data processing
such as census, industry and consumer statistics, ERP, and financial transaction processing
Nearly all mainframes have the ability to run (or host) multiple operating systems, and thereby operate not as a single
computer but as a number of virtual machines. In this role, a single mainframe can replace dozens or even hundreds of
smaller servers.
A legacy code is any application based on older technologies and hardware, such as mainframes, that continues to
provide core services to an organization
Legacy Transformation, or legacy modernization, refers to the rewriting or porting of a legacy system to a modern
computer programming language, software libraries, protocols, or hardware platform. Sometimes referred to as software
migration, legacy transformation aims to retain and extend the value of the legacy investment through migration to new
platforms.
COBOLis one of the oldest programming languages still in active use. Its name is an acronym for COmmon Business-
Oriented Language, defining its primary domain in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and
governments.
PL/I ("Programming Language One"),is an imperative computer programming language designed for scientific,
engineering, and business applications. It is one of the most feature-rich programming languages. It has been used by
various academic, commercial and industrial users since it was introduced in the early 1960s, and is still actively used
today.
IBM mainframes, though perceived as synonymous with mainframe computers in general due to their marketshare, are
now technically and specifically IBM's line of business computers that can all trace their design evolution to the IBM
System/360.
Operating Systems
The primary operating systems in use on current IBM mainframes include z/OS (which followed MVS and OS/390),
z/VM (previously VM/CMS), z/VSE, z/TPF, and Linux on System z. A few systems run MUSIC/SP and UTS (Mainframe
UNIX). There are software-based emulators for the System/370, System/390, zSeries, and System z9 hardware,
including FLEX-ES and the freely available Hercules emulator which runs under Linux and Microsoft Windows. In
October, 2008, Sine Nomine Associates introduced OpenSolaris on System z.
Middleware
Current IBM mainframes run all the major enterprise transaction processing environments and databases, including
CICS, IMS, WebSphere Application Server, DB2, and Oracle. In many cases these software subsystems can run on
more than one mainframe operating system.
IBM DB2, in computing, a relational database management system, more recently coined a "data server" by IBM
Job Control Language, a scripting language used on IBM mainframe operating systems
CICS (Customer Information Control System) is a transaction server that runs primarily on IBM mainframe systems.
CICS is a transaction manager designed for rapid, high-volume online processing. This processing is mostly interactive
(screen-oriented), but background transactions are possible.
REXX (REstructured eXtended eXecutor) is an interpreted programming language which was developed at IBM. It is a
structured high-level programming language which was designed to be both easy to learn and easy to read. Both
commercial and open source interpreters for REXX are available on a wide range of computing platforms, and compilers
are available for IBM mainframes.
Multiple Virtual Storage, more commonly called MVS, was the most commonly used operating system on the
System/370 and System/390 IBM mainframe computers.
First released in 1974, MVS had been renamed multiple times, first to MVS/XA (eXtended Architecture), next to
MVS/ESA (Enterprise Systems Architecture), then to OS/390 (when UNIX System Services (USS) were added), and
finally to z/OS (when 64-bit support was added with the zSeries models). Its core remains fundamentally the same
operating system. By design, programs written for MVS can still run on z/OS without modification.
Virtual storage access method (VSAM) is an IBM disk file storage access method, first used in the OS/VS2 operating
system, later used throughout the Multiple Virtual Storage (MVS) architecture and now in z/OS.
The AS/400 was introduced in 1988 by IBM as a minicomputer for general business and departmental use. It underwent
several rebrandings until its last rebrand in 2006 to the name of IBM System i. It remained in production until April 2008
when it was replaced by the IBM Power Systems line. It uses an object-based library-based operating system called
IBM i
The AS/400 Control Language (CL) is a scripting language for the IBM AS/400 midrange platform bearing a
resemblance to the IBM Job Control Language and consisting of an ever expanding set of command objects (*CMD)
used to invoke traditional AS/400 programs and/or get help on what those programs do.
RPG is a programming language for business applications. Originally an initialism for Report Program Generator,
RPG (aka RPG IV aka RPGLE) is the mainstay programming language of the IBM System i platform.
CGIDEV2 is a free and open source iSeries (AS/400) based program development toolkit that facilitates the
development of interactive web-based programs using RPG ILE or Cobol
Integrated Language Environment, on IBM's System i (i5, iSeries or AS/400) computers IBM RPG
1 .NET
2 Components of .NET Framework

3 CL1
4 C#
5 C++/CLI
6 F#
7 J#:
8 Windows PowerShell
9 IronPython
10 IronRuby
11 Managed Extensions for
12 Managed JScript
13 VBx
14 VB.NET
15 A#
16 Boo
17 Cobra
18 Chrome
19 Component Pascal
20 IronLisp
21 L#
22 Lexico
23 Mondrian
24 Nemerle
25 P#
26 Phalanger
27 Phrogram
28 #Smalltalk
29 AVR.NET
30 Active Oberon
31 APLNext
32 Common Larceny
33 Delphi.NET
34 Delta Forth .NET
35 DotLisp
36 EiffelEnvision
37 Fortran .NET
38 Gardens Point Modula
39 Haskell for .NET
40 Haskell.net
41 Hugs for .NET
42 IronScheme
43 LOLCode.NET
44 Mercury on .NET
45 Net Express
46 NetCOBOL
47 OxygenScheme
48 S#
49 IoNET
50 PL/IL
51 sml.net
52 Wildcat Cobol
53 X#
54 Ja.NET
55 Visual Basics (VB)
Visual Basic for

56 Applications (VBA)
57 VBScript
58 Visual Basic .NET

59 Star Basic
60 Gambas
Extensible Markup
61 Language (XML)
Extensible Application
62 Mark up Language
63 nHibernate
DOTNET & VB
(.NET) A comprehensive software development platform from Microsoft that was introduced in 2000 as the company's next
generation programming environment. Pronounced "dot-net," and widely known as the ".NET Framework," it was designed to
compete with the J
The European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) has standardized .NET as the Common Language Infrastructu
(CLI). ECMA also standardized the C# programming language, designed by Microsoft to be the flagship .NET language.
Depending on the class li
of .NET Framework
.NET assembly: In the Microsoft .NET framework, an assembly is a partially compiled code library for use in deployment,
versioning and security. In the Microsoft Windows implementation of .NET, an assembly is a PE (portable executable) file for
Windows GU
.NET metadata : .NET metadata, in the Microsoft .NET framework, refers to certain data structures embedded within the Com
Intermediate Language code that describes the high-level structure of the code. Metadata describes all classes and class
members t
.NET Remoting: .NET Remoting is a Microsoft application programming interface (API) for interprocess communication releas
in 2002 with the 1.0 version of .NET Framework. It is one in a series of Microsoft technologies that began in 1990 with the first
ADO.NET: ADO.NET is a set of computer software components that can be used by programmers to access data and data
services. It is a part of the base class library that is included with the Microsoft .NET Framework. It is commonly used by
programmers to ac
ASP.NET: ASP.NET is a web application framework developed and marketed by Microsoft to allow programmers to build dyna
web sites, web applications and web services. It was first released in January 2002 with version 1.0 of the .NET Framework, a
is th
Base Class Library: The Base Class Library (BCL) is a standard library available to all languages using the .NET Framework
.NET includes the BCL in order to encapsulate a large number of common functions, such as file reading and writing, graphic
renderi
Common Intermediate Language: Common Intermediate Language (CIL, pronounced either "sil" or "kil") (formerly called
Microsoft Intermediate Language or MSIL) is the lowest-level human-readable programming language in the Common Langua
Infrastructure and
Common Language Infrastructure: The Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) is an open specification developed by
Microsoft that describes the executable code and runtime environment that form the core of a number of runtimes including the
Microsoft .NET Fr
Common Language Runtime: The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is the virtual machine component of Microsoft's .NET
initiative. It is Microsoft's implementation of the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) standard, which defines an execution
environment for p
Common Type System: The Common Type System (CTS) is a standard that specifies how Type definitions and specific valu
of Types are represented in computer memory. It is intended to allow programs written in different programming languages to
easily share
Virtual Execution System: The Virtual Execution System(VES) provides an environment for executing managed code. It
provides direct support for a set of built-in data types, defines a hypothetical machine with an associated machine model and
state, a set o
Windows CardSpace: Windows CardSpace (codenamed InfoCard), is Microsoft's client software for the Identity Metasystem.
CardSpace is an instance of a class of identity client software called an Identity Selector. CardSpace stores references to user
digit
Windows Communication Foundation: Windows Communication Foundation, or just WCF, is a programming framework use
to build applications that inter-communicate. WCF is the part of the .NET Framework dedicated to communications
Windows Forms: Windows Forms is the name given to the graphical user interface application programming interface (API)
included as a part of Microsoft's .NET Framework, providing access to the native Microsoft Windows interface elements by
wrapping the ex
Windows Presentation Foundation: The Windows Presentation Foundation (or WPF), formerly code-named Avalon, is a
graphical subsystem in .NET Framework 3.0 (formerly called WinFX)[1], which uses a markup language, known as XAML for r
user interface devel
Windows Workflow Foundation: Windows Workflow... Foundation (WF) is a Microsoft technology for defining, executing, an
managing workflows. This technology was first released in November 2006 as a part of .NET Framework 3.0.
.NET Languages: CLI Languages are computer programming languages that are used to produce libraries and programs tha
conform to the Common Language Infrastructure specifications. With some notable exceptions, most CLI languages compile
entirely to the Co
Common CLI Languages
C#: Most widely used CLI language, bearing similarities to C++ and Java. Implementations provided by .NET Framework,
Portable.NET and Mono.
C++/CLI: A version of C++ including extensions for using CLR objects. Implementation provided only .NET Framework. Can
produce either CIL-based managed code or mixed-mode code that mixes both managed code as well as native code. The
compiler is provided b
F#: A multi-paradigm CLI language supporting functional programming as well as imperative object-oriented programming
disciplines. Variant of ML and is largely compatible with OCaml. The compiler provided by Microsoft.
J#: A CLS-compliant implementation of Java. The compiler is provided by Microsoft. Microsoft has announced that J# will be
discontinued.
Windows PowerShell: An object-oriented command line shell.
IronPython: An open-source CLI implementation of Python, currently being re-designed to leverage the DLR.
IronRuby: An open-source CLI implementation of Ruby, built on top of the DLR.
Managed Extensions for C++: A version of C++ targeting the CLR. Deprecated in favor of C++/CLI.
Managed JScript: A CLI implementation of JScript built using the Dynamic Language Runtime. Conforms to ECMAScript
version 3.
VBx: A dynamic version of VB.NET built on top of the Dynamic Language Runtime. See VBScript and VBA as this could be
thought of being used like a Managed VBScript (though so far this name has not been applied to this) and could be used to
replace VBA as w
VB.NET: A redesigned, object-oriented dialect of Visual Basic. Implementations provided by .NET Framework and Mono.
A#: CLI implementation of Ada.

Boo: A statically typed CLI language, inspired by Python.
Cobra: A CLI language with both static as well as dynamic typing.
Chrome: An Object Pascal-based CLI language.
Component Pascal: A CLI language inspired by Pascal and Oberon.
IronLisp: A CLI implementation of Lisp. Deprecated in favor of IronScheme.
L#: A CLI implementation of Lisp.
Lexico: A didactic in Spanish object-oriented language.
Mondrian: A CLI based functional language designed to provide an easy way of scripting components.
Nemerle: A functional/imperative hybrid language similar to C#, Perl and Lisp.
P#: A CLI implementation of Prolog programming language
Phalanger: An implementation of the PHP programming language with extensions for ASP.NET
Phrogram: A custom CLI language for beginners and intermediate users. Formerly called KPL (Kids Programming Languag
and produced by The Phrogram Company
Other CLI languages
#Smalltalk - a CLI implementation of the Smalltalk programming language

AVR.NET - a CLI implementation of the RPG programming language.
Active Oberon - a CLI implementation of the Oberon
APLNext - a CLI implementation of the APL programming language
Common Larceny- a CLI implementation of the Scheme programming language
Delphi.NET - a CLI language implementation of the Borland Delphi language.
Delta Forth .NET - a CLI implementation of the Forth programming language from Dataman
DotLisp - a CLI language inspired by the Lisp programming language
EiffelEnvision - a CLI implementation of the Eiffel programming language
Fortran .NET: Fortran compiling to .NET
Gardens Point Modula-2/CLR - an implementation of the Modula-2 programming language that can target CIL
Haskell for .NET - a CLI language inspired by the Haskell programming language
Haskell.net - an upcoming CLI language inspired by the Haskell programming language
Hugs for .NET - a CLI language inspired by the Haskell programming language
IronScheme - a R6RS compliant Scheme implementation based on parts of the Microsoft DLR (about 15% and shrinking)
LOLCode.NET - a CLI implementation of the LOLCODE language.

Mercury on .NET - an implementation of the Mercury programming language that can target CIL
Net Express - a CLI implementation of COBOL
NetCOBOL - a CLI implementation of COBOL
OxygenScheme - a CLI implementation of the Scheme programming language
S# - a CLI implementation of the Smalltalk programming language
IoNET - a CLI implementation of Io (programming language)
PL/IL - a CLI implementation of PL/I
sml.net - a CLI implementation of Standard ML
Wildcat Cobol - a CLI implementation of COBOL
X# - a CLI implementation of ASM developed for Cosmos. X# was also the codename for the XML-capabilities of Cω.
Ja.NET - an open source implementation of a Java 5 JDK (Java development tools and runtime) for .NET
Microsoft has developed derivatives of Visual Basic for use in scripting. Visual Basic itself is derived heavily from BASIC, and
subsequently has been replaced with a .NET platform version.
Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) is included in many Microsoft applications (Microsoft Office), and also in many third-par
products like SolidWorks, AutoCAD, WordPerfect Office 2002, ArcGIS and Sage Accpac ERP. There are small inconsistencies
the
VBScript is the default language for Active Server Pages. It can be used in Windows scripting and client-side web page script
Although it resembles VB in syntax, it is a separate language and it is executed by vbscript.dll as opposed to the VB runtime
Visual Basic .NET is Microsoft's designated successor to Visual Basic 6.0, and is part of Microsoft's .NET platform. Visual
Basic.Net compiles and runs using the .NET Framework. It is not backwards compatible with VB6. An automated conversion to
exists,
Star Basic is a Visual Basic compatible interpreter included in StarOffice suite, developed by Sun Microsystems.
Gambas is a Visual Basic inspired free software programming language for GNU/Linux. It is not a clone of Visual Basic, but it
does have the ability to convert Visual Basic programs to Gambas.
XML : The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a general-purpose specification for creating custom markup languages.[1
is classified as an extensible language, because it allows the user to define the mark-up elements. XML's purpose is to aid
informati
XAML: Extensible Application Mark up Language is a mark up language used for rich user interface development. based o
XML. XAML is designed as a more efficient method of developing application user interfaces.
nHibernate: NHibernate is an Object-relational mapping (ORM) solution for the Microsoft .NET platform: it provides an easy to
use framework for mapping an object-oriented domain model to a traditional relational database
Structure of .Net Framework:

1 JAVA
2 Java Platform:
3 JVM
4 JRE & JIT
5 JDK
6 Java Version history
J2SE
J2EE
7 JAVA LANGUAGE
8 SWING
9 Applet
10 Servelet
11 JSP
12 Java Application Servers
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
13 Hibernate
14 Tomcat
15 API
16 EJB
a Stateful Session Beans

b Stateless Session Beans
c Message Driven Beans
17 JMS
18 JDBC
19 JAVA BEANS
20 AWT
21 JFC
22 MQ Series
23 CORBA
24 Webserver
25 HTTP
26 Web browser
27 HTML
28 Mark up language
29 Java script
30 PYTHON
31 RUBY
32 C
33 C++
34 Cold Fusion
35 PERL
36 Shellscript
37 CGI
38 Application software
JAVA
An Object oriented high level programming language developed by Sun Microsystems.
refers to a number of computer software products and specifications from Sun Microsystems that together
provide a system for developing application software and deploying it in a cross-platform environment.
Java platform is the name for a bundle of related programs, or platform, from Sun which allow for
developing and running programs written in the Java programming language.
Java virtual Machine

The heart of the Java Platform is the concept of a "virtual machine" that executes Java bytecode
programs. This bytecode is the same no matter what hardware or operating system the program is
running under.
A Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is a set of computer software programs and data structures which use a
virtual machine model for the execution of other computer programs and scripts.
The JVM, which is the instance of the JRE (Java Runtime Environment), comes into action when a Java
program is executed. When execution is complete, this instance is garbage-collected. JIT is the part of th
JVM that is used to speed up the execution time
Sun also distributes a superset of the JRE called the Java 2 SDK (more commonly known as the JDK)
which includes development tools such as the Java compiler, Javadoc, Jar and debugger.
Java Development Kit (JDK) is a Sun product aimed at Java developers. Since the introduction of Java,
it has been by far the most widely used Java SDK. It contains a Java compiler and a number of other
important development tools as well as a full copy of
The Java language has undergone several changes since JDK (Java Development Kit) 1.0 was released
JDK 1.1
J2SE 1.2 :This and subsequent releases through J2SE 5.0 were rebranded Java 2 and the version name
"J2SE" (Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition) replaced JDK to distinguish the base platform from J2EE
(Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) and J2ME (Java 2 Pl
J2SE 1.3
J2SE 1.4
J2SE 5.0
J2SE: Java Platform, Standard Edition or Java SE is a widely used platform for programming in the
Java language. It is the Java Platform used to deploy portable applications for general use.
J2EE: Java Platform, Enterprise Edition or Java EE is a widely used platform for server programming
in the Java programming language. The Java EE Platform differs from the Standard Edition (SE) of Java
in that it adds libraries which provide functionality
Java is a programming language originally developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1995 as a
core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. One characteristic of Java is portability, which
means that computer programs written in the Java language
Swing is a graphical user interface library for the Java SE platform.Swing is a GUI toolkit for Java
An applet is a software component that runs in the context of another program

A Java applet is an applet delivered to the users in the form of Java bytecode. Java applets can run in a
Web browser using a Java Virtual Machine (JVM),
A servlet can almost be thought of as an applet that runs on the server side
Java Servlet technology provides Web developers with a simple, consistent mechanism for extending the
functionality of a Web server and for accessing existing business systems
JavaServer Pages (JSPs) are server-side Java EE components that generate responses
A JSP is compiled to a Java servlet, a Java application in its own right, the first time it is accessed. After
that, the generated servlet creates the response.
An application server, in an n-tier architecture, a server.

Among the better known Java application servers are:
Websphere application server (IBM)
WebSphere Application Server Community Edition (IBM),
Sybase Enterprise Application Server (Sybase Inc),
WebLogic Server (BEA) ( Oracle Corporation)
Jboss (Red Hat)
Jrun(Adobe)
Apache Geranemo(Apache Corporation)
Oracle OC4J (Oracle Corporation)
Sun Java System Application Server (Sun Microsystems),
SAP Netweaver AS (SAP),
Glassfish Application Server (based on Sun Java System Application Server).
Hibernate is an object-relational mapping (ORM) library for the Java language, providing a framework for
mapping an object-oriented domain model to a traditional relational database
Hibernate's primary feature is mapping from Java classes to database tables (and from Java data types to
SQL data types). Hibernate also provides data query and retrieval facilities.
Apache Tomcat is a Servlet container developed by the Apache Software Foundation (ASF). Tomcat
implements the Java Servlet and the JavaServer Pages (JSP) specifications from Sun Microsystems, and
provides a "pure Java" HTTP web server environment for Java
An application programming interface (API) is a set of functions, procedures, methods, classes or

protocols that an operating system, library or service provides to support requests made by computer
programs.
Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) is a managed, server-side component architecture for modular construction
of enterprise applications.
The EJB specification is one of several Java APIs in the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition
An EJB container holds two major types of beans:
Session Beans, which can be either "Stateful" or "Stateless"
Message Driven Beans (also known as MDBs or Message Beans)
are distributed objects having state: that is, they keep track of which calling program they are dealing with
throughout a session
are distributed objects that do not have state associated with them thus allowing concurrent access to the
The message bean represents the integration of JMS (Java Message Service) with EJB to create an
entirely new type of bean designed to handle asynchronous JMS messages
The Java Message Service (JMS) API is a Java Message Oriented Middleware (MOM) API for sending
messages between two or more clients. JMS is a part of the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition, and is
defined by a specification developed under the Java Communi
Messaging is a form of loosely coupled distributed communication, where in this context the term
'communication' can be understood as an exchange of messages between software components
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) is an API for the Java programming language that defines how a
client may access a database. It provides methods for querying and updating data in a database.
JavaBeans are reusable software components for Java that can be manipulated visually in a builder tool.
Practically, they are classes written in the Java programming language conforming to a particular
convention
The Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) is Java's original platform-independent windowing, graphics, and
user-interface widget toolkit. The AWT is now part of the Java Foundation Classes (JFC) — the standard
API for providing a graphical user interface (GUI) fo
The Java Foundation Classes (JFC) are a graphical framework for building portable Java-based
graphical user interfaces (GUIs). JFC consists of the Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT), Swing and Java 2D
Together, they provide a consistent user interface for Jav
A member of the WebSphere family from IBM, WebSphere MQ (formerly MQSeries) is the most
popular[1] system for messaging across multiple platforms, including Windows, Linux, IBM mainframe and
midrange, and Unix. WebSphere MQ is often referred to as "MQ" or
WebSphere MQ provides assured one-time delivery of messages across a wide variety of platforms. The
product emphasizes reliability and robustness of message traffic, and ensures that a message should
never be lost if MQ is appropriately configured.
WebSphere MQ allows receipt of messages to "trigger" other applications to run, and thus provides the
framework for a message driven architecture.
The Common Object Requesting Broker Architecture (CORBA) is a standard defined by the Object
Management Group (OMG) that enables software components written in multiple computer languages
and running on multiple computers to work together.
CORBA uses an interface definition language (IDL) to specify the interfaces that objects will present to the
outside world. CORBA then specifies a “mapping” from IDL to a specific implementation language like C+
+ or Java.
GENERAL
The term web server can mean one of two things:
1. A computer program that is responsible for accepting HTTP requests from clients (user agents such
as web browsers), and serving them HTTP responses along with optional data contents, which usually
are web pages such as HTML documents and linked objects
2. A computer that runs a computer program as described above.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a communications protocol. Its use for retrieving inter-linked text
documents (hypertext) led to the establishment of the World Wide Web
A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text, images,
videos, music, games and other information typically located on a Web page at a website on the World
Wide Web or a local area network.
HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for Web pages
A markup language is an artificial language using a set of annotations to text that give instructions
regarding the structure of text or how it is to be displayed.
JavaScript is a scripting language widely used for client-side web development
Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language
Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, general purpose object-oriented programming language that combines
syntax inspired by Perl with Smalltalk-like features
In computing, C is a general-purpose computer programming language
C++ ("C Plus Plus") is a general-purpose programming language. It is regarded as a middle-level

language, as it comprises a combination of both high-level and low-level language features
ColdFusion, a dynamic language specialized for Web development which is compiled to Java bytecode.
Perl is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language.
A shell script is a script written for the shell, or command line interpreter, of an operating system. It is
often considered a simple domain-specific programming language
Common Gateway Interface (CGI) is a standard protocol for interfacing external application software
with an information server, commonly a web server
is any tool that functions and is operated by means of a computer

ss to the bean.
1 SOFTWARE TESTING
2 SQA
3 SQC
4 TESTING LEVELS
a Unit Testing
b Integration Testing
c System Testing
d System Integration Testing
5 TESTING METHODS
a Black box testing
b White box testing

c Grey Box Testing
Non Functional Software

6 Testing
a Performance testing
b Usability testing
c Security testing
Internationalization and
d localization
Alpha Testing & Beta

7 Testing
8 Acceptance Testing
9 Regression Testing
10 Manual Testing
11 Load Testing
12 Automated testing
12 GUI TESTING TOOLS
14 MERCURY INTERACTIVE
a LoadRunner
b WinRunner
c QTP
15 SILK TEST
TESTING
Software testing is an empirical investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the prod
service under test, with respect to the context in which it is intended to operate. This includes, but is not limited to,
A primary purpose for testing is to detect software failures so that defects may be uncovered and corrected
software testing may be viewed as an important part of the software quality assurance (SQA) process
Software quality assurance is distinct from software quality control which includes reviewing requirements documents, and sof
testing. SQA encompasses the entire software development process, which includes processes such as software design, codi
Software Quality Control (also known as Verification and Validation and also software testing) consists of a means of control
quality of software engineering products. It does this by means of tests of the software system. These tests can be unit
Unit Testing
Integration Testing
System Testing
System Integration Testing
In computer programming, unit testing is a method of testing that verifies the individual units of source code are working prop
unit is the smallest testable part of an application. In procedural programming a unit may be an individual program, fun
'Integration testing' (sometimes called Integration and Testing, abbreviated I&T) is the phase of software testing in which indiv
software modules are combined and tested as a group. It follows unit testing and precedes system testing.
System testing of software or hardware is testing conducted on a complete, integrated system to evaluate the system's comp
with its specified requirements. System testing falls within the scope of black box testing
System integration testing verifies that a system is integrated to any external or third party systems defined in the system
requirements.
Software testing methods are traditionally divided into black box testing and white box testing. These two approaches are used
describe the point of view that a test engineer takes when designing test cases
Black box testing
White box testing
Grey Box Testing
Non Functional Software Testing
Black box testing treats the software as a black box without any knowledge of internal implementation. Black box testing met
include equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, all-pairs testing, fuzz testing, model-based testing, traceability
The black box tester has no "bonds" with the code, and a tester's perception is very simple: a code MUST have bugs. Using th
principle, "Ask and you shall receive," black box testers find bugs where programmers don't. BUT, on the other hand, black bo
White box testing, by contrast to black box testing, is when the tester has access to the internal data structures and algorithm
the code that implement these)
White box testing methods can also be used to evaluate the completeness of a test suite that was created with black box testin
methods. This allows the software team to examine parts of a system that are rarely tested and ensures that the most importa
This involves having access to internal data structures and algorithms for purposes of designing the test cases, but testing at t
or black-box level.
Special methods exist to test non-functional aspects of software.

Performance testing
Usability testing
Security testing
Internationalization and localization
In software engineering, performance testing is testing that is performed, from one perspective, to determine how fast some
a system performs under a particular workload. It can also serve to validate and verify other quality attributes of the s
Usability testing is needed to check if the user interface is easy to use and understand.
Security testing is essential for software which processes confidential data and to prevent system intrusion by hackers.
Internationalization and localization is needed to test these aspects of software, for which a pseudolocalization method can
Before shipping the final version of software, alpha and beta testing are often done additionally:
Alpha testing is simulated or actual operational testing by potential users/customers or an independent test team at the devel
site. Alpha testing is often employed for off-the-shelf software as a form of internal acceptance testing, before the soft
Beta testing comes after alpha testing. Versions of the software, known as beta versions, are released to a limited audience o
the programming team. The software is released to groups of people so that further testing can ensure the product has f
Acceptance testing can be conducted by the end-user, customer, or client to validate whether or not to accept the product. A
testing may be performed as part of the hand-off process between any two phases of developmen
After modifying software, either for a change in functionality or to fix defects, a regression test re-runs previously passing test
modified software to ensure that the modifications haven't unintentionally caused a regression of previous function
Manual testing is the oldest and most rigorous type of software testing. Manual testing requires a tester to perform manual te
operations on the test software without the help of Test automation. Manual testing is a laborious activity that requires the
Load testing generally refers to the practice of modeling the expected usage of a software program by simulating multiple use
accessing the program concurrently.
Test automation is the use of software to control the execution of tests, the comparison of actual outcomes to predicted outco
setting up of test preconditions, and other test control and test reporting functions. Commonly, test automation involve
GUI testing tools serve the purpose of automating the testing process of GUI applications. Some better known tools are:
1. TestPartner from Compuware
2. QuickTest Professional (QTP) from Hewlett-Packard (formerly from Mercury)
3. WinRunner from Hewlett-Packard (formerly from Mercury)
4. LoadRunner from Hewlett-Packard (formerly from Mercury)
5. SilkTest from Borland (formerly from Segue)
6. Rational Functional Tester (RFT) from IBM
7. QF-Test from Quality First Software, for Java/Swing, Eclipse/SWT and HTML only
8. GUIdancer from Bredex, only for Java (Swing/SWT) and HTML
9. Ranorex
10. iMacros
11. AutoIt
12. Fitnesse
13. Dogtail from Red Hat
14. Abbot_(framework) (Open Source)
15. Linux Desktop Testing Project from freedesktop.org
16. SWTBot -- for functional testing of SWT and Eclipse based applications.
17. Test Automation FX - Windows UI testing with Visual Studio
18. web2test from itCampus - functional test tool for web applications
19. iTestBot from AKS-Labs - images based testing tool
20. Automation Anywhere from Tethys Solutions
21. RIATest for Flex
22. Eggplant Functional Tester
HP Mercury (formerly Mercury Interactive) is a subsidiary of Hewlett-Packard that is a market leader[citation needed] in autom
software quality assurance and offers products in other areas such as diagnostics, monitoring, and IT governance
Products of HP Mercury
WinRunner is a functional GUI testing tool.
QuickTest Professional (QTP) is a functional GUI testing tool.
LoadRunner is a load testing tool.
Performance Center is an enterprise-class application for performance testing manageable via the web.
TestDirector for Quality Center is a management tool for all aspects of software testing, ranging from capturing requirements, s
test scripts, test execution and defect management.
LoadRunner is a performance and load testing product by Hewlett-Packard (Formerly from Mercury) for examining system be
and performance, while generating actual load. LoadRunner can emulate hundreds or thousands of concurrent users to put th
HP/Mercury Interactive's WinRunner is an automated functional GUI testing tool that allows a user to record and play back UI
interactions as test scripts.
Quick Test Professional (QTP) is an automated functional Graphical User Interface (GUI) testing tool created by the HP sub
Mercury Interactive that allows the automation of user actions on a web or client based computer application. It is primarily
SilkTest is an automation tool for testing the functionality of enterprise applications in most versions of Windows, Sun Solaris
and Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS 2.1 & 3.0[1]. It is produced by Segue Software which was acquired by Borland in 2006.
SilkTest uses the proprietary 4Test language for automation scripting. It is an object oriented language similar to C++. It uses
concepts of classes, objects, and inheritance.
1 System Administrator
Related Fields
2 DBA
3 Network administrator
4 Security Administrator
5 Web Administrator
6 Technical Support
7 Computer Operator
8 Application Analyst
9 Systems Architect
10 Systems Design
11 Systems Management
12 Network Management
13 OSS
14 HP OpenView(OVSAM)
15 NNM
16 NMS
17 SNMP
18 OpenNMS
19 SVC
20 metaSAN
21 SAN
22 NAS
23 NFS
24 RFC
25 RAID
26 FCP
27 SCSI
28 CLEARCASE
29 BMC Patrol
INFRASTRUCTURE
A system administrator, systems administrator, or sysadmin, is a person employed to maintain and operate a computer s
network. System administrators may be members of an information technology department
Many organizations staff other jobs related to systems administration. In a larger company, these may all be separate position
computer support or Information Services (IS) department. In a smaller group they may be shared by a few sysadmins, or
A database administrator (DBA) maintains a database system, and is responsible for the integrity of the data and the efficien
performance of the system.
A network administrator maintains network infrastructure such as switches and routers, and diagnoses problems with these
behavior of network-attached computers.
A security administrator is a specialist in computer and network security, including the administration of security devices suc
as well as consulting on general security measures.
A web administrator maintains web server services (such as IIS or Apache) that allow for internal or external access to web s
include managing multiple sites, administering security, and configuring necessary components and software. Responsibi
Technical support staff respond to individual users' difficulties with computer systems, provide instructions and sometimes tra
diagnose and solve common problems.
A computer operator performs routine maintenance and upkeep, such as changing backup tapes or replacing failed drives in
Such tasks usually require physical presence in the room with the computer; and while less skilled than sysadmin tasks r
an application analyst is someone whose job is to support a given application or applications. This may entail some program
system administration skills, and the ability to analyse a given problem
In systems engineering, the systems architect is the high-level designer of a system to be implemented. They establish the b
the system, defining the core design features that are hard to change later. They provide the vision for where th
Systems design is the process or art of defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data for a system to
requirements. One could see it as the application of systems theory to product development
Systems management refers to enterprise-wide administration of distributed computer systems.
Network management is the discipline in computing dealing with operating, managing and monitoring voice and data network
Network management is often defined as consisting of five areas, using the acronym FCAPS:
Fault Management
Configuration Management
Accounting (Administration)
Performance Management
Security Management.
Open source software (OSS) can be defined as computer software for which the human-readable source code is made avai
that meets the Open Source Definition. This permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it i
HP OpenView Storage Area Manager (OVSAM) is a Hewlett Packard software suite for management of storage resources a
infrastructure.
Network Node Manager (NNM) is a Hewlett Packard OpenView product which manages networks. It uses SNMP to talk to ne
allowing them to be autodiscovered, monitored and controlled. NNM determines and displays physical and logical connectivity
A Network Management System (NMS) is a combination of hardware and software used to monitor and administer a network
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a component of the Internet Protocol Suite as defined by the Internet Eng
Force (IETF). SNMP is used in network management systems to monitor network-attached devices for conditions that warrant
OpenNMS is an enterprise-grade network monitoring platform developed under the open source software model. It consists o
supported, open-source project as well as an organization offering commercial services, training and support.
In computer data storage, the IBM SAN Volume Controller (SVC) is a block storage virtualization appliance
metaSAN is Tiger Technology's cross-platform Storage Area Network (SAN) management software.
A storage area network (SAN) is an architecture to attach remote computer storage devices (such as disk arrays, tape librari
jukeboxes) to servers in such a way that the devices appear as locally attached to the operating system
Network-attached storage (NAS) is file-level computer data storage connected to a computer network providing data access
heterogeneous network clients.
Network File System (NFS) is a network file system protocol originally developed by Sun Microsystems in 1983, allowing a us
computer to access files over a network as easily as if the network devices were attached to its local disks.
In computer network engineering, a Request for Comments (RFC) is a memorandum published by the Internet Engineering T
(IETF) describing methods, behaviors, research, or innovations applicable to the working of the Internet and Internet-connecte
RAID — which stands for "Redundant Array of Independent Disks" (originally and more informally "...Inexpensive Disks")[1] —
that employs the simultaneous use of two or more hard disk drives to achieve greater levels of performance, reliabi
Fibre Channel, or FC, is a gigabit-speed network technology primarily used for storage networking.Fibre Channel Protocol (
transport protocol (similar to TCP used in IP networks) which predominantly transports SCSI commands over Fibre Channel n
Small Computer System Interface, or SCSI , is a set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between co
List of SAN network management systems

Apple Xsan
Brocade Fabric Manager
Cisco Fabric Manager
DataCore Software SANmelody
DataCore Software SANsymphony
Enterprise Fabric Connectivity (EFC) Manager
EMC VisualSAN
EMC VisualSRM
EMC ControlCenter
EMC Invista
Hitachi Data Systems HiCommand
HP OpenView Storage Area Manager
IBM SAN Volume Controller
Tiger Technology MetaSAN
Symantec Veritas Command central Storage
Rational ClearCase is a software tool for revision control (e.g. configuration management, SCM) of source code and other so
development assets.
ClearCase can run on a number of platforms including Linux, HP-UX, Solaris and Windows.
BMC Performance Manager products deliver business-centric systems management and intelligent optimization solutions for y
infrastructure and business-critical applications. These solutions work together to provide fast, automated problem resolution a
optimization. Together with other BMC offerings, these products enable Business Service Management (BSM), enabling you t
optimize your IT investment—and run your business more efficiently
uters and peripheral devices
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
History of UNIX
1969: Developed at AT&T Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, one of the largest research facilities in the world. Created in
Developed by researchers who needed a set of computing tools to help them with their projects and their collaborators. Allo
1975: AT&T makes UNIX widely available - offered to educational institutions at minimal cost. Becomes popular with univers
1984 to date: University of California, Berkeley adds major enhancements, creates Berkeley Standard Distribution (BSD)
1984 to date: Many Berkeley features incorporated into new AT&T version: System V
UNIX has become the operating system of choice for engineering and scientific workstations.
Two variations maintain popularity today, AT&T System V based and the Berkeley Standard Distribution.
Current versions (1/95)are System V release 4.2 .and 4.4 BSD
Work is in progress to develop a Portable Operating System specification based on UNIX (IEEE POSIX committee).
UNIX Philosophy
Make each program do one thing well. Reusable software tools: 1 tool = 1 function
Expect the output of every program to become the input of another, yet unknown, program to combine simple tools to perfor
Prototyping: get something small working as soon as possible and modify it incrementally until it is finished
Use terse commands and messages: reduces typing and screen output
Why UNIX?
Hardware independence
operating system code is written in C language rather than a specific assembly language
operating system software can be easily moved from one hardware system to another
UNIX applications can be easily moved to other UNIX machines. Porting is usually as simple as transfer of the source and
Productive environment for software development
rich set of tools
versatile command language
Distributed processing and multi-tasking
UNIX Components
Kernel
The core of the UNIX system. Loaded at system start up (boot). Memory-resident control program.
Manages the entire resources of the system, presenting them to you and every other user as a coherent system. Provides
Example functions performed by the kernel are:
managing the machine's memory and allocating it to each process.
scheduling the work done by the CPU so that the work of each user is carried out as efficiently as is possible.
accomplishing the transfer of data from one part of the machine to another
interpreting and executing instructions from the shell
enforcing file access permissions
You do not need to know anything about the kernel in order to use a UNIX system. These details are provided for your inf
Shell
Whenever you login to a Unix system you are placed in a shell program. The shell's prompt is usually visible at the cursor
The shell is a command interpreter; it takes each command and passes it to the operating system kernel to be acted upon
Several shells are usually available on any UNIX system, each with its own strengths and weaknesses.
Different users may use different shells. Initially, your system adminstrator will supply a default shell, which can be overrid
Bourne shell (sh)
C shell (csh)
Korn shell (ksh)
TC Shell (tcsh)
Bourne Again Shell (bash)
Each shell also includes its own programming language. Command files, called "shell scripts" are used to accomplish a se
Utilities
UNIX provides several hundred utility programs, often referred to as commands.
Accomplish universal functions
editing
file maintenance
printing
sorting
programming support
online info
etc.
Modular: single functions can be grouped to perform more complex tasks
System V vs. BSD

AT&T distributes System V for their computers. System V is also the basis for several commercial implementations including
Hewlett-Packard HP-UX
Apple AUX
Amdahl UTS
Cray UNICOS
IBM AIX.
BSD, from the University of California Berkeley, has undergone extensive modification and enhancement in the university en
BSD is available directly from UCB and in a number of commercial versions including: Sun, Apollo, DEC Ultrix, Gould UTX/3
System V and BSD contain a large set of commands in common. Some of these commands, however, support different opti
Each version also has its own unique utilities. Some very common tasks, such as browsing a file, are performed by totally di
UNIX
UNIX: A popular multi-user, multitasking operating system developed at Bell Labs in the early 1970s. Cre
programmers, UNIX was designed to be a small, flexible system used exclusively by programmers. UNIX
Solaris is a Unix-based operating system introduced by Sun Microsystems
HP-UX 11i (Hewlett Packard UniX) is Hewlett-Packard's proprietary implementation of the Unix operating
AIX (Advanced Interactive eXecutive) is the name given to a series of proprietary operating systems so
computer system platforms
Linux (commonly pronounced IPA: /ˈlɪnəks/ in English; variants exist [1]) is a generic term that commonly
operating systems that use the Linux kernel
C is a general-purpose computer programming language
SCO OpenServer, previously SCO UNIX and SCO Open Desktop (SCO ODT), is a closed source versio
operating system
The Single UNIX Specification (SUS) is the collective name of a family of standards for computer operat
name "Unix".
GENERAL
Operating system: A set of routines and programs that control a system's resources and provide access
Windows XP, Athena (unix), Linux, Macintosh OS X. . An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS an
sof
The Open Group is most famous as the certifying body for the UNIX trademark
Server is a computer program that provides services to other computer programs (and their users), in the
Client-server - is the software architecture model that distinguishes client systems from server systems,
computer network
TCP/IP :The Internet Protocol Suite (commonly TCP/IP) is the set of communications protocols used for
similar networks. It is named from two of the most important protocols in it: the Transmission Control Proto
MS-DOS (short for Microsoft Disk Operating System) is an operating system commercialized by Microsof
NetWare is a network operating system developed by Novell, Inc.

Windows NT is a family of operating systems produced by Microsoft
AWK is a general purpose programming language that is designed for processing text-based data, either
Open source is a development methodology, which offers practical accessibility to a product's source (go
consider open source as one of various possible design approaches, while others consider it a critical stra
History of UNIX
1969: Developed at AT&T Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, one of the largest research facilities in the world. Created in an environ
Developed by researchers who needed a set of computing tools to help them with their projects and their collaborators. Allowed a group
1975: AT&T makes UNIX widely available - offered to educational institutions at minimal cost. Becomes popular with university compute
1984 to date: University of California, Berkeley adds major enhancements, creates Berkeley Standard Distribution (BSD)
1984 to date: Many Berkeley features incorporated into new AT&T version: System V
UNIX has become the operating system of choice for engineering and scientific workstations.
Two variations maintain popularity today, AT&T System V based and the Berkeley Standard Distribution.
Current versions (1/95)are System V release 4.2 .and 4.4 BSD
Work is in progress to develop a Portable Operating System specification based on UNIX (IEEE POSIX committee).
UNIX Philosophy
Make each program do one thing well. Reusable software tools: 1 tool = 1 function
Expect the output of every program to become the input of another, yet unknown, program to combine simple tools to perform complex
Prototyping: get something small working as soon as possible and modify it incrementally until it is finished
Use terse commands and messages: reduces typing and screen output
Why UNIX?
Hardware independence
operating system code is written in C language rather than a specific assembly language
operating system software can be easily moved from one hardware system to another
UNIX applications can be easily moved to other UNIX machines. Porting is usually as simple as transfer of the source and a recompil
Productive environment for software development
rich set of tools
versatile command language
Distributed processing and multi-tasking
UNIX Components
The core of the UNIX system. Loaded at system start up (boot). Memory-resident control program.
Manages the entire resources of the system, presenting them to you and every other user as a coherent system. Provides service to
Example functions performed by the kernel are:
managing the machine's memory and allocating it to each process.
scheduling the work done by the CPU so that the work of each user is carried out as efficiently as is possible.
accomplishing the transfer of data from one part of the machine to another
interpreting and executing instructions from the shell
enforcing file access permissions
You do not need to know anything about the kernel in order to use a UNIX system. These details are provided for your information on
Whenever you login to a Unix system you are placed in a shell program. The shell's prompt is usually visible at the cursor's position o
The shell is a command interpreter; it takes each command and passes it to the operating system kernel to be acted upon. It then dis
Several shells are usually available on any UNIX system, each with its own strengths and weaknesses.
Different users may use different shells. Initially, your system adminstrator will supply a default shell, which can be overridden or chan
Bourne shell (sh)
C shell (csh)
Korn shell (ksh)
TC Shell (tcsh)
Bourne Again Shell (bash)
Each shell also includes its own programming language. Command files, called "shell scripts" are used to accomplish a series of task
UNIX provides several hundred utility programs, often referred to as commands.

Accomplish universal functions
editing
file maintenance
printing
sorting
programming support
online info
Modular: single functions can be grouped to perform more complex tasks
System V vs. BSD

AT&T distributes System V for their computers. System V is also the basis for several commercial implementations including:
Hewlett-Packard HP-UX
Apple AUX
Amdahl UTS
Cray UNICOS
IBM AIX.
BSD, from the University of California Berkeley, has undergone extensive modification and enhancement in the university environment.
BSD is available directly from UCB and in a number of commercial versions including: Sun, Apollo, DEC Ultrix, Gould UTX/32.
System V and BSD contain a large set of commands in common. Some of these commands, however, support different options and ha
Each version also has its own unique utilities. Some very common tasks, such as browsing a file, are performed by totally different utiliti
uter jobs were fed into a batch system.
ether on a project to share selected data and programs.
T&T distributes standard versions in source form: Version 6 (1975), Version 7 (1978), System III (198
as device management, process scheduling, etc.
your work done, you enter commands at this prompt.

operation on your screen.
nly available shells are:

aviors and output formats. ex: ls, stty, mail, grep
" whereas BSD uses "more".
Sl No Title
1 Autocad
2 CAD
3 Solid Modelling
4 NURBS
5 QCad
6 NX
7 CATIA
8 Autodesk Inventor
9 Alibre Design
10 TopSolid
11 T-FLEX CAD (T-FLEX)
12 SolidWorks
13 Solid Edge
14 Vectorworks
15 CINEMA 4D
16 GenerativeComponents
17 Freeform surface modelling
18 Computer-aided engineering
19 LS-DYNA
20 DYNA CRASH
20 finite element method (FEM) or FEA
21 Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)

22 I-DEAS
23 Pro/ENGINEER
24 Windchill
25 Mathcad
26 Teamcenter
27 Ansys
28 Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
29 Abaqus
30 HyperMesh/HyperWorks
31 NASTRAN
32 ACTRAN
33 STAR-CD
34 SCADA
35 GPM
36 SPM
37 CFD
38 Windchill
Description
AutoCAD is a CAD (Computer Aided Design) software application for 2D and 3D design and drafting, developed and sold
by Autodesk, AutoCAD was one of the first CAD programs to run on personal computers, and notably the IBM PC. Most
CAD software at the time ran on graphics terminals connected to mainframe computers or mini-computers.
Current Computer-Aided Design software packages range from 2D vector-based drafting systems to 3D solid and surface
modellers. Modern CAD packages can also frequently allow rotations in three dimensions, allowing viewing of a designed
object from any desired angle, even from the inside looking out. Some CAD software is capable of dynamic mathematic
modeling, in which case it may be marketed as CADD — computer-aided design and drafting.
CAD is used in the design of tools and machinery and in the drafting and design of all types of buildings, from small
residential types (houses) to the largest commercial and industrial structures (hospitals and factories).
Solid modeling (or modelling) is the unambiguous representation of the solid parts of an object, that is, models of solid
objects suitable for computer processing. Other modeling methods include surface models (used extensively in automotive
and consumer product design as well as entertainment animation) and wire frame models (which can be ambiguous about
solid volume).
Primary uses of solid modeling are for CAD, engineering analysis, computer graphics and animation, rapid prototyping,
medical testing, product visualization and visualization of scientific research.
Non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) is a mathematical model commonly used in computer graphics for generating
and representing curves and surfaces
QCad is a computer-aided design (CAD) software package for 2D design and drafting. It is available for Linux, Mac OS X,
Unix and Microsoft Windows.
KAD (KDE aided design) is a version of QCad for the KDE Linux Desktop
NX is the commercial CAD/CAM/CAE PLM software suite developed by Siemens PLM Software. NX is widely used in the
engineering industry, especially in the automotive and aerospace sectors.NX has some presence in the consumer goods
design sector.
NX is a direct competitor to CATIA and Pro/ENGINEER
CATIA (Computer Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Application) is a multi-platform CAD/CAM/CAE commercial
software suite developed by the French company Dassault Systemes and marketed worldwide by IBM. Written in the C++
programming language
CATIA is widely used throughout the engineering industry, especially in the automotive and aerospace sectors. CATIA V4,
CATIA V5, Pro/ENGINEER, NX (formerly Unigraphics), and SolidWorks are the dominant systems.
Autodesk Inventor is the 3D parametric solid modeling package produced by U.S.-based software company Autodesk and
is the foundation for their Digital Prototyping solution
Unlike AutoCAD, Inventor is based on the more advanced parametric modeling techniques using an approach that
Autodesk calls "Functional Design."
Alibre Design is a parametric feature-based three-dimensional Solid modeling CAD software created by Alibre, Inc
Alibre Design is a mechanical engineering and design CAD tool capable of creating complex 3D models, assemblies, and
2D drawings
TopSolid is a 3D computer-aided design (CAD) software which is edited and developed by the company Missler Software.
At the outset the software worked on Unix machines whereas today it works exclusively on Windows PCs.
T-FLEX CAD (T-FLEX) is a Parasolid-based parametric CAD software application for 3D solid modeling and 2D design and
drafting, developed and sold by Russia-based software company Top Systems. T-FLEX CAD is written for Microsoft
Windows 2000, XP, Vista, 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems, and is distributed in various languages
T-FLEX CAD is a full-featured design solution primarily aimed at mechanical engineering. It provides drafting, modeling and
assembly tools that enable engineers to develop various products, from single parts to assemblies.
SolidWorks is a 3D mechanical CAD (computer-aided design) program that runs on Microsoft Windows and was
developed by SolidWorks Corporation S. A. (Vélizy, France). It is currently one of the most popular products in the 3D
mechanical CAD market.
SolidWorks was introduced in 1995 as a low-cost competitor to CAD programs such as Pro/ENGINEER, I-DEAS,
Unigraphics, AutoCAD and CATIA
Solid Edge is a 3D CAD parametric feature solid modeling software. It runs on Microsoft Windows and provides solid
modeling, assembly modelling and drafting functionality for mechanical engineers. Through third party applications it has
links to many other Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) technologies.
Solid Edge integrates with Sharepoint and Teamcenter to provide product lifecycle management. Solid Edge also
integrates with PLM products from third parties
Vectorworks is a computer-aided design (CAD) software program developed by Nemetschek North America (NNA) that is
used for drafting, technical drawing and 3D modeling
CINEMA 4D is a commercial, cross-platform, high-end 3-D graphics application, produced by MAXON Computer GmbH of
Friedrichsdorf, Germany. Noted for its flexible interface and ease of use, it is capable of procedural and polygonal/subd
modelling, animating, lighting, texturing and rendering.
CINEMA 4D is a 3-D application that is popular amongst matte painters in film production, largely due to the BodyPaint 3D
functionality. It is equally popular amongst motion graphics artists, thanks to its excellent integration with compositing
application pipelines, and a very artist-friendly, customizable workflow and interface.
GenerativeComponents is parametric CAD software developed by Bentley Systems, Germany.It epitomizes the quest to
bring parametric modeling capabilities of 3D solid modeling into architectural design, seeking to provide greater fluidity and
fluency than mechanical 3D solid modeling.
Freeform surface modelling is the art of engineering Freeform Surfaces with a CAD or CAID system
The technology encompasses two main fields. Either creating aesthetic (Class A surfaces) that also perform a function; for
example, car bodies and consumer product outer forms, or technical surfaces for components such as gas turbine blades
and other fluid dynamic engineering com
Computer-aided engineering (often referred to as CAE) is the use of information technology to support engineers in tasks
such as analysis, simulation, design, manufacture, planning, diagnosis, and repair.
CAE areas covered include:
Stress analysis on components and assemblies using FEA (Finite Element Analysis);
Thermal and fluid flow analysis Computational fluid dynamics (CFD);
Kinematics;
Mechanical event simulation (MES).
Analysis tools for process simulation for operations such as casting, molding, and die press forming.
Optimization of the product or process.
CAE tools are very widely used in the automotive industry
LS-DYNA is an advanced general-purpose multiphysics simulation software package that is actively developed by the
Livermore Software Technology Corporation (LSTC). While the package continues to contain more and more possibilities
for the calculation of many complex, real world problems, its origins and core-competency lie in highly nonlinear transient
dynamic finite element analysis (FEA) using explicit time integration. LS-DYNA is being used by the automobile, aerospace,
construction, military, manufacturing, and bioengineering industries.
LS-DYNA is widely used by the automotive industry to analyze vehicle designs. LS-DYNA accurately predicts a car's
behavior in a collision and the effects of the collision upon the car's occupants. With LS-DYNA, automotive companies and
their suppliers can test car designs without having to tool or experimentally test a prototype, thus saving time and expense.
The finite element method (FEM) (sometimes referred to as finite element analysis) is a numerical technique for finding
approximate solutions of partial differential equations (PDE) as well as of integral equations
A variety of specializations under the umbrella of the mechanical engineering discipline (such as aeronautical,
biomechanical, and automotive industries) commonly use integrated FEM in design and development of their products
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computer-based software tools that assist engineers and machinists
in manufacturing or prototyping product components. CAM is a programming tool that makes it possible to manufacture
physical models using computer-aided design (CAD) programs. CAM creates real life versions of components designed
within a software package
The first commercial applications of CAM were in large companies in the automotive and aerospace industries
DELMIA, and ENOVIA
I-DEAS (Integrated Design and Engineering Analysis Software), a Computer-aided design software package originally
produced by Structural Dynamics Research Corporation, is currently owned by Siemens PLM Software..
Many I-DEAS users are transitioning, or considering transition, to a more current solution-set. One such transition path is to
NX 5 which has enriched the NX product by incorporating many features of I-DEAS. Other users are transitioning through
use of I-deas NX.
Pro/ENGINEER is a parametric, integrated 3D CAD/CAM/CAE solution created by Parametric Technology Corporation
(PTC). It was the first successful, parametric, feature-based, associative solid modeling software on the market. The
application runs on Microsoft Windows, Linux and UNIX platforms, and provides solid modeling, assembly modelling and
drafting, finite element analysis, and NC and tooling functionality for mechanical engineers.
Windchill is an integrated suite of Product Lifecycle Management applications from PTC
Mathcad is desktop software for performing and documenting engineering and scientific calculations.
Teamcenter is an integrated suite of Product Lifecycle Management applications from Siemens PLM Software
ANSYS, Inc. is an engineering simulation software provider founded by software engineer John Swanson. It develops
general-purpose finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics software. While ANSYS has developed a range
of computer-aided engineering (CAE) products, it is perhaps best known for its ANSYS Mechanical and ANSYS
Multiphysics products.
ANSYS Mechanical and ANSYS Multiphysics software are non exportable analysis tools incorporating pre-processing
(geometry creation, meshing), solver and post-processing modules in a graphical user interface
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is one of the branches of fluid mechanics that uses numerical methods and
algorithms to solve and analyze problems that involve fluid flows. Computers are used to perform the millions of
calculations required to simulate the interaction of fluids and gases with the complex surfaces used in engineering.
Abaqus is a commercial software package for finite element analysis developed by SIMULIA, a brand of Dassault
Systemes S.A.
The Abaqus product suite consists of three core products: Abaqus/Standard, Abaqus/Explicit and Abaqus/CAE.
Abaqus/Standard is a general-purpose solver using a traditional implicit integration scheme to solve finite element
analyses. Abaqus/Explicit uses an explicit integration scheme to solve highly nonlinear transient dynamic and quasi-static
analyses. Abaqus/CAE provides an integrated modeling (preprocessing) and visualization (postprocessing) environment for
the analysis products.
Abaqus is used in the automotive, aerospace, and industrial product industries
HyperWorks is the most comprehensive, open-architecture CAE solution in the industry, providing a robust enterprise
simulation platform for rapid design exploration and decision-making.
NASTRAN is a finite element analysis (FEA) program that was originally developed for NASA
NASTRAN is primarily a solver for finite element analysis. It does not have functionality that allows for graphically building a
model or meshing. All input and output to the program is in the form of text files. However, multiple software vendors
market pre- and post-processors designed to simplify building a finite element model and analyzing the results. These
software tools include functionality to import and simplify CAD geometry, mesh with finite elements, and apply loads and
restraints. The tools allow the user to submit an analysis to NASTRAN, and import the results and show them graphically.
In addition to pre- and post-processing capabilties, several Nastran vendors have integrated more advanced nonlinear
capabilities into their Nastran products.
ACTRAN is a Finite Element Method - Infinite Elements Method (FEM-IFEM) software package developed by Free Field
Technologies SA, a Belgian company. ACTRAN is aimed at solving acoustic propagation problems. It has several modules
for targeted applications, mainly in the automotive and aeronautic industries but not exclusively. The package contains
today tools for vibroacoustic simulations and aeroacoustic simulations.
Fluid dynamics code from CD-adapco
SCADA stands for Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. It generally refers to an industrial control system: a computer
system monitoring and controlling a process. The process can be industrial, infrastructure or facility based as described
below:
Industrial processes include those of manufacturing, production, power generation, fabrication, and refining, and may run in
continuous, batch, repetitive, or discrete modes.
Infrastructure processes may be public or private, and include water treatment and distribution, wastewater collection and
treatment, oil and gas pipelines, electrical power transmission and distribution, and large communication systems.
Facility processes occur both in public facilities and private ones, including buildings, airports, ships, and space stations.
They monitor and control HVAC, access, and energy consumption.
GPM which means "general purpose mouse" provides mouse support in Linux virtual consoles. It is included in most Linux
distributions.
ncurses supports GPM; many applications use ncurses mouse-support. Other applications that work with GPM include
Midnight Commander and JED.
Shock Pulse Method, also known as SPM, is a patented technique for using signals from rotating rolling bearings as the
basis for efficient condition monitoring of machines. From the innovation of the method in 1969 it has now been further
developed and broadened and is now a worldwide accepted philosophy for condition monitoring of rolling bearings and
machine maintenance.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is one of the branches of fluid mechanics that uses numerical methods and
algorithms to solve and analyze problems that involve fluid flows. Computers are used to perform the millions of
calculations required to simulate the interaction of fluids and gases with the complex surfaces used in engineering.
Windchill is an integrated suite of Product Lifecycle Management applications from PTC.

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INDEX

10 Microsoft SQL Server

Examples of Database Management Systems

Ingress is a commercially supported, open-source relational database management system

DBMS by Teradata Corporation

4 Business Intelligence tools

The key general categories of business intelligence tools are:

Data mining is the process of extracting hidden patterns from data.

Online Analytical Processing, or OLAP, is an approach to quickly answer multi-dimensional analytical

12 Oracle ebusisness suite

The ERP system for AS/400 offering is called JDEdwards

EH&S Environmental Health & Safety

HCM Human Capital Management

PLM Product Lifecycle Management

SD Sales and Distribution

It is the latest version of SAP ERP

AS/400 Control Language

2 Components of .NET Framework

Visual Basic for

58 Visual Basic .NET

A#: CLI implementation of Ada.

Other CLI languages

#Smalltalk - a CLI implementation of the Smalltalk programming language

LOLCode.NET - a CLI implementation of the LOLCODE language.

Structure of .Net Framework:

4 JRE & JIT

6 Java Version history

12 Java Application Servers

a Stateful Session Beans

c Message Driven Beans

Java virtual Machine

An applet is a software component that runs in the context of another program

An application server, in an n-tier architecture, a server.

An application programming interface (API) is a set of functions, procedures, methods, classes or

JavaScript is a scripting language widely used for client-side web development

Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language

C++ ("C Plus Plus") is a general-purpose programming language. It is regarded as a middle-level

Perl is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language.

is any tool that functions and is operated by means of a computer

d System Integration Testing

a Black box testing

b White box testing

Non Functional Software

Alpha Testing & Beta

12 GUI TESTING TOOLS

Special methods exist to test non-functional aspects of software.

Systems management refers to enterprise-wide administration of distributed computer systems.

List of SAN network management systems

System V vs. BSD

Solaris is a Unix-based operating system introduced by Sun Microsystems

C is a general-purpose computer programming language

NetWare is a network operating system developed by Novell, Inc.

UNIX provides several hundred utility programs, often referred to as commands.

Modular: single functions can be grouped to perform more complex tasks

System V vs. BSD

your work done, you enter commands at this prompt.

nly available shells are:

11 T-FLEX CAD (T-FLEX)

20 finite element method (FEM) or FEA

21 Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)

28 Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

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