Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
August 2005
Retail Analytics
White Paper
Contents
Market Overview 6
R E TA I L A N A LY T I C S 3
Foreword
The eighties and the nineties in retail systems were The buying and merchandising function is one of the
about improved transaction processing. Retailers most important in any retail business. Many complex
replaced many of their merchandise management decisions have to be made, such as:
systems, deployed electronic data interchange (EDI) and •
How wide should the ranges be?
introduced a plethora of in-store applications to better •
What ratios should we buy each colour in?
support the transaction processing aspects of the •
What ratios should we buy each size in?
business. In the second half of the nineties, there was a •
How should we allocate initial stock injections to
great deal of focus on Y2K and replacing operational stores to maximise sales?
systems so that companies were not at risk. As a result, •
How accurately can we forecast store/stock keeping
transaction processing systems are now widely deployed unit (SKU) level sales to drive replenishment?
and many companies are on their second and, in some •
When should we markdown slow-moving items and
cases, third-generation systems. how deep should the markdown be?
In the latter part of the nineties, business intelligence or Business intelligence systems make a major contribution
decision support systems started to come into their own. to improved decision making. For example, many retailers
As the technology has improved, progressively more analyse historic sales by size and use last season’s size
science has been added to the subjective aspect of ratios as a guide to this year’s. But most stockouts occur
retailing. Leading retailers now combine their buying flair in the best-selling sizes and this approach will perpetuate
with rigorous analysis to achieve market leading results. under buying those sizes for the next season. Analysing
past sales for the period of time that stock coverage was
The biggest areas to benefit from rigorous analysis are: good (rather than the whole season) will give a more
• Merchandising decisions accurate planning assumption.
• Store operations
• Identification and adoption of marketing strategies In a similar way, analysing the sales rate of an SKU may
and campaigns show that it is not selling at the planned rate and that
• Supply chain management action needs to be taken. Drilling down by store often
shows that some stores are doing well with specific sizes
or colours, some are doing OK, and some doing badly.
A retailer might then decide to do nothing in the stores
where the product is selling well and apply a 30 per cent
markdown in the stores where it is doing less well. In the
stores where it is moving far too slowly for the markdown
to make any real difference, retailers might transfer the
stock to stores where it sells well. In this way, they can
greatly reduce markdown as a per cent to sales and
improve overall profitability from the merchandise.
4 R E TA I L A N A LY T I C S
Store operations is also an area of major importance. A critical dimension of supply chain management is
Most store managers know how their own store is the ability to forecast and react to demand. Demand
performing, but lack knowledge of how other stores and sales are the same thing until stockouts occur.
are doing on a comparable basis. As an example, Then retailers know the sales, but not the demand.
a store might finish the week up five per cent on the Business intelligence systems can help estimate true
same week last year, and the store manager might feel demand by assessing lost sales when stores were out
pleased with that result. However, if they can see that of stock. The historically-adjusted estimate of demand
the company was up nine per cent for the same period, (sales plus estimated lost sales) then provides a much
they really did four per cent worse than the company better basis for forecasting future demand. This, in turn,
average. At this point, the ability to drill down and allows the incidence of stockouts to be reduced.
make comparisons against other similar stores helps
the store manager to see how performance can be As this discussion shows, business intelligence systems
sharpened. Within store operations, retailers can have a huge role to play in running a more successful,
benefit from business intelligence-based analysis in more profitable retail business. Intelligent use of these
a number of ways: systems creates a powerful gap between the market
• Increasing sales by exploiting product affinities leaders and the followers. The remainder of this
and adjacencies. document examines some of the uses of business
• Identifying opportunities to improve space intelligence in more detail and shows how Microsoft
productivity — allocating the right space to each and its partners are helping retailers take advantage of
product category. their business intelligence opportunities. I am confident
• Maximising labour productivity — having the most that you can profit significantly from investigating this
registers open when the most customers are in the whole area further.
store.
• Improving inventory availability in cases where Brian Hume
stores can do some re-ordering or influence their Managing Director
own store ranges. Martec International Ltd.
R E TA I L A N A LY T I C S 5
Market Overview
The retailing environment is a dynamic one. Companies However, with the advent of more advanced technology
need to be flexible and reactive so they can quickly and higher customer expectation, retailers are able to
respond to increasingly sophisticated customer demands. respond to customer demand in near-real time. Under-
With the development of the Internet and the growth standing customer buying patterns is key to delivering
of multi-channel operations, businesses must be able to an enhanced retailing experience. Retailers are beginning
change their business models so they can collect real-time to realise that to optimise performance and revenue,
business information and drive the efficiency of their they must understand where their customers are
day-to-day operations. coming from.
Retailers must also find a way to understand the Business Intelligence Makes Business Sense
range of customer segments in the marketplace. Retailers can use business intelligence to improve the
A one-size-fits-all approach can no longer meet the quality of service in a number of key areas. By providing
needs of a diverse customer base. Increasingly, retailers an accurate portrayal of customers, business intelligence
are beginning to see the value in tailoring product can help retailers to make business decisions quickly and
assortment and marketing to different stores so that with confidence. As a result, they can enjoy in-creased
customers always have access to the products they revenue, lower operating costs, and improved customer
want, where and when they want them. relationships.
Key to ensuring that customers always receive the Accurate business intelligence also helps businesses
highest possible service is the elimination of traditional respond faster to new opportunities and changing
issues such as stockouts. In today’s competitive market- demands. Combining intelligent prediction mechanisms
place, technology is playing a vital role in driving with rapid execution helps organisations move from
efficiency and improving store responsiveness. concept to implementation as quickly as possible.
Not only can retailers collaborate more closely with
suppliers through sharing business information, they With access to an accurate snapshot of the profitability
can also predict demand and respond to real-time of specific customer relationships, retailers can focus
trading fluctuations to improve their stock levels. on their most lucrative customers. And by integrating
systems that span the enterprise—e-commerce, CRM,
The Rise of Business Intelligence and point of sale (POS) — businesses can create a
With growing industry focus on the need for an effective complete profile of a customer and offer insight into
method of collecting high-quality business intelligence, their buying patterns, sensitivity points, and preferred
reporting and analysis tools are becoming a must in the methods of contact and communication.
retail space. By keeping close track of their day-to-day
operations, retailers can boost store pro-ductivity by Businesses must focus on optimising their relationships
gaining a clear view of transactions, remaining stock, with existing customers if they want to stay ahead of the
best-selling products, and even staff performance. competition. Understanding who their loyal customers
are is important, while developing an individual, one-to-
In the past, retailers relied on historical analysis to inform one marketing message for the customer demonstrates
future decision making, and some data collection a level of personalisation that provides competitive
processes often left a lot to be desired. Sales reports were advantage. Business intelligence tools that combine
only made every month and may not have covered customer insight with rapid marketing deployment,
each and every department. In addition, new collections build trust, inspire loyalty, and prove to the customer
or product lines typically arrived on a three-monthly that they are truly valued by the organisation.
basis and customers were happy to wait for goods to
be delivered. By bringing powerful analysis and reporting tools to
the desktop, decision makers can conduct their own
queries and prepare reports with minimal support from
database administrators and IT specialists so it takes
less time to collect business-critical information.
6 R E TA I L A N A LY T I C S
Improving Processes Across the Store Supply chain analysis — Real-time traceability is
With targeted business intelligence, retailers can essential for retailers who want to respond quickly
perform detailed analysis in a range of areas including to changing demand. Business intelligence can help
operations, customer management, events, trends, retailers attain a clearer view of their supply chain and
supply chain, and supplier relationships. even re-route global consignments to accelerate
deliveries as necessary.
Operations analysis — By frequently identifying
purchased combinations of products, retailers can help Category and event analysis — Using business intelli-
improve store layout and assortment planning. Basket gence tools in event monitoring, category management,
analysis can drive promotional campaigns and help and new product introductions is vital. Retailers need to
measure the effectiveness of marketing initiatives. be able to share information between the POS and
In addition, better analysis of in-store operations can suppliers so that forecasts can be shared and performance
improve staff planning to maximise efficiency and accurately mapped to maximise sales opportunities. In
cut staffing costs. addition, new product performance and the impact of
promotions need to be quickly analysed so that stores
Customer management analysis — Business intelligence can maintain a competitive edge.
can help retailers improve customer targeting, revenue
management, customer knowledge management, and Supplier relationship analysis — Successful replenish-
multi-channel integration. By analysing transactional ment often depends on the efficiency of third-party
data during the day, retailers can identify differences logistics providers. Sharing accurate performance data
in customer profiles, while real-time tools help stores with suppliers can help avert queries over service level
adapt prices to match demand patterns and improve agreements and provide a common basis for mutual
profitability. Critically, by understanding how personal improvement.
priorities affect shopping habits, retailers can also
anticipate customer needs to provide more appropriate Collaborative analysis — Real-time analysis of customer
services and products. demand improves order management and can help
streamline production and cut lead times. With the
Event analysis — Customer theft and internal fraud seamless exchange of information between the store
need to be identified quickly. Retail analytics can help and the supplier, everyone in the supply chain has access
control shrinkage by pinpointing exceptional events to the same product data, at the same time, to reduce
quickly and help retailers sort any problems out rapidly. errors and duplicated effort. A common frame-work for
Business intelligence can also help with promotions discussion can be established.
management by determining whether or not to rush in
extra stocks or mark down prices to cope with changes With the business intelligence market set to grow by
in consumer demand. a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.1 per cent
to US$4.5 billion (£2.5 billion) in 20071, the tools that
Trend analysis — With accurate analysis of stock-outs, serve each area of the retail environment are likely
retailers can tailor demand forecasting to improve to become more sophisticated as retailers become
their in-stock levels. At the same time, by assessing increasingly dependent on the data they can collect.
the impact on customer demand patterns of removing
slow-moving product lines, retailers can gain insights To keep pace with their competitors, retailers must
to optimise shopper satisfaction and stock turn. ensure that their technology infrastructure can support
initiatives to understand customers and consequently
increase sales.
1
IDC, Worldwide Business Intelligence Forecast and Analysis,
2003 — 2007 Study #29591, Dan Vesset (June 2003)
R E TA I L A N A LY T I C S 7
Business Intelligence in Action
8 R E TA I L A N A LY T I C S
Ethel Austin Assortment Planning
Fashion Retail Chain Every retailer aims to strike the right balance
To keep pace with the increasing competition from between product range and quantity. In short,
discount retailers, Ethel Austin needed to change its retailers must ensure enough selection without
approach to trading. The value fashion retail chain overstocking, taking seasonality into account, to
relied on spreadsheets to plan its merchandise. provide the right merchandise flow. Because
But gathering, storing, and analysing the supporting assortment planning solutions address the most
data was increasingly time consuming and prone to detailed element of merchandising, retailers can
errors. Further, the spreadsheets were not structured easily manage stock levels while addressing
or flexible enough to let the retailer flow figures customer preference and need.
top to bottom or bottom to top. Ethel Austin
replaced the spreadsheets with Compass Software’s Compass solutions have been developed in con-
comprehensive planning application. junction with leading European and U.S. retailers to
go beyond simple spreadsheets for automating the
Benefits assortment planning process. Compass Merchandise
• Cut the data for accurate Planning provides a blend of ‘top-down’ and
merchandise planning. ‘bottom-up’ merchandise planning functionality with
• React faster to market trends, an intuitive user interface that gives each individual
and change orders to meet demand. in the organisation the power to follow a process
• Produce consistent reports. workflow relevant to their role. By addressing the
• Provide best-practice processes not only to activities of store planning, visual merchandising
the merchandise team, but also to the buying, and reporting and analysis, the solution can handle
financial, and logistical teams. the detail required for an effective assortment
planning process.
R E TA I L A N A LY T I C S 9
Business Intelligence in Action continued
10 R E TA I L A N A LY T I C S
GlynWebb Category Management
DIY Home Improvement Store Understanding what customers are purchasing
in and across stores is crucial to taking advantage
Before rolling out solutions from JDA, Britain’s of retail opportunities. But getting the right mix
largest independent home improvement store, and number of products in the category involves
GlynWebb, often found that it sold out of its leading complex decision making. Consumers want an
lines on a daily basis while slower selling lines were optimum product range, appealing promotions,
left occupying valuable shelf space. So the retailer and compelling prices. Retailers that do not have
decided to shelve its traditional approach to cate- the resources to effectively manage all of their
gory management in favour of JDA Portfolio® Space buying categories on an ongoing basis will find
Management and Category Management solutions. managing expenditures difficult, let alone taking
GlynWebb is now more effectively and consistently advantage of additional savings opportunities.
reviewing its product range of approximately 8,000
products across 26 stores. The major issue of over- With smarter category management strategies,
stocking poorly selling products on the shelves retailers can quickly respond to market pressures and
is quickly being addressed. boost profits. Providing the most powerful, real-time
category management solutions available on the
Benefits market today, JDA solutions help to eliminate the
• Accurate plotting of products means that guesswork in determining merchandise performance.
stock has been reduced by up to 20 per cent In particular, their category management products
in some categories. deal with customer profiling, optimising product
• Ability to identify the most popular products assