Terms

LECTURE EIGHT
¾ Soldering:
Bonding by melting a soft metal to the surface of pieces to be joined. Low
temperature. Good for joining dis-similar materials. Most common solders are lead-tin
alloys.
¾ Tinning:
A soldering process, where the surface of a metal is coated with solder.
¾ Leading
A form of soldering, solder is used to fill in the surface of metal.
¾ Brazing:
Similar to soldering, but uses a higher temperature to fuse the filler metal to the work

Welds
pieces. Stronger bond. (Includes "Silver Soldering") Work heated to pre-melt
temperatures.
¾ Welding:
Joining 2 similar work pieces by melting them together, usually with an additional filler
rod of some sort to take up space. Materials must be similar.
¾ Cutting:
Work is heated to melting point and beyond, and "cut" by oxidizing metal. (Literally
burning it away).
¾ Shield:
A barrier to keep oxygen away from heated work to prevent oxidation. Includes
chemical coatings called flux (liquids, pastes, solids, which may be vaporized into a
barrier gas when heated), and inert gasses. Oxidation of the surfaces will prevent
proper bonding of the metals.

http://www.team.net/www/shop-talk/weldintro.html

Welding Common Weld Types

¾ Welding is a very efficient way of
joining metals
¾ Welding is labour intensive
¾ In a welded structure subject to
fluctuating loads, the strength of the
welds determine the strength of the
structure
¾ It is important to select the right
weld type for the right job

Partial Penetration Welds Full Penetration Welds

One-sided Butt Weld One-sided Butt Weld

Backing Bar
Plate preparation
Plate preparation

1
 Double-Sided Butt Weld Fillet Weld

Dry Joint
Double-sided full-penetration Butt Weld

Plate preparation

Basic Weld Design Objectives Material Strength

¾ Will perform its intended function
¾ Select common steels
¾ Will have the desired reliability & safety
– Grade250 and Grade350
¾ Is capable of being constructed
¾ Weld fatigue strength does not
– fabricated
increase with yield strength of steel
– inspected
– Do not use high-strength steels with
– transported cyclical loads
– assembled
¾ Has minimum cost

Carbon Content Welding Symbols

¾ Use steel grades with lowest carbon-
equivalent
– Carbon Equivalent (CE) = C% + Mn%/6
¾ Steels with CE < 0.35 can be welded
with any electrode type and with any
process
¾ Steels with CE > 0.5 need special care
– preheating
– post-weld heat treatment

2
Welding Symbols in Solid Edge Welding Symbols
AS1101.2 is the reference for welding symbols

Welding Symbols Welding Symbols

A
SECTION A-A

Arrow Side V-Butt Symbol

Welding Symbols Welding Symbols

3
 Welding Symbols Welding Symbols

Welding Symbols Position of the Weld

6 6

6 50-100

50 100

Welding Procedures Think of Fabrication

Normally undertaken to a relevant standard by
a CERTIFIED WELDER

•Processes includes various items as

•pre/post heat
•weld preparations
•Filler specifications
•Post weld inspection – x-ray, NDT
•Etc.

WPS-FC-6 All position Flux-core on A36 plate using E71T-8 without gas coverage.
WPS-GTAW-2 All position Tig on A240(304L) plate using ER308L with 100% Argon.
WPS-GTAW-2F All position dual process (Tig root/flux-core fill) on A240(304L) plate.
WPS-GTAW-2S All position dual process (Tig root/stick fill) on A240(304L) plate.
WPS-GTAW-3 All position Tig on A240(316L) plate using ER316L with 100% Argon.
WPS-GTAW-3F All position dual process (Tig root/flux-core fill) on A240(316L) plate.

4
Think of Fabrication Who is going to do it?