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, ,( & &' !)(& & !) &> ! C@' 3 $ & E 3 ' D% & '(& ) & , &> (
' 6 εW C9( F ' ' & D & ,' & ` )) ,' &!' 3 E ( ! 3A *' '
3' L & ! ) , ' 4 3A( ! & 3 9( * , ' &(** & * 2) "

εW O 4WC D 4 C D

4WC∆D 4WC∆D
10 ' 3 10 ' , (

5 5

1
4 C∆D 1 4 C∆D
0 1 0 1 10
5 10 5

ε= 4W 4
ε ε
∆/2
4 C∆D 0 1 5 10
4 C∆D
0 1 5 10

−∆/2 −∆

# ∆ !CεD # ∆ !CεD

ε ε

∆/2 / ∆/2 ∆ /

3 & &! , ) 3 !( && ,

3 & &! , ) 3 !( && ,
3( & $ ) 4
3( 2 ( 3 ,' @ & '
! ' 3 CO ∆.# .5 D

*C FD
5 #. / 5 #.

J. M. Dilhac Page 21
Filtrage Numérique Février 05
& & ' & &' ! & (&& 3 * & 9( &( ) & * $( & @( & !)(& )' % &) ) >
)' &9( )A !) (3 )'$ 9( 3A 3A( !! ', 3A( F' 3 & ' >) ,' @
3 !)(& !)(& &'(@ C ( = 3 ) * 9( , 3A , ))' $ D )A !) (3 )'$ 9( 3 & )
'(@ ( ,'3 C 3M , E )A , ,'3 D% !' 3 & ' ,' &!' 3 E )A !) (3 !'( ) 9( ))
) ,' @ @ , ( ! '2 2 ) $ ) 3 & )A( '( )A ( 3 & 3 (4 ,'3 & 3M , &%

, +

3 ! ,' & & E ** , (4 @ (4 3A !) (3 9( * C ' 2 * D (

_ 9( _ ( 9( 2 > $ ) 2 ( )% & ) , & 3 ,' @ && ( & 2 !') &>
( 2 ,'3 ) & $ 3 )A !) (3 %

,1 7 / ' +

&! & ! , ! (4 3 @ L , ' & & )' & 3 ) & B(@ C !!' @ , ) , 3 &
, $ &D &' "
) * 9( , 38 , ))' $ >
) =! 3 9( * , ' C ' 3 '( ' , ( D>
) ! & 3 9( * , ' dOe ) ' 2 3 2 & 3 ,'3 $ C' *) , E , !' D>
) ( 3( ,'3 ( 9( %
& '3 & 3 ,' @ & ' &' ! *' & 3 , & C! && $ ! ) * 9( , !'( ,' @ (
!) (3 D & ) !)(& &'(@ 3 , &% &, 3 , & ' '(@ "
) & ,' @ && ( & *) & > & ! 3 & & ,' !' 3 & ,' ! (& ' 2 $ ) E C. D> &
& ) ' 2 3 2 & 3 &' % '( ) ) &( * , 3 & ,' 3(, ( ',,(! ! , &
,' @ && ( &> & 9( ) ,' &' ' ) , 9( ,' &!' 3 >) & *) & &' ) &E<
'( / 2 & E )A ,9( & ' 3 3' & E ( @ && C& $ (4 3 &D>
) & ,' @ && ( & ! ! ) > !'& &( !)(& ( & $ &3 *) & > )& )& ( ,' ! ' &
,' &' ' @ && '( @ )) @ ,( )) ( &')( ' C 7 2 & !)(&D>
) & ,' @ && ( & E !! '4 ' &(,, && @ C'( !'( (,, && @ !! '4 ' $ & D>
,' !' ( ,)(& 3 & ( 2'(,) 3 ' , ' > 3 &(,, && @ ) @ ) ( C
'( /D 3 & 2 & ,' \ ! ) :% ) 4 & M(&9(AE < 2 & 9( *' , ' E 3 &
* 9( , & 3A , ))' $ '3 & 3( * 3( *' , ' & 9( )3 &, & >
) & ,' @ && ( & & $ 3 ) > 9( M (( $ ( > ( ,' ! (> ( E 2 %
)& &' 3 & & E ) ( &')( ' C.0 2 &D & (4 ) @ * 2) & * 9( , &
3A , ))' $ %
*) , ( * 9( )A @ ' ! 9( 3A( & 2 , )( ! & , 3 &&'(&%

*+

() µ
& %

4 9( "
,' @ & ' )'$ 9( ( 9( O )'$ ' 3 $ ) ,' @ & ' > > I ,' @ $ )'$
&$ ) ' 2 = ,'3 J>
, ))' $ O & !) $> & !) 3 ')3 , ,( > & !) $ * 9( ,= C& !) $ D> & !) $
' C ' > =9( & D>
!) O ) & $> ) & $*) >
9( *, ' O 9( F ' > ! & 3 9( *, ' O& !&F >
' , ( O ( , ' > ' 3 O '( 3 $%

J. M. Dilhac Page 22
Filtrage Numérique Février 05

0 :

&$ )E !& 3 &, ! ( L &&( 3A( > &! ( L $ ) 3 , &= & !

( &=& ( 9( % 9( &( &A !!) 9( E )A( )A ( , &%

& @ ) ( & &(,, && @ & 3A( & $ ) 3 &, &' ! & & $ ! 9( ! ( 2 &( '
3A( 2'() C!'( ! & ,' *' 3 @ , )A !()& ' 3 , 9( > )) > & * (4 & $ (4 E !&
,' (D%
A 4 ' F' ) 3 ) ! & ' $ ! 9( & $ 3( & ,' 3 &> * & !! Y 3 &
@ )) & 3 ) $ ( $ ) E ) ! '3 3A , ))' $ > ( & $ ) 3 &, A 3 * 9(A (4
& & 3A , ))' $ % & $ ) & )' & ' 4U T> @ , ) * `) & , ', & UT
!! )) ) ( 3 &, 3( & $ )%
& ' &

% ' !

'
A 4 ' F' ) ! ( $ ) * ( 9( !! Y C& & 3 & ' D% & $ ) & )' &
' 4U T% 3 , && * 9( ,' 3 &( & ( ' 'V ) A= ! & 3A 2 $(f "
( & () ! '3 3A , ))' $ 4 & C&=& D%

( )9( & 4 !) & 3 & $ (4 &' 3' & , 3 &&(&% & & $ (4 ! (@ (&& L 3 , &! 3 &
4! && ' & )= 9( &%
4U T O/ !'( d/ e 4.U T O/ !'( d/
O !'( /g g O C/>?D !'( h/
& & $ (4 ! ,() & ! (@ L 3 * &> )& )A !()& ' ( 3 &, ]
δU T O !'( O/ δU T O !'( O
O/ !'( b/ O/ !'( b
] )A , )' (
(U T O/ !'( d/
O !'( /g

J. M. Dilhac Page 23
Filtrage Numérique Février 05
4U T δU T

^
^
. ^
^
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
/ . /
δU T
4.U T

^
^
^
^ ^
^ ^
^ / ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
(U T
4U T

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
^
^ ^
^ ^ ^ ^
^ ^ ^
^ ^
/ ^ ^ /

) 3 * ' 3 )A !()& ' ( 3 &, 3 , ) δU T> ' ! ( 3 3( )A 9( ' , 3 &&'(& 9(

_ 3( _) ! & 3A( , ))' 3A( *' , ' 3 &, %
+∞
U T= U T%δU − T
=−∞
)(& $ ) >' ' ) && ) (3 & @ , ) , & 3 & & $ (4 ,' (&%

6 ' +

!! )' & '( 3A 2' 3 )A 4! && ' 3 ) &*' 3 5'( 3 & & $ (4 ,' (& C 5 D
+∞
− >ω
/Cω D = C D%
−∞

A'(2) ! & 9( ) ! && $ 3 ) 3 ,' !'& ' *' , ' & ' '$' ) & C& 3 5'( D 3A(
& $ ) ! '3 9( > E ) 5 &A & * &(!!'& ( ! '3 * !'( ) & $ ) ,' ( 4C D%

GD &*' 3 5'( 3 & & $ (4 3 &, & C 5 D "

)A' ,' ! 3( * 9( ) & & $ (4 3 &, & &' 3 * & 9(A (4 & & 3A , ))' $ >
' 3 & )A @ )) > ) 5 ! ( ) ( L 3 ! &'(& ) *' "
+∞
− > ω(
/ Cω D = U T
= −∞

(* , ( () !) , * ! &> ) 5 & )A !! '4 ' ! ) '3 3 & , $) & 3 ) 5 %

J. M. Dilhac Page 24
Filtrage Numérique Février 05

)A $ ) & !) , ! ( &' 3 &, >

/ ω & ( *' , ' ,' !) 4 > ,' ( > ! '3 9( > 3 ! '3 .π# >
A & !'( , & &' & 9( / ω & &'(@ ' / >ω( '( /C Mθ > @ , θ O ω( !'( !! ) ,
! '3 , %
) &(** 3' , 3 ! & / ω &( ( @ )) 3 ) $ ( .π# > $ ) P# π# > !! )
@ )) *' 3 )% * 9( , > , @ )) & $ ) E P# 5 #.% / ω & ) &! , 3 4U T>
*' , ' ,' !) 4 !'(@ L 3 @ & ! )) $ %
'( ( & $ ) 4U T )> U/ ω T & ! U/ ω T & ! %
KC Mω D KC MθD
4U T
^ ^
^
^ ^
^ ^ ^ i# / i# ω
/
i / i θ
5 #. 5 #. *
− >θ >θ
>θ
U (T /C D U − T /C D

δU T U T∗ . U T /C >θ
D . /. C >θ
D
θ> >θ >θ >θ
U T+ # . U T /U T + #/. U T U T. . U T /C D∗ /. C D

& ) 2) (> ' '(@ ) & ! '! & && )) & 3 ) 5 > ! ,() ) ! '! 3
) % ! '3( 3 ,' @')( ' 3 & $ (4 3 &, & !! Y 3 & ) 2) (% ) & 3 * !
)A 9( ' "
+∞
U T∗ . U T= U T% . U − T
=−∞
5 @ & 9( E )) &A , "
π
+
(
( > ω(
U T= /Cω D ω
.π π
−
(
.GD &*' 3 5'( 3 &, C 5 D"
5 ! ( 3 &, ! ' 4 , C,A & E 3 ! )A 3 3A( *' , ' ,' ( D3 &
)A &! , 3 & * 9( , & 3( &! , 3A( & $ ) 3 &, 9( ),' 9( > ,A & E 3 E 3( *'
! '3 9( % > & )A' &(!!'& 9( , , ),() 3 @ L D !& ) D! ( , ),() (
( 9( > ) & , && "
3 ,' & 3 9(A( ' 2 * 3A , ))' & 3 4U T> 3A ( & & 3 ' 9(
!' )) 4U T ( ) & ( * L 3A'2& @ ' 3 3( * >
3 , ),() 9(A( ' 2 * 3 @ ) ( & 3 / ω > 3A ( & & 3A , ))' )
&! , %
'(& ))' & 4 ) & ,' & 9( , & 3 , & 3 (4 ,' &%
D ' 3( ' 2 3A , ))' & 3 4U T "
' & 3 ' & ( * L 3A'2& @ ' !' )) cU T> 3 ) $ ( / O "
cU T O !'( / g g /PC D> cU T & ()) ! '( )) ( &
* L & 3 _ , $() _%
3 ! )' & & & 3 ** ,() 9( )A 4! && ' 3 ) 5 > '2 )A 4! && ' 3 )
5 _E !' &_> !'& !'( )) $ )A , ( /O/"
B−
− > ω(
/Cω D = U T
=/

J. M. Dilhac Page 25
Filtrage Numérique Février 05
) ' 3( ' 2 3A , ))' & ,' & 3 & !'( ) , ),() ) '( *' & ) &! , , ),() "
) ! '3( 4U T%cU T & 3( & 3 & )A &! , 3 & * 9( , & ! ) ! '3( 3 ,' @')( '
/ ω SC ω % )A ) ( 3 ) ,' @')( ' & )A !()& ' 3 ,> , δ(ω) `
) ( (& > ) * L , $() > (,( ( * L A' !'( &*' 3 5'(
δ(ω). )) ( &> ) & $ * , ' ! =& 9( 3( &! , 3A( & $ ) ' ! '3 9( E 3( * >
, ),() &( ( @ )) !' ) * > A & ! & ' !)(& & & &'() @ 3 & 9( & ' &%
9( ! ( L '( *' & ( , > ,A & 9( !)(& & $ 3> ' & & @ & )A ) ' %
2D ' 3( ' 2 3 @ ) ( & , ),() & "
, ),() ( ( 9( C,A & E 3 ( , E & * &D ! ( ! 3 * ' *'( 9(A(
' 2 * 3 @ ) ( & !'( / ω) > , 9( ,' &!' 3 E ( , ))' $ 3( &! , % ' ∆ω ) ! &
3A , ))' $ > ) 5 E !' & 3 @ CW ( ) *D"
B−
− > C @∆ω D(
/U@∆ω T = U T
=/

9(' & 9( ) *' , ' '2 ( > KUW∆ωT> & ( *' , ' 3 &, % C, ) & ) , &
! 9( D ∆ω & ( * , ' 3 )A @ )) *' 3 )> UC.π# D# ∆ω] − 1 !' & 3 @ '
L , ),() &% & 3( &! , & 3 3( & ! &) ' %
9( & ' 3 ( " 9( )) @ ) ( 3' E ∆ω N @ ) ( * 2) 3' ( $ 3 * && 3
! & ' & , && 3 ' 2 (4 , ),()&> ! ( L 3' 3 &% @ ) ( ) @ > (
,' > 3' ( &() !3 & ! ( L @ , ! 3A *' ' ( > )
&*' ' @ & !!) 9( ( &! , , ))' ! ! & 3A'2 ) &$ )
' $ )%
( (& >) ' 3 ' > 3 ME ,' !'( )A , ))' $ !' )> !'&& 3 (
9( @ ) !'( )A , ))' $ * 9( )%
D E ! (, F E4 !!
!5 ' G $ ' !E ! 4 !! 3
H(, IJ -
'(& 3 3( &' & 9( ) & ( ' ) !)(& ,' ' 9( , ),() ,' &!' 3 E "
.π .π
∆ω = =
(/ B(
9( 3 * @ > &!' 3 & )A 9( ' 3 ) 5 E !' &> 3' )A 4! && ' 3 )
&*' 3 5'( 3 &, C 5 D"

B− @. π
−>
/U@∆ ω T = U T B

=/

*' , ' 3 &, >

! '3 9( > 3 ! '3 C' 3 9( , ))' & !& 3' , ))' &
* 9( , D%
5 @ & 9( E )) !'( 4! && ' "
B− @ .π
>
U T= /U@∆ω T B
B @= /

& 3 (4 *' () & &' & ! ', &> ( )$' , ),() )A( !'( > & & $ '&& & 3 ** ,() &>
, ),() )A ( % 9( (&& > , ) '(& & ( ) ( ! ( !)(& )' > 9( ) 5 @ & &
)) (&& ! '3 9( > 3 ! '3 %
2) ( , ,' &( ) & 3 ** & ! & 3( , ),()> 3 & )A &! , 3( !& 3 ) * 9( , >
, , &(!!'& ! 3A( & $ ) )'$ 9( * , @ & () ) !&
* 9( , %

J. M. Dilhac Page 26
Filtrage Numérique Février 05
GD &*' 3 5'( !3 "
D ' 2 3A'! ' & , && & !'( ) , ),() 3 ) 5 "
(!!'&' & 4U T ) `!'( , ),() ) ! )) 3A( 3 & @ ) ( & 3A( 5
^ () !) , ' & 3( =! 4U T% M .πW#
^C D 33 ' & 3 & &() & 3 & () !) , ' & ! , 3 &
&' , && &% ' ( ' )> !'( !' & 3( &! , > & ee > . ,=,) & C ,=,) O 33 '
() !) , ' D% , ** & E () !) ! 3 (4 !( &9(A ) * ( (&& , ),() ) ! $ %
M .πW#
& , & ' > ' &(!!'& 9( ) & @ ) ( & 3 ! (@ L , ),() & ( *' & !'(
'( &> $ & ' " )) & 3 ! 3 ! & 3 & @ ) ( & 3 & , ))' &%

!!) , ' ( 9( "

(!!'&' & ) , ),() !& ) 3A( 5 E /.0 O . / !' &> ( ) & ( , ,( C@'
, ! _= & 3 &*) & ( 9( &_D !'&& 3 ( @ && 3 , ),() 3 1/ & ! ,=,) > E !
3A( & $ ) )'$ 9( 4C D , ))' ! ) *' , ' 3 &, 4U T%
!& , ),() & )' & , O .4C. /D. O // &%
& ) !'&& 2) 3A 2) ( ) , !& , ),() ) & , , & 9( & !' )) & 3 4U T> )) )
) $ ( 3 ) * L 3 ' , ( N &, , 3 &&'(& &( ) & ' & , & !'&& 2) & "
D ) , ),() 3 ) 5 , && ' &3 !& 9( )A ,9( & ' ! ) 3 & , ))' &
3 4U T% 3( !& !'( * ( , '& > & & ) , ),() 3 ) 5 & & & ()
j, > ) & &( 3 & ' > 3' , '! , %
2D )A ,9( & ' 3 & , ))' & 3 4U T , && ' &3 !& 9( ) , ),() 3A( &! , !
) 5 % 3 (4 & & 3A ,9( & ' & ) 4 & ( !& ' ! 3 ) 9( ) ) A= ! &
3A ,9( & ' 3A , ))' & " ) = 3' , ! 3A *' ' %
,D ,9( & ' , ),() ' ) L 3( > ,A & ) , & '! ) 9( '(& ,' & 3 ' & ,%
)' & / O O ,%

J. M. Dilhac Page 27
Filtrage Numérique Février 05
4C D KC*D

*
/ *

K
; #

/ / 5 O #

• • •
< <
• •

/ /#. / * O5 #.

K
/A
;
/ /8 / ∆* O # /8
< <
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • •

/
#

5 5 5 5

5 5 5 5

5 5 5 5
3 3( $ ) E @ ' // &# /// O // a&> &' 5 O / W F%
)A !!) , ' 3( ' 3 ' !'& 9( ) * 9( , 4 ) C* 4 ! 9( ! (
*) !) D! & 3 & ) &! , 3 4C D &' ) ' 3 5 > &' * 4 O 1 W F [ ) 9( )>
' )$' A & 3' , , ! 2) 9( 3 3 &&$ (4 ) @ 2) &%

J. M. Dilhac Page 28
Filtrage Numérique Février 05

2D &*' ' 3 5'( !3 "

' 2 (4 @ (4 ' , , E 3 ( ) ' 2 3A'! ' & , && & !'( ) , ),() 3 )
5 % & &() & ) & !)(& ,' (& &' , (4 3 & '') = ' (W = C ?71D> ,' (& &'(& )
' 3A )$' 3A ) , !' )% '(& ))' & 3' , ) ! ,! %
&(!!'& 9( ) ' 2 3A , ))' & & ( !( && , 3 3 (4> &' "

O. > ( )%

4U T !'&& 3 )' & ( )) ( ' 2 ! 3A , ))' &> ) 5 ! ( &A , "

B B
− −
. 0 @π . 0 @π −>
.@π
−> −>
/U@∆ω T = + U. + T
B
B B
U. T
=/ =/

$ '(! ) & , ))' & ! & 4U. T ) & , ))' & ! & 4U. P T 3 (4 &' &
3& , &% ,( 3 , & 3 (4 &' & & ( 5 E #. !' &> 3 ! '3 3A , ))' $ . %
9( 5 & 2 &Z ! '3 9( > 3 ! '3 #. ! 3' , ) , ),() 3 #. !' & 3( &! ,
E !' &%
' 2 3 ,=,) & , && & !'( )A & 2) 3( , ),() &

. C3 (4 5 D 4 . C #.D. O .
>

&' ( ' 2 3 ,=,) & 3 (4 *' & !)(& ! C' $) $ ) & 3 (4 '! ' & &(!!) &
!! ( & " )A 33 ' 3 & 3 (4 5 > ) () !) , ' 3 ) 3 (4 ! )A 4!' )) D%
, ,( 3 & 5 E #. !' & ,' !' E &' '( ( ' 2 ! 3A , ))' & ! ( L
$ ) 3 ,' !'& % ! ', 3 & M(&9(AE '2 3 & 5 E 3 (4 !' & [ 3 ' 9(
) ' 2 3 ,=,) & )' & , && & & % %
)$' & !! ) _ &*' 3 5'( ! 3 _C5 & 5'( &*' " 55 D%
' 2 (& & @ & 4& !'( ) & B(@ ! 9( > & ) ! , ! & , )( 9( @
3AL ! & % ' ' & 9( 2 9( , )$' &' * 9( !)'= ! ) & &=& &
( 9( & 3A )=& &! , ) > 3A ( & ! ', 3 &> !)(& ! *' & E , & !' & 3 @( > &'
$ ) !)'= & C' '(@ ( 4 !) 4 , , D%

!!) , ' ( 9( "

@ * & & 3 ** ,() 9( 3 & ' 4 !) > ' '2 @ , )A ) , !' ) * 4 O
F%
0GD '( &( ) 9( & ' 3 & * L & "
(4 , & ! 9( & ! (@ & ! & !'( )A !!) , ' 3 ) 5 E ( & $ ) "
^ 4U T & E 3( * > 3' , E &! , E &(!!' * " ) , ),() 3 ) 5 & !
,' ! ) ' ) 3 & , ))' & ' ()&> *'( 3 & , ))' & 3A( &! , 2' C! ) * )
!) D> 9( & 3' , ( !! '4 ' 3( &! , )%
^ 4U T & E 3( * " ,A & ) , & 9(A ) * ( @& $ ! ' , )A )=& &! , ) @ '(
( , 9( 3A @ & $ ' % A !! '4 ' 3 ) ) ) ( * 9( 4U T @ L
' 9( !' )) %
** )A !!) , ' 3 ) 5 @ & ( &! , , ),() @ 3' ( & $ ) 4AU T ! '3 9( C3
! '3 /D [4AU T @ ! & 3 & 3 &,' ( & (4 !' & 3 ,,' 3 ) & 3 ** &
! '3 &% & 3 &,' ( & ,' &!' 3 ' E 3 & ,' !'& & ( & * 9( , & 3 & ) &! ,
&(!!'& L , )( 3 4U T> 9( & * , )( 3( & $ ) ! '3 9( 4AU Tb4U T C ' & ) , & &
! ,() 'V4U T & M(& ! '3 9( 3 ! '3 /D%
( > , 9( _ _C,A & E 3 , ))' D 3 4UW∆ωT ,' &!' 3 * E ( _ ' 9( _
3 4AU T%

M.πW#
() !) , ' ! & ) (3 ! & $ 4U. T 4C. P T
J. M. Dilhac Page 29
Filtrage Numérique Février 05
'( @ , ! '2) > 3A ( & * L & 9( ) * L , $() &' ( ) & & `) ( '2M , * &
3A '3( ( ,' ( !' )) (4 !' & 3 ,,' 3 3 & 3 ** & ! '3 &>
( )A !) (3 3 & ! & 3 & , ))' & 3 4U T% & )A &! , 3 & * 9( , &>
,' 3 ME 3 > ) * L 3 @ &A !! ', ) !)(& !'&& 2) 3 )A !()& ' ( 3 &, δ[ω]>
) ( 3 ) ,' @')( ' %
' 2 (& & * L & 4 & C $() '( 3 : ) > :) ,W > $> $>
X & ] D '( & '** ( ,' ! ' & 3 ** ) ' ) $ && 3 & & ' 9(
! & & ) ' !! ' 3 & &(!!) &%
, !' 3 @( > ) * L , $() & ) )) ( !'( 3 & $( 3 (4 & 3M , &> &
) ! !'( 3 , 3 & & 3 * 2) !) (3 %
1GD $ (4 E !)(& ( & 3 &' &"
A )=& 3 5'( ! ( &A !!) 9( E 3 & & $ (4 E !)(& ( & 3 & ' &> 3' , & &'
&! ) & ' !)(& !' )) &% A & )' & *' 3 ) , $ %
)=& 3A $ & * 4 & " 3 (4 3 & ' & &! ) &%
)=& 3A $ & & " 3 (4 3 & ' & &! ) & ( 3 &' !' )) %

4 9( "
(U T O ( & ! *( , ' > δU T O ( !()& *( , ' >
5'( &*' > 3 &, 5'( &*' > * & 5'( &*' C55 D> c 3'c $>
' 3 ) &"c @ ) >c @ ) )=& &>
3 & 3 &, " & c '' &> *' 38' 3 " c @ *' >
& ()" & ')3> I & $ 'F ' ,' ** , & 3' ' 4, 3 , & ')3 J%

J. M. Dilhac Page 30
Filtrage Numérique Février 05

= - 3 /

6 +

'(& '(& &&' & , E ( &=& &(&, ! 2) 3 *' ( & $ ) 3 &, 4U T C9(
,' & ( )A D ( ( & $ ) 3 &, =U T C9( ,' & ( ) &' D%

&=& E !& 3 &, ! ( L , , & ! ) & ! '! & &( @ &"

"
& 4 U T 3' = U T & 4.U T 3' = .U T )' & 4 U T P 24.U T 3' = U T P 2=.U T & ) &=& &
) > 2 3 & ,' & &>
4/ "
& 4U T 3' =U T )' & 4U /T 3' =U /T 9( ) 9( &' />
" "
& '( & $ ) 4U T 3A !) (3 * 3' ( & $ ) =U T 3A !) (3 * >
"
& , (& ) ( &=& ) 9(A( & $ ) 3 &' =U /T & 3 ! 3 3 4U T !'( '( /d C)A **
! ( ! & ! , 3 ) , (& D%

'( )A && )> ( &=& 3 &, ) & , , & > ( , ' 4> ! &' 9( ' (4 3 ** , &
C 9( @ ) E )A 9( ' 3 ** )) 3 & &=& & ) & ,' (&D> ! & & !' & &
!()& ' )) & U T ' 9( & CM*D> ! & *' , ' 3 &* F CFD C@' !)(& )' )
3 * ' 3 , & &D% 9( !! ', ! ) , ),() 3 ) !' & 3( &=& E(
9( ),' 9( C )=& D> & )A( ) & ' 3 !)(& ( & !! ', & & $ ) , && !'(
,' , @' ( &=& E! 3A( , 3 & , $ & C&= & D%

9( ' (4 3 ** , &
U T
4U T CM*D =U T
CFD

' 66 8 9+

GD '3(, ' "

& &=& & 3 &, & ) & &' ) & 2) & ! && 2) $ 3 ' & '! ' & 3 2 & " )A 33 ' >
) () !) , ' ! ( ,' & ) & ' % & '! ' & * $( 3 & ) & 2)',&
*' , ' )& ) & ( ) & & 3 & ) & &, & 2)',& ! & ( &=& % 3 &&'(&
! & ( ,' & > &= 2') & ) ! '3 3A , ))' $ %
4. U T

4U T > =U TO 4 U T P 4.U T

4U T =U T O 4U T
J. M. Dilhac Page 31

4U T =U T O 4U T
Filtrage Numérique Février 05

! , & '! ' & 3 2 & > ' ! ( &= & '( &=& 3 &, ) % !)(&> ' ' &
9( )A 9( ' 3 ,( , & ) _ ' ( _3( &=& " )) ! & ) & '! ' & ) &
,,' !) & ! 9( 3 & ) &=& ! =& 9( %
.GD &, ! ' 3A( &=& ! &' 9( ' (4 3 ** , &"
)A & > ) & &=& & 3 &, & ) &3 )@ E ) ( &' 3 & , ))' & =U T 9( &' 3 &
,' 2 &' & ) &3 & &! & & ! && & C $ ) *( ( & !'( ) & &=& & '
, (& (4D @ ( )) 3 & @ ) ( & ! && & 3 & , ))' & 3 &' % '( ( &=& , (& ) '
3 &) , &$ )"
'

9[ ]= #@ [ − @] + @ 9[ − @]
@= / @=

&=& & 6&A ) 4 & ( ' & ( @ ) ( ' ()) !'( ) & ,' & & W% ,' 3 '
) !'( =U T & E ! , & 3 & , , &% '(M'( & 3 & , , &> ) &=& & 3 4 '& 9 &
)A 3 , ) !)(& ) @ 3 & ,' & & ' ()) & W%
' ) 3 ME 3 > )A 9( ' 3 ,( , & ) _ ' ( _3( &=& % ) ( (& > ))
! ! & 3A 2) ( 4! && ' )= 9( 3 ) *' , ' 3 &' 3 & ) , & 'V ( ))
4! && ' & 3 &!' 2) !'( )A % )) ( & )) 3' $ )! & 3A *' ' 9( E
) !' & * 9( )) C ' 9( D 3( &=& %

/ 3 +

'&' & U T ,' ) !' & C3 !()& ' )) D 3A( &=& 3 &, ) , (& )
@ E )A !()& ' ( 3 &, δU T% '(& ))' & 3 & ( ! !& 3 ' C, 9(
@3 @ , )A 9( ' 3 ,( , D 9( ) !' & !()& ' )) 3 , ,' !) ) &=& "
3A ( & & 9(A )) ! 3 , ),() ) !' & E ( & $ ) 9( ),' 9( U T%
5
4U T 4U T KC MθD

=U T QC MθD
S 5
U T U T C MθD 5

=U T

U T & , (& )> ' ! ( , 9(

U T O U/T% δU TP U T% δU TP U.T% δU .TP]
) &=& & ) @ >! 3 * ' >& !' & ! ( L )' & ** , @ , ),()
H )) & )' & 3 ) *'
=U T O U/T% U TP U T% U TP U.T% U .TP]
&' &'(& *' ,' 3 &
∞
9U T = U @ T%4U − @ T
@= /

J. M. Dilhac Page 32
Filtrage Numérique Février 05
9( ' & 4' / 3( &=& % )) ! 3 , ),() ) !' & 3A(
&=& E ( 9( ),' 9( > ,' && & !' & !()& ' )) % ) &=& '
, (& ) ) & 2' & 3 &' ' 3 )A 9( ' 3 ,' @')( ' 3 P E )A * %

)) ( &> ) ,' 3 ' 3 & 2 ) 3A( &=& ! ( , L *' () "

( &=& 3 &, & & 2) & & !' & !()& ' )) & &' 2) > &'
∞
4U @ T < ∞
@=−∞

, 6 ' +

3 * ' >) &*' 3 5'( 3 &, C 5 D3 U T ,' & ( ) !' & * 9( ,

CM*D 3A( &=& 3 &, % 9( ,' !) 4 ! ( L $ ! 9( 3'(2) ! & >
! &' '3() &' $( φ> '(& 3 (4 *' , ' 3 ) * 9( , * '( 3 ) !()& ' ω%
&=& ) ,' @ ( & $ ) 3A & (&'f3 ) ( & $ ) 3 L * 9( , > & 3'
)A !) (3 ) ! & 3 ! 3 3 φ% ,' @')( ' !' )) ( ) & !)(& ( !'( ) , ),()
3 ) &' 3A( &=& >! ( , L !) , ! ( & !) ! '3( 3 & )A &! , 3 & * 9( , &%

5
4U T 4U T KC MθD

=U T QC MθD
S 5
U T U T C MθD 5

=U T

,? 6 @+

GD * ' 4 !) & "

L 9( !'( ) & &=& & ) & ,' (& ) 4 & 3 & @ $ & E ( )& ) @ 2) !
'3( ! ) &*' 3 !) , > ' &'(@ L !'( ) & &=& & 3 &, & ) &E
( )& ) @ 2) F '3( ! ) _ &*' F_%
&*' F C kD KCFD 3A( & $ ) 4U T & 3 * ! "
∞
/ C JD = U T%J−
=−∞

& ! '! & && )) & 3 ) &*' F &' C) ! 9( ' 3( ) ) 3 )

&*' ' D"
U T + # . U T → / C JD + #/ . C J D
δU T →
δU − T → J−
U − T → J − / C JD
U T∗ . U T → / C JD%/ . C JD

J. M. Dilhac Page 33
Filtrage Numérique Février 05
' &9( ) & ,' 3 ' & ) & &' ()) &> ) & &( !'&& 2) 3 3 * 6 6
@ CFD 3A( &=& 3 &, 3' )A & 4U T ) &' =U T "
6 CJD
I C JD =
/ CJD
*' $ ) 3 CFD & * , ) '2 ( E ! 3 )A 9( ' 3 ,( , 3' )
&*' 3'
'
−@
6CJD = #@ J / CJD + @ J −@6 CJD
@= / @=
&'

#@ J −@
ICJD = @= /
'

− @ J −@
@=
.GD ( ! '! "
) & 3 3 ! && 3 CFD D CM*D ! ( & !) _F_ _ 4!CM.l*#5 D_3 ! )
& ) (3 3 & 5 k% , ),() 3 ) !' & ' 9( E ! 3 ) *' , ' 3 &* F
CFD 3 )A 9( ' 3 ,( , ! ( 3' , & * & !) > , && ! & ! ,() )
, ),() 3A( &*' 3 5'( %

4 9( "
) => @ , > & 2 ) => , (& ) => ) @ C D &=& &>
& ' $ #3 ) => 33 ' #&(2& , ' > () !) , ' 2= ,' & &>
9( ' (4 3 ** , & O 3 ** , 9( ' O ,( , *' () >
!()& *( , ' > !()& &!' & > * 9( ,= , , & ,&> & ! &!' & >
9( ' 3 ,' @')( ' O ,' @')( ' &( %

J. M. Dilhac Page 34
Filtrage Numérique Février 05

A 6 '

& 6 +

A'! ' _* ) $ _ & )A'! ' ) !)(& &'(@ )& ( 9( 3( & $ )%

* ) ,' @ ( & $ ) 3A 4U T ( & $ ) 3 &' =U T 3' ) &! , & ) 3
! 2) E , )( 3 4U T% & ,' !'& & &! , ) & &' ( & '( &(!! &> & & L 3 , ) &
` , & & )A'! ' 3 * ) $ & ( '! ' ) %
* ) 3 &, ! ( L "
^ 6C5 D '( ' C5 D>
^E 6 C 5D '( 6 C D>
^E ' &A ) !'&& 3 ) ' 2 ( 3 , ))() & 3 , && &%
$ )> ( * ) ,( & * & E !' & !()& ' )) * > & & 4, ! ' )) ! (
L E !' & !()& ' )) * % * ) 3 &, ' ,( & * & '(M'( & E !' & !()& ' ))
* %

! & 6+

GD 9( ' 3 ,( , "
& * ) & 3 &, & ' ,( & *& !'&& 3 ! & 3 2'(,) 3 ,' , ' `) ( 9( ' 3
,( , * 3' , !! Y ( & () &' 3 &, > &' !'( ( * ) , (& ) "
B
9[ ] = # [ − ]
=/
& (, ( =! 9( > 3 &@ & ) C'V& () ) @ ) ( 4U T & ' & D & 3' , ,' %

& ' ' '

3 3 3 3

.GD !' & !()& ' )) "

!! )' & 9(A ) &A $ 3 )A 4! && ' ! ,() U T 3 ) &' =U T )' &9( )A & )A !()& '
( 3 &, δU T% )A 9( ' 3 ,( , > ) !! Y 3' , 9(
4[ ] = #/δ [ ] + # δ [ − ] + #. δ [ − . ] + %%% + #B δ [ − B ]
B
= # δ[ − ]
=/
*) ' ,( & * & 3' , '(M'( & & 2) !( &9( & !' & !()& ' )) & E 3( * ")
&' @ E F ' ( 2'( 3 P , ))' &% & ,' ** , & ' ()& 3 U T &' ) &
,' ** , & 3 )A 9( ' 3 ,( , %

J. M. Dilhac Page 35
Filtrage Numérique Février 05
GD !' & 3 , )) "
!! )' & 9(A ) &A $ 3 )A 4! && ' ! ,() 3U T 3 ) &' =U T )' &9( )A & )A , )'
( 3 &, (U T% '&' & W !'& * `' ! ( )' & , 9( "
[@ ] = #/ + # + %%% + #@ !'( /gWd
[@ ] = #/ + # + %%% + #B = [B ] !'( gW
( @ 9( 3U T & () '( ! &> ) * ) _! && _) $ ,' ( ,' & '( ! &%

0GD !' & ' 9( "

),()' & ) &*' F 3 )A 9( ' 3 ,( , % )@ "
B
6(J) B
6 (J) = # J / (J) I(J) =
− −
= #J
=/ / (J) =/
*' , ' 3 &* CFD ! & 9( 3 & F '&> , 9( ,' * ) , , '(M'( & & 2)
3 &*) & ' ,( & *&% !' & * 9( , &A'2 & & 3 ** ,() !) \ ) @ 2) F
! 4!CM.l* D &' "
B
− > .π (
IC > D = #
=/
!' & * 9( )) & 3' , ! '3() > ! ! & > ! '3 9( 3 ! '3 $ ) E
) * 9( , 3A , ))' $ 5 % &! , * , ' 3A( * ) 3 &, & 3' , '(M'( & 3' &(
)A @ )) *' 3 ) U/g*g5 #.T%

1GD 5 ) & E ! & ) "

&' 3 & * ) & )& 9( ) & ,' ** , &2 ! & ( &= % ' , & ,' ** , & &'
(&& ) & @ ) ( & 3 & , ))' & 3 ) !' & !()& ' )) > , , , & 9( ! ( L
@ &( ) & ,' , 3 &&'(& 3 & ) , & 'V ) & ,' ** , & &' '(& !'& *&> &( @ 9(A )& &'
' 2 ! CE $ (, D '( ! CE 3 ' D%
$

! & 3 CM*D @ )' & ) *' , ' 3 ) * 9( , *% )) , , & 9(

,' !' 3 (4 @ $ &% ! & 3 ! ( 3(, ' ! 3 (4 C, & ! D '( ! &9(
3 (4 C, & ! D 3( ' 2 3 ,' ** , & ' & & 3A ! & 3 () !) , ' C@' 3 && D%
T T T T

4U T
T T T T

+ + +

2/ 2 2 2
. .

+
=U T

J. M. Dilhac Page 36
Filtrage Numérique Février 05

3 (4 @ $ & 3 ! & '3 * ) & *' & 3A' 3 3 & & $ (4 * ) &% ** > ) !&
3 ! '! $ ' 3 $ '(! & 3 * !

τ =−
? [I( > )]
.π
!& 3 ! '! $ ' 3 $ '(! & 3' , ,' & > 9( )) 9( &' ) * 9( , 3 & & $ (4
,' & 3 & " 3 (4 & (&'f3 & 3 * 9( , & 3 ** && ' 3 &3 3 9( ! ) (
@ & 3( * ) % A & , ** 9( 4!) 9( 9( ) & *' & 3A' 3 3 & & $ (4 &' ! &
3 *' & ! ) ! && $ 3 & ( * ) E ! & ) %
' ' 3 ! & ) & && )) *) $ ( 9( , ) ! & 3 ) *' , ' 3
&* A= & M & ,' & > & , 9(AE , (& 3( !& , && E )A 4 ,( ' 3
)A )$' % ' ' & ' &, ) *) $ )'$ 9( , > 3 & ) & 2 3 & ! && &3 &
*) &) ! & & $ ) ,' & > L & &'(@ ()) %

! 6+

GD 9( ' 3 ,( , "
* ) 3 &, ,( & * & , , & ! ) * 9( &' 9( ' 3 ,( , * !! Y 3 (4
&' & 3 &, &> ( $ '(! 3 & , ))' & 3 )A 4U T> ) 3 (4 3 & , ))' & 3 &
@ ) ( & ! && & 3 ) &' =U T% )) ! ( &A , "
B K
9[ ] = # [ − ]+ 9[ − ]
=/ =
O/ C& () 4 & ) 3 (4 &' 3 &, D ) *) & )' & 3 6%
! 9( > )A 9( ' 3 ,( , ! ( 3 , L &!'& &'(& ) *' 3( &, 2)', ,
,' " ,A & ) 6 %
& ' ' '
3 3 3 3

' ' '

& (, ( A & '( *' & ! & , ' 9( " ** > ! &' 3 ) )) ! ( L &*'
C @ & ' 3 )A' 3 3 ) , &, 3 " * ) ' ,( & * P * ) !( ,( & *D ( '(@ ))
& (, ( " ) 6 C@' &, & 2)',&D%

J. M. Dilhac Page 37
Filtrage Numérique Février 05
&

' ' '

' ' '

3 3 3 3

*' > )) , ' 9( > ,' ' & ) & !) , & ' %
&

' ' '

3 3 3

.GD !' & !()& ' )) "

(* , & ! ,() > U T A & ! & $'( (& $ ) E F ' ( 3 )E 3A( , $> ,' ,A &
) , & !'( ) & * ) & E !' & !()& ' )) * C* ) & ' ,( & *&D% $ )> ' ,' & (
!' & !()& ' )) E 3( * %
'( *' &> & ) * ) & & 2) > 4[ ] → / % & @ ) ( & 3 & ,' ** , & 3 ) & 2) % &
→∞
,' 3 ' & 3 & 2 ) ! (@ L ' , &E! 3A( 4! && ' )= 9( 3 U T%
GD !' & ' 9( "
@ , ) L 3 , 9( !'( ) & * ) & ' ,( & *&> ) & !'&& 2) 3A 2) ) *' , ' 3
B
# J−
B K
6 (J )
&* F " 6 (J) = # J− / (J) + J − 6 (J ) I(J ) = = = /K
=/ = / (J) − J−
=
)) , !'&& 3 3 & !m) & 3 & F '&% & ,' 3 ' & 3 & 2 ) ! (@ L ' , &
,' & 3 ) !'& ' 3 & !m) & @ & E @ & 3( , ,) 3 =' ( " , (4 , 3' @ L E )4
3 =' ( C@' 4 , , &D% ' 9( , , 3 & 2 ) 3 ** & & 2) 3
&' 9( @ ) )'$ 9( > &A !!) 9( )( (4 *' , ' & 3 &* &= 2') 9( & C( ) & ) @ 2)
3 !) , ' ! '( &D%
' &9( '(& ) & F '& &' E )A ( 3( , ,) 3 =' ( > ) &=& & 3 E
* ` ) & )' & 3A @ & & 2) %

J. M. Dilhac Page 38
Filtrage Numérique Février 05
,' ( *' &> ) !' & * 9( , &A'2 & & 3 ** ,() !) \ ) @ 2) F !
B − > .π

#
6 (J)
4!CM.l* D &' " I ( > ) = = =/
/ (J) K − > .π

−
=
!' & * 9( )) & 3' , E '(@ ( ! '3() > ! ! & > ! '3 9( 3
! '3 $ ) E ) * 9( , 3A , ))' $ 5 % &! , * , ' 3A( * ) 3 &, & 3' , 2
'(M'( & 3' )) (&& &( )A @ )) *' 3 ) U/g*g5 #.T%

, 6 6 & 6+

& , & 3 , ' 4 &' &( & 3 & ) 2) ( 3' !)(& )' % )& 3' @ L ,' (& 3(
,' , ! ( > , ! & 3 & ( ! ', 3( (' & 3 ,' , ! ' > )) & 9( , )) &
3 , & (, ! &( @ %

& 5
(, ( ' ,( & @ ) !)(& &'(@ ,( & @ ( 9(
5' , ' 3 &* ( 9( 3 & F '& !m) & F '&
2) *) '(M'( & & 2) ! ( L & 2)
!' & * 9( , "$ !' & 9( ),' 9( !'&& 2) *) && !) & & ()
!' & * 9( , "! & ! & ) !'&& 2) 3 , ) ( & !'&& 2) &
' !) 4 !)(& * 2) 9( 5
( *, ' ! & 3A ** 3 ** & '(M'( & ! & &

4 9( "
5O5 C* !()& &!' & D>
O C * !()& &!' & D>
,( & @ b ' ,( & @ >
* 9( , 3 ,'(!( O ,( '** * 9( ,=>
) ! & , , & ,> ! &&2 3> & '! 2 3> & ' 2 3c >
*) '= ( O '@ $ @ $ *) >
'&, )) ' O !!) >
)'c ! &&> $ ! &&> 2 3! &&> 2 3 M ,%

J. M. Dilhac Page 39
Filtrage Numérique Février 05

B ? ' +

C9 * " " +

&, 2)', 38( * ) > ! & !)(& 9( &' 9( ' 3 ,( , > * !! Y )8' 3 3 &
) 9( ) ) & '! ' & ) & C 33 ' > () !) , ' > & ' D ' ) (% , '3
! ( L ) && ( & 3 )' &9( ) & ,' &3 !& 3 ,'Z &' & @ &%

' )8 4 !) 38( * ) 3' ) &, 2)', & 3' , ,' % ' 9( ' 3 ,( , & "

=U TO4U TP .4U TP =U T

3 &, ! ' !)(& ! , & 3 &' *' , ' & $ ) ! '!'& ` )) ! , &
)8 , Y 3 & '! ' & ) &> & E ) 2 & 3 )8 ! 3 ! '$ ' ) $ $
, %
4U T

P
=U T

' & '

4U T =U T 4U T =U T 3 & 3' &

' & '

3U T 3U T !'
3 & 3' &
! ' &
x > x > 9( &

' & '

. 3 & ,' ** , &

=U T 4U T =U T :(** & #
4U T
!&

J. M. Dilhac Page 40
Filtrage Numérique Février 05
4U T
P

.
=U T
P
( !' 3 @( 3 ) ' , ( 3 & &() & 3 &> ) ' I !' J ( !
4 !) ) * ,() 3 & ',W 3 & '&2 & !)(& )' $& 9( ) ' & 3 3%

&, 2)', ( ) & !'( , ! & ' ,' &!' 3 E , 9( '(& @' & !! ) I *'
3 , J 9( > '(& ) & @' &> 8 & ! & , ' 9( % ,' ' '(@ ) I *' 3 , . J 3(
L *) > & 9( ) & '! ' & ) & ,' &!' 3 & 9( > ' ) 9( > &' ,
' 2 3( %

' & '

3U T 3U T 3U T 3 & 3' &

' & '

3U T 3U T 3U T !'
3 & 3' &
! ' &
x > x > 9( &

' & '

. 3 & ,' ** , &

=U T :(** & #
4U T

!&
)(& ! , & >) 2) ( , 3 &&'(& &( ) &, , & 9( & 3 , ,( 3 & &')( ' &%

5' & , , .
' 2 38 !) , & ' .
' 2 38 ,, & E ) ' 0

@ * & 9( ) *' I 3 , . J & !)(& ,' ' !) , ' C '& '

!' D !&% )(& $ ) > ,8 & & (, ( * &, 2)', & 9( , 3
, ' '! ' & 9( )8' '! & )8 4 ,( ' 3 )8 )$' &3 !3 >3 '
',,(! 3 & 2 ) C ' , ( 3 & &() &D% @ 3 >! !!' E ( ! '$ '
) $ $ @')( > ) !& 3 3 @ )'!! & !)(& !' % ,'Z ,' &!' 3 & '
9( 3 & ) , & 38( $ 3 & % 9(' & * 9( & , & ,' ! ) ( & ! ,' !
, & ,' &> ) ( & ! *' , & & 3 \E 38( ! '$ ' && 2) ( %

C9? 8 9+

D '3(, ' "

)$' 2 ! & & &'(@ &(** & !'( 3 ) & @ && & 38 4 ,( ' &'( &>
( ) &! , ) & 3' )' & L ( ) & " ) & , ,( & &! , ) & & 3 & ) ( 9(
3( & $ )% & ' 9( 38 2' 3 & @ (4 , ,( & E , '! ', && (
!'&& 3 ( I D" J% )& &' !)(& ) & & ()& (M'( 38 ( E !'&& 3 ,
, , & 9( %

