9.0  am [=’m]/ is [=’s] / are [=’re] (not)/ isn't/aren't  I.T.T.I.

2011
Human Am/is/are   ? by Henrique
IMPORTANTE – 1. Consulte a apostila “INTRODUCTION TO 9.0” para fazer este exercício. Observe que os itens assinalados, alguns dos quais foram
apresentados e traduzidos no “INTRODUCTION TO 9.0” também são “bolinhas” e alguns deles influenciarão diretamente a tradução
do verbo. 2. Alguns parágrafos são seguidos de perguntas. Responda-as, baseando-se EXCLUSIVAMENTE no texto.
1 Biosociology is the study of interactions between human biological characteristics and social behavior.
2 Structural functionalism is the analysis of social phenomena within narrowly defined concepts of observable
structures and functional consequences.
3 Is infant mortality an indicator of community health level? Is per capita income associated with infant mortality?
Infant mortality rates in the least developed countries are 114 per 1,000 lives.
4 This never-ending debate about "race" & equity is understandably problematic from a social perspective.
5 The Brazilian School Lunch Program is relatively ineffective, because many poor children – especially in rural areas
– are not at school and the program is not operational in disadvantaged areas.
6 The unabashedly utilitarian character of modern science and technology is carefully analyzed in this paper.
7 When a picture is on the walls of a well-known art gallery, is it ipso facto a work of art?
8 Postcolonialism is a critical concept within contemporary cultural studies. Despite considerable debate over the precise
parameters of the field and the definition of the term "postcolonial," it is, in a very general sense, the study of the interactions
between European nations and their “colonized societies” in the modern period. It is therefore characterized by attempts towards
the explanation of the development, conditions, and consequences of the experience of modern colonialism. Postcolonial theorists’
general focus is on the empires of European nation-states – consolidated in the nineteenth century and afterwards largely
dismantled in the mid-twentieth century. America's growing empire during the same period is also a subject to postcolonial
cultural analysis. As a field of inquiry, however, postcolonial studies are concerned about the unequal relationships of political
power and their representation in cultural institutions such as literature, art, popular media, and the academy and how these
representations are responsible for the creation, destabilization, or understanding of the differences between individuals and
among social groups. Its critical theories are endeavors towards the critical examination of the legacy of the modern era's racism,
primitivism, territorial conquest, sexual exploitation, slavery, and mass violence, as well as the influence of that legacy on the
contemporary world.
Q: a. Como campo de investigação, qual a preocupação dos estudos pós-coloniais?
9 Large numbers of people are excluded from the benefits of development: the poorest segments of society, the people
in rural areas, many religious and ethnic minorities and, in almost every country, the women. Women are the world's
largest excluded group. Why is this phenomenon prevalent in both developed and developing nations?
Q: a. Quem são os grupos excluídos citados? b. Do que as mulheres são excluídas?
c. Pode-se afirmar que a exclusão feminina é típica apenas de países em desenvolvimento?
10 Kwame Anthony Appiah is our postmodern Socrates. Race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, class, religion, nationhood, and the
multiculturalism are some of the categories that are scrutinized by that Ghanaian philosopher, cultural theorist, and novelist. From
his point of view, some of those categories are empirically unsound, many are conceptually incoherent, and all of them are
ethically ambivalent. Appiah’s critique of these large collective identities is not designed as a denial of their legitimacy but as a
warning that perhaps, when obsessive loyalty is displayed towards those identity claims and our lives are shaped around them,
they are a threat to freedom and community and a possible contributor to the injustice and violence of the present social order.
Q: a. Como Appiah vê as grandes categorias de identidade coletiva (raça, etnia, etc.)? b. Ele nega a legitimidade de tais categorias?
11 Social security is based on contributions (an employment tax) and is thus designed towards those individuals who are
employed in the formal sectors. This, and the fact that Brazil's poor are concentrated in the rural Northeast, is a clear
justification for a rural poverty alleviation program in the region.
Q: Quais as justificativas apresentadas para a implementação de um programa de alívio à pobreza no Nordeste brasileiro?
12 This is the first report of the “ Economic Incentives for Sustainable Development” project, which is commissioned by the
Earth Council. Sound, empirical analyses of government subsidy policies in four sectors are herein presented: energy, road
transport, water and agriculture. Based on existing information, a number of key issues is identified and some suggestions
are made towards the reduction or reform of subsidies that are ecologically destructive, economically inefficient and
socially inequitable.
Q: a. Qual o conteúdo do primeiro relatório do projeto mencionado?
b. É correto afirmar que os subsídios governamentais, segundo o texto, são sempre um incentivo para o desenvolvimento sustentado? Justifique.
13 The sixteenth century in Italy is the beginning of a number of features of music and of musical thought that are of decisive
importance to the development of aesthetics. The variety and range of these manifestations are remarkable: music printing, the
musical work of art, the study of composition (musica poetica), the conception of “genius”, the stylistic diversity (the historical
duality between traditional and novel styles), an increasing interest in expressiveness, and a concern with the physical and
sensuous nature of tonal experience rather than with the previously prevailing mathematical comprehension of music.
Q: a. Qual a diferença mencionada no excerto acima entre a música do Séc.XVI e a época anterior?