J. M. Dilhac Page 41
Filtrage Numérique Février 05
&* ( , ,( ( 9( '! & !'( ) ) & ' 3 & '! ' & 3 2 & 3(
( 9( 3( & $ )% ) @ )) > &( @ ) & '3 ) &> @ $() * 4 '( *)' > )
)' $( ( 3 & ' & ( 9( & ! ( L @ 2) %
2D (, ( ! ,() &3 & " C, 9( &( &'(** 3 & 4, ! ' &D
^ )& ! (@ ) & )A 9( @ ) 3A( C ( ' &D & (, ' ,' !) C) , ( P 3 ,'3 $ P
4 ,( ' P $ D ( & () ! '3 38 ' )'$ > )& & () , & 9( ! &
!'( 9( & (, ' & 3 ** & C@' 3 && D% ! ,() & ! $ @ , ) & ! ', && ( &
C 3(, 3 & (, ' ' !( &D%
! *' , & 3( !'&& 2) $ j, E ( , ,( I @ 3 J 9( @ ) ,' *)
! 9( 4 & & ' ( @ (3 &: ' C( ) , ( ( $ & () &D `
) ' & )' & ' $ & ( ' & 3 (4 !) & " ( !'( ) & & (, ' & ( ( !'( ) &
3' &% 4 & 3' , ( ' & 9( : 38 3 && & 3 3' & # & (, ' &% 8 & ) & (, (
3 I J%
, ,( 8 & '( *' & ! & ) ! , " )) & ! & 3 * ( & ) &() 3 )8 & (, '
& , && ( 3 ,'3 $ 3 )8 & (, ' C P D> '( 2 & ( & ( ,' 3 ' ) ) (% & ' &
& (, ' & &( @ & C@' 3 && D ,'( & 38 4 ,( ' &' !)(& )' & M(& * &> ' @ 3 CI '
*)(& JD )' & ) ! ! ) %
!&

& (, ' , ,' 4 $

& (, ' P% 3%
,
,%
,' 4
%
$
& (, ' P. % 3% ,% %
, ,' 4 $
& (, ' P % 3% ,% %
, ,' 4 $
% 3% ,% %
, ,' 4 $
% 3% ,% %
, ,' 4
% 3% ,%
, ,'
% 3%
,
%
3 && & 3 && &

3' & & (, ' &

^ )& !'&& 3 3 & ,,( () ( & 3(& ' 2 3 2 &> !'( ! & ' 9( ) & &() & 3
, ),()& 3 &%
^ )& !'&& 3 3 & I & 3'c $ & & J " '(& ) & $ & & &' 3'(2) &> )8 3( ! ( L
& (@ $ 3 )' & 3 )8 @ 38( (! ' )'$ , )) '( )) )' & 38( (& $ !& )%
$ & !' > , ) ! ', 3( 3 ' )) 38 L &( (! ' , && ./ E E / ,=,) &
38 ' )'$ %
^ )& &!'&& 3 3 & $ & & I E 2 )) J !'( 3 , ) ) @ $() )' & 3 () !) , ' & @ $()
*)' %
,D : ) "
8 , ,( & &! , * 9( 3 & ! 3 $ 3& $ & 3 !& & ! ( ! & & @ E '( >
! 3 & & @ $ & !'( , & !!) , ' & C3 2 , & () !) &> ' 2 (& &
(! ' &] D% )& & 2) ,' ,( , &! ) & 9( *' $ 3 (& $ 3 ' , , !'(
,, ) ) & 4 ,( ' &> & )8 @ $ 3 3 & & 9( > !'( ) & !!) , ' & !&
)> ) ( & ! *' , & &' I 3 & & J C9( * 2) &D ,8 & 2 , ) 9( ,' ! > !
!!' E 3 & 9( @ ( )) & ' C ) ' D !)(& ! 3 &> 3 & , & , & 3 * $(
! ( ! @ & 2) & ! ' %

!'( ) & > , &' 3 & $& &I & J 9( &' !)'= &%
J. M. Dilhac Page 42
Filtrage Numérique Février 05
& '(@ )) & , , ( & ,' !'& &> ! ,' > ) $ ) & 3 (4 =! & 3 , ,( & " ! 4 !)
( I ,B( J ,'' 3' )8 , @ 3 !)(& ( & % (2 ( , '! ', && ( & &&', E (
,'! ', && ( E( &! , * 9( > , 3 ! 2) & ' ! '$ 2) %
' ' & * 9( ,' , ) & > , (4 , ' ,' \(& !'( L ! '$ & && 2) ( `
) & ,' ! ) ( & &' !! (& &( % 8 @ & ( ) ( !'( ) & % & ,' ! ) ( & !'( >
&' 3' , ,' 3 ME 3 ' & ! *' & 9(8( ! '$ ' && 2) ( % )& &' '( *' &
! '$ & ! `' ! ( L (M'( 38 ( $ 3( ,'3 && 2) ( 3 , E! 38(
&, 2)',& *' , ' )&%
& ) , 3 3( 3 @ )'!! 38( !!) , ' > ( , ' 4 , (, ) & $ ) , )( 38(
! ', && ( @ $() * 4 '( *)' % @ $() * 4 ( ! ', && ( @ ( / 5> ( ! ', && (
@ $() *)' 3 L $ ' @ (3 /// 5 [ & !& 3 3 @ )'!! &' ! ,'
9( ) @ 3 & ) !!' @ & %
' ,)(' & ' ( &! , &'(@ $ ' " E !( & , 3 , ),() 9( @ ) > ) !( && ,
) , 9( 3 && ! ! ( & 2 ' 3 9( !'( ( a ,) && 9( % , , & 9( 3'
( @ $ && ) (4 !'( ) & !!) , ' & !' 2) &%
& $ 3& *'( && ( & 3 &' > ( &> 4 & & ( &> (, > ' ' ') > )'$
@ , &%

4 9( "
'3 !()& ' )) O c 3'c $ 3 & $ '3>
&*' ' 2) O2) &*' >
)' $( ( 3 ' & * O* c' 3) $ ** , >
,' @ & ' 3 & ,' ** , & 3( * ) %%% O ,' ** , 9( F ' '>
' 3 3 & &() & 3 & O '( 3 '** ' & %

J. M. Dilhac Page 43
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) /

E. Sicard, J.M Dilhac Page 44

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) E 2C F "" G

, ))' E @ )) & * 4 & ( & $ ) ,' (> 3' ' , ),() ) 3 & 3 ! '2 2 )
!' * $( % ' ( 4 !) 3 & $ ) 3 & (9( ) ) 3 & !'( ,' &!' 3 %
& 3
! '2 2 )

- ) (&

%/ P %/

# #! ) !

' 9( ) ! '2 2 ) 38L σ P σ 3 & ) , & 38( @ 2) ) ' 3 3 & 3

! '2 2 ) $ (&& & 3 /%??; @ ' %

H )

' K Q 3 (4 @ 2) & ) ' & 3 ! 3 &%

( )) & )A 4! && ' 3 ) *' , ' 3 ! ' C=D 3 ) @ 2) ) ' KPQ N
( )) & ) ) ' ) 3 & 3 ! '2 2 ) 3 kOKPQ , )) & 3 K QN
&) , &3 @ 2) & ) ' & ! & ( *' / > , KC4 D kC4D%

' " KC4DO 3 & 3 ! '2 2 ) 3 K QC4DO 3 & 3 ! '2 2 ) 3 Q%

E. Sicard, J.M Dilhac Page 45

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) E 2C F! % / " G

' θ( @ 2) ) ' ( *' ! π#. Pπ#.%

' QO CθD

D , ) 3 & 3 ! '2 2 ) *θC4D

.D , QCθD
D ),() 5QC4D &'(& *' 3A( $ )
0D 3 3( *QC4D
1D ),() UQT

' ( @ 2) ) ' K = ( 3 & 3 ! '2 2 ) *KC4D 3' ! "

/ C D = % 4!C− D%

% ( )) & ) ) ' N
& ) &( 3 )A 4 , , > ' &(!!'& O %
%. ' )A ))( 3 *KC4D
% ' )A ))( 3 ) *' , ' 3 ! ' 5KC4D
%0 ' ( 4 !) 3 ) & ' 3 K *' , ' 3( !&
%1 ( @ ) )A &! , 3 K> ) @ , )A , =! N

E. Sicard, J.M Dilhac Page 46

Travaux Dirigés Février 05

)) E 2C) F %6 " G

, ),() 3 ) *' , ' 3A ( ' ,' ) ' 3A( & $ ) ( 9( ) ' / '( > 9( ! '2 2) >
, $ E , 9( !& () !) 3 C* $( E $ (, D> 3' ) &() &( @ C5 $( E
3 ' D%
• 3 3( ) ! $ @ C d/D
• ),() ) @ ) ( 3 :
γ44

:
/ !&

!&

& !! ' ! E !

H & 46 "

' 4C DO @ , O @ ,( ! '2 2 ) !> O @ ,( ! '2 2 ) 9

D ( )) & ) ) ' ! 9N
2D ' . 4 !) & 3 )& '
,D && * C4D
3D ( @ ( ) ,' ** , 3A ( ' ,' ) ' N ! ', &&(& & ) & ' (& &) $ N
D ' 9( U4T & 3 ** 3 ) '= 3 4 C ', &&(& ' $'3 9( D

E. Sicard, J.M Dilhac Page 47

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)0 E 2C0 F " G

, Y && ' # , ! ' ( 9( *' , ' & )' ) ! , ! 3 ) * $( , 3 &&'(&%

&& ' > ( I / J 9( @ ( E 1-> ( I J E 1-% *' ' 3 =! I / J '( I J & @'=
! )8 ( '( & ) & &% ' & 3 )8 && ' > ( 2 ( 2) , 6 (&& C O/-> σO.-D @ 3
&(! !'& ( & $ )> 9( ! ( 2 ) , ! ' %

( , ! (

1 #!

GD & *' ' &I/J I J 9( ! '2 2) &> 3 && ( ) & ' 3( 2 ( 2) ,

$ (&& ( ) & ' 3( & $ ) ( @ ( 3( , ! (
.GD (!!'& 9( )8 ( @' ( 2 I / J> 9( @ ( ) 3 & 3 ! '2 2 ) 3( & $ ) E )
, ! ' N
GD ( @ ( ) ! '2 2 ) 38 ( 3 & && ' 3( 2 I / J N
0GD (!!'& 9( )8 ( @' ( 2 I J> 9( @ ( ) 3 & 3 ! '2 2 ) 3( & $ ) E )
, ! ' N
1GD ( @ ( ) ! '2 2 ) 38 ( 3 & && ' 3( 2 I J N
7GD ),() ) ! '2 2 ) 38 ( $)'2 )

' " 38 ! & ) & 2) & 3 ) *' , ' 3 ! ' 3 & )' & 3 6 (&&> ' '(@ "

−
. .
4!C D = /%?;;.
−∞ .π .
− .
4!C D = /%??<71
−∞ .π .

E. Sicard, J.M Dilhac Page 48

Travaux Dirigés Février 05

)= ! 2 ' E 2C F * . / G

(! ( )'$ 9( X & ,' 3 ! ( & $ ) ! '3 9( C D> & E )8 , ))' $

38( & $ ) 4C D C@' ) * $( D%
GD ' 4C D O ,'& C.π* D> 5 O 1* O />1 ` ! & 4 C D !'( ( ! '3 3 4C D%
.GD L 9( & ' !'( ) , ,( 3 ) * $( .%
GD * 9( , 38 , ))' $ , ' & !)(& ( &! , )) ) ' 3 ' N (& *
) !' & %
CD α
X X*
P
4C D 4 CD
X '(@
CD /

5 $( " 4C D & ( $ ( 3 &' ! * 5 O # %

X
P
4C D 4 CD

CD

5 $( . " 4C D & ( $ ( 3 &' ! * %

& $ ) _ ) @ & ' _ )'$ 9( & ,'3 ! ( > !'( ( & && ' ! ( &=&
( 9( % &! , 3( & $ ) )'$ 9( &A ) 3 / E 7 F% & $ ) ( !') & 9( * !
' 3% &'( 9( )A ( 3 9( *, ' 3 ! && M & R 3 ) !) , )) %
GD ( )) 3' L ) * 9( , ) 3A , ))' $ N
.GD ( ) & > 3 & , , &> ) 3 2 ( 9( 3' !'&& 3 ) &=& 3 & && ' ( 9(
C 2 &#&D N

& " ' 6 +

GD @ ) ( 4 ( 3( !!' & $ ) &( 2 ( 3 9( * , ' 3A( E . 2 & & 3 ; >;7

3:% !( && , 3( & $ ) & 3 / n % ( )) & )' & ) !( && , 3( 2 ( N
.GD @ )) ) ! ' , ( '( ! ' 3 > !'( , 9( & 3 ) 9( *, '
!) (3 N '( 9(' N

E. Sicard, J.M Dilhac Page 49

Travaux Dirigés Février 05

)A ! 2 ' E 2C F 6 ! G

),() ) 5 3 & & $ (4 "

GD 4U T O δU T
.GD 4U T O δUC D T

!! )) )A 9( ' 3 ) &*' 3 5'( 3 & & $ (4 3 &, &C 5 D"

+∞ − > .π
/C D = [ ]% C5 * 9( , 3A , ))' $ D%
=− ∞
' 3A ( ! ) & $ ) " U T O δU T P .%δU TP δU P T%
GD ! & U T%
.GD ),() C*D> 5 3 U T% , C D 3 & )A @ )) o5 %

!! )) )A 9( ' 3 ) &*' 3 5'( 3 &, C 5 DE !' &"

− > @ .π
/U@%∆ T = [ ]% B CW > ∆* O 5 # D%

GD ),() UW∆*T> 5 E !' & 3 U T% , U@∆ T 3 & )A @ )) o5 %

0GD ),() AUW∆*T> 5 E 1 !' & 3 U T% , A U@∆ T 3 & )A @ )) o5 %

1GD * ! && ) & $ ) U T> @ , O #5 > ! ( ) @ ( 3 * 9( ,

3A , ))' $ C 5 D> 3 !!' 3A ) @ ' O .% ' =U A T ) & $ ) 3 &' 3 )A 5 % ,
=U T% ),() QC*D> 5 3 =U A T> *' , ' 3 * !%
7GD 9( )9( & ! & & ,) & 2 @ &> ,' ,)( &( )A & 2) 3 , @ )%
%: " &( , ,( 3 & , & 3 & 9( & ' & 0> ' &(! !'& ) ,'( 2 3 ) 9( & ' .%

)$' 3 55 E /.0 !' & & ( ) & !& ) \' & & 3' & 38(
C ' @ && ( )'$ 9( ( 9( D @ )) E ( * 9( , 38 , ))' $ 3 .1>7 W F%
GD 9( ) !& 3 ,=,) C, ),() 38( 33 ' 38( () !) , ' ! ) C $ ) $ )
', &&' D , ' & !'( )8 4 ,( ' 3 )8 )$' D @'(& ,' F @'(& N
.GD ( & ! && )& ) !& 3 ,=,) & !)(& $ 3 9( , @ ) ( N
GD 8 ) & !)(& ,'( N

E. Sicard, J.M Dilhac Page 50

Travaux Dirigés Février 05

)B ! 2 ' E 2C) F - 3 G

' ) &=& "

4U T #.

P =U T

GD &' 9( ' (4 3 ** , &> 3 3( & ( C' 3 > , (& ) > ) >

@ , > ,( & @ D%
.GD ( )) & & !' & !()& ' )) N ' ,)( 9( E& & 2) %

' ) &=& "

4U T

2 P =U T

GD &' 9( ' (4 3 ** , &> 3 3( & ( C' 3 > , (& ) > ) >

@ , > ,( & @ D%
.GD 2) )A 4! && ' 3 & *' , ' 3 &* CFD%
GD ( )) & & !' & !()& ' )) N ' ,)( 9( E & & 2 ) %
0GD ! 3 &' &, *' , ' ) 3 &, > 3' 3 , &' &, *' , ' ) F%

E. Sicard, J.M Dilhac Page 51

Travaux Dirigés Février 05

)I ! 2 ' E 2C0 F! G

' ( & (, ( , ' 9( 3( * ) , 3 &&'(&%

4U T P =U T

' ( & (, ( 3 *) &@ & ) ( * ) , 3 &&'(&%

4U T

2 P
3
,

P =U T

' ) * ) 3 * ! )A 9( ' (4 3 ** , &"

=U T O / p4U T 4U Tq
GD ),() ! & $ ! 9( & & !' & & !()& ' )) > 3 , )) ' 9( !'(
/ O #.%
.GD ! 3 & !' & ' 9( > 3 & ( %
GD L 9( & ' !'( )A 9( ' (4 3 ** , &"
=U T O / p4U T 4U .Tq> / O #.%
0GD L 9( & ' !'( )A 9( ' (4 3 ** , &"
=U T O / p4U T P 4U Tq> / O #.%

E. Sicard, J.M Dilhac Page 52

Travaux Dirigés Février 05
,

' ) *) "

4U T P =U T

GD ' ) & 4! && ' & 3 &' 9( ' (4 3 ** , &> 3 & !' & !()& ' )) 3 &
*' , ' 3 &* F%
.GD &,( & & 2 ) %
GD ! & $ ! 9( & !' & ' 9( !'( O />1%

,& J +

&A && , E ) ( ' 3A( !) , * , > ,' & 3 ,' ( &=& E !&
3 &, > ( ( (4 &( ) τ> 4! 3 , )% ' 2 9( * ) !& ' 2
3 *' & ) ! '3 3A , ))' $ > , ( ' &% ,' & 3 9( ) & '(@ (4 @ & &
) & L& ,9( & 3( ' & ,'() &' @ & & ( , ! ) ,,( () 9(A ( ! M'( 3 , 9(
' &%
GD ' > &'(& *' 3 &, 2)',> ) & (, ( 3( &=& % 9( )) & )A 9( ' 3 ,( , 3(
!) , N' ' =U T ) & 3 &, ,' &!' 3 ( , ! ) ,,( () > 4U T ) & 3 &,
,' &!' 3 (4 @ & &%
.GD ' )A 4! && ' 3 ) !' & !()& ' )) U T 3( !) , > ( )& 3 & )A 4! && '
3( &() ) *' , ' , )' ( 3 &, " (U T O / !'( d /> (U T O !'( h /% 3 3(
)A 4! && ' 3 =U T !'( ( @ & ) ( 9( 4U T O %δU T% &=& & ) & 2) N
GD ' 3 &@ & & 4U T O %(U T% ) & )A 9( ' 3 ,' @')( ' !'( '(@
)A 4! && ' 3 =U T%
+
−
!! )) 9( " + + .
+ +%%% + =
−

, &! - +

@ ( ! ', 3 ( _) && $ _3A( ,'( 2 ! ( 3 ** 3 3' & $ & &% '(

, ) > ' 3 ,3 3 )& ( *) _ '= ( _> 3' ) &' = 3 $ & ) '=
9( 3 & &43 $& C D> > C P D%
GD ( )) & )A 9( ' (4 3 ** , & 3( * ) N
.GD , & !' & !()& ' )) & !' & 3 , )) %
GD ( ) * , * ) 3 ) > @ , !' )) > , (& ) > & 2 ) %
0GD , & !' & * 9( )) C '3() ! & D% '( 9( )) * 9( , ) '3() &A () )
3 & )A @ )) *' 3 ) N ' ,)( 9( ( =! 3( * ) %
1GD '= & , ),() &( ) & &3 $ > C D> C .D% & , ),()> ! , & ) &
! & 3 & 9( & ' & 0 9( & '(@ L '3 * &%

E. Sicard, J.M Dilhac Page 53

Travaux Dirigés Février 05

)K ! 2 ' E 2C=F! & G

3
E!

4U T

P
=U T

GD 2) )8 4! && ' 3 &' 9( ' 3 ,( , %

.GD '!'& > &'(& *' 3 &, 2)',> ( ( & (, ( > 3 , 3 3( 3 )8 9( ' 3
,( , %
GD 9( )) 3 , & 3 (4 & (, ( & & , ' 9( N
0GD * , *) & 3 ,( & @ > , (& ) > @ , !' )) %
1GD , & )8 4! && ' 3 & !' & !()& ' )) % & 9( ) , & ! ,() & )) E 3( *
N
7GD 3 3( ) & ,' 3 ' & 3 & 2 ) 3 , * ) %

&! '

& ) , & 38( & && ' & 3 3' &2 & C/ '( D ( ) & ( ) $ C! &= 9(
'( ,' 4 ) D ) & && ' 38( I J ,' &!' 3 E ( !()& ' , $() !'& @ )
& && ' 38( I / J ,' &!' 3 E ( 2& , 38 !()& ' C*' ( !') kD% 8 && '
) , ! ' &' &= , ' &> 3 ! '3 > )8 , ))' $ E ) , ! ' = ) ( ( ) ( 3(
' !' ) ,' &!' 3 E )8 && ' @ ( )) 38( !)()& ' %

E. Sicard, J.M Dilhac Page 54

Travaux Dirigés Février 05

/ / / 4C D 4U T

/>0

/>.

/ . 0 / . 0
& & 38 , ))' $ E) , ! ' & & 38 , ))' $ E) , ! '

, & 3 ) , & ) !'( ( !()& ' &')

! 9( > 3( * 3 ) ( I ! && 2 & J 3 ) ) $ > )8 !()& ' > )' &9(8 )) 4 & > @ (
@ ( 3( , ! ( 3 *' ,' 3 9( , 3 &&(&% & ) , &> ! 4 !) > 3 )8 && ' 38(
I/J , 3 ! 3 (4 I ( J 4 & )' & ) &9( 3 ) ! ) @ ( 3( & $ )
,' &!' 3 E ) , ! ' 3( I / J C,' *(& ' &= 2') D% ) , ! ' > @ '(
! ' 3( ,'3 > ) & 3' , ! ', 3 E ( * ) $ I $ ) & ( J% ! & 38 )' $ > ( ) &
( !()& ' &') & ( ) & !'( ,' , @' ) * ) %

GD *) I $ ) & ( J 3' () ) & , ))' & 4U T ,' &!' 3 E ) , ! ' 38(

!()& ' &') )) 4C D '(& !' & C& !'&& 2) D> & (* &' 4 ( % &) , & '( ( * )
' ,( & * & , ' & > 3 ) *' , 3 &&'(&> 3 ) @ ) ( ) 3 ! !'( '2 )
&() , , CE & @' ! 9( " =U/T O > =U T O =U.T O /D 3 & ) , & 3 )8 !()& ' 4C D ,
3 &&(&% & 3' " =U T O /4U T P 4U T P%%%P ! 4 U !T%
.GD ),() 3 & , , & ) & @ ) ( & ( 9( & 3 & ,' ** , & 3( * ) %
GD ( )) , , & 9( 3( * ) $ )8 2& , 3 ,'(@ !()& ' & @' & &
)' &9( !)(& ( & !()& ' & & ' & &N
0GD ),() ) !' & ,' !) C e !D 3( * ) ( & $ ) 4U T , 3 &&(&> 3 3( ) 3 * (
M ( 3 ) &')( ' ! '!'& %
1GD ( )) & ) @ ) ( 3 / & ) 4 ( 3 4U T 8 & ! & ) ! , ))' ' () N

( )& ( * ) !( ,( & * 3 ) *'

=U T O /4U T P 2 =U T P%%%P 29 =U 9T%

7GD ( ) & )8' 3 ( 9 , && !'( '2 ) L &() 9(8 ( GN

;GD ),() 3 & , , & ) & @ ) ( & ( 9( & 3 & ,' ** , & 3( * ) %
<GD * ) &'(** ) 3( =! 3 3 * ( ,' ( 0GN
?GD ( & ! && )& ) 4 ( 3 4U T 8 & ! & ) ! , ))' ' () N
/GD ' ,)( %

' ) *) ( 9( 3 , ! )8 9( ' " =U T O 4U T 4U <T P =U T%

GD ' )8 4! && ' 3 )8 9( ' 3 ,( , ' ,( & @ 3 , @ )) (&& , * ) %
.GD & 3 (4 9( ' &> 9( )) & ) !)(& ,' ' @ & E @ & 3( !& 3 , ),() N
GD '( 9(' ) * ) 4 , ! ( ) L 3 , & () ! ( *' ,( & @ (
*' ' ,( & @ N

E. Sicard, J.M Dilhac Page 55

Travaux Dirigés Février 05
,&! +

' ) * ) 3 &, C D , 3 &&'(&%

GD , , & & 3 ,( & @ > & 2 ) > , (& ) %
.GD 2) &' 9( ' 3 ,( , )A 4! && ' 3( '3() 3 & *' , ' 3 &*
* 9( )) CM*D% 3 ( 4! && ' * & !! Y 9( 3 & *' , ' & & (&
,'& (&%
GD ' )A 4! && ' 3( '3() 3 & !' & * 9( )) ) , 3 & )A @ ))
.
*' 3 ) U/>5 #.T> 5 ) * 9( , 3A , ))' $ % !! )) 9( .& O ,'&. %

' ) * ) 3 &, C2D , 3 &&'(&%

0GD , , & & 3 ,( & @ > & 2 ) > , (& ) %
1GD 2) &' 9( ' 3 ,( , )A 4! && ' 3( '3() 3 & *' , ' 3 &*
* 9( )) ACM*D% 3 ( 4! && ' * & !! Y 9( 3 & *' , ' & & (&
,'& (&% ( )) & &' ) & * 9( , & */ !'( ) &9( )) & ACM*D &A () N
7GD , & !' & * 9( )) 3 & )A @ )) *' 3 ) !'( O 0% (& * ) * 9(A ) &'
!! ) _* ) ! $ _%
U4T U4T

C D C.D C D

U=T U=T
P P
C D C2D

E. Sicard, J.M Dilhac Page 56

Travaux Dirigés Février 05

) L ! 2 ' E 2CAF - ? G

' ) *) 3' ) & (, ( & 3' , 3 &&'(&%

4U T > =U T

GD !'& O />? % , ) !' & !()& ' )) 3 , * ) % ' ,)( 9( E& & 2) %
.GD &(!!'& =U/T O ;> 4U T O / !'( '( h /% , =U T !'( h /% ' ,)( 9( E)
& 2) %

! 3 ,' ! ) 9( * , ' 3 & &() & 3 & * & !! Y (

9( *, ( 3 & ) & (, ( 3( * ) ,' 3 9( , 3 &&'(&%

4U T > =U T

GD 9( * , ' 3 & &() & 3 & ( )) 3 &! & 2) & ' @ ') (
)' $( ( 3 ' !)(& $ 3 = 9(A 4 N (& * ) !' & %
.GD & )A =!' & 'V( 9( * , ( & , && > ( ) !( L !) , )) ( &> & '( 'VN
GD ,' & 3 E '(@ ( ) & (, ( ! '!'& , 3 &&(& `&' 9 ) ! & 3 9( *, '
!) (3 % &(!!'& =U/T O ;9> 4U T O / !'( '( h /% , =U T !'( h/ 3 &
)A =!' & 'V) 9( *, ( @ )) ! ' 3 % ' ,)( 9( E ) & 2 ) %
0GD L 9( & ' & ) 9( *, ( @ )) ! ' , ( %
1GD ' & 3 ) & &() & 3 & 9( & ' & 0 , 3 &&(&> & 9( ) & , , & 9( & 3( 2 ( 3
9( * , ' &&', > ! ( ' ,' & )) ( =! 3 9( * , ( ,' @ E '( & ) & !!) , ' &
N
%: " 3 & ) & 9( & ' & 0 , 3 &&(&> ' &(!!'& 9( !'&& 3 ) @ ) ( 4 , />? %

' ) *) ( 9( ! & , 3 &&'(& `) ! & 3 9( * , ' & 9% & ( 9( *, (

! ' 3% ! & )A ** 3( 3 ! && " =U T O 4!U T & r4!U Trg .<9 =U T O / & r4!U Tre
.<9% !'& 4U T O / !'( h/%
GD =U T !'( . g g / ` O >? ^ . O />???1 ^ =U .T O 9 ^ =U T O .?9%

E. Sicard, J.M Dilhac Page 57

Travaux Dirigés Février 05
.GD ( )) & ) ! '3 '&,C &D 3 & '&, )) ' & N 3' 5 O 0 W F C* 9( ,
3A , ))' $ D%

4! U T
4U T > =U T

>
.

(4 5

' ) *) , ,' %

4U T

, 2

> > =U T

GD ' &' 9( ' 3 ,( , % & ) , ' 9( N

.GD ( )) & ) ,' 3 ' &( > 2 , !'( 9(8 ) &' E ! & ) N
I ' 3 &!'& ' J ** 9( ) !' & * 9( , 38( * ) & @ &>3 &
) &, 2)',
D ) & $ ) , ,() & & @ & C)8 3 @ ) &' @ , @ & H ) & 3 &!'& *&
3 , ' )& &' '( &D
2D ) & B(3& &' !) , & ! 3 & 33 ' ( & ) & 33 ' ( & ! 3 & B(3&%
GD ' ) *' &!'& 3( * ) , 3 &&(&% - * ) ' %
0GD *' & )) , ' 9( N
1GD ) &, 2)', ) , )( 3( G> = )( ! & ( L ! ,() N 9( ) N

E. Sicard, J.M Dilhac Page 58

Travaux Dirigés Février 05

0 6

& $ ) ) ' H I $ (4 =& & ( & ' &J % ,) ,9> % ( 9( & H ??7>
& H : . <77/ 11 ;

$ )3 & >&$ ) ) ' H % ( 9( & H ??? H &H 4 ,, & ! '2) & ,' $ &
: . ;07. //1. K

3( & $ ) &'(& ) 2 H % ( 9( & H & H ./// H : . ;07. / /1 0

( 9( 3( & $ ) H % : )) $ H &&' > ')) , ' , 9( &, * 9( 3 &

) ,' ( , ' & H ??1 H : . ..1 <0??; <

*) $ & & !!) , ' & H % 2 > % %X *> :% 6 ' H ! 3( & 3 ' & H ?<< H
: . <10.< ?/ K

E. Sicard, J.M Dilhac Page 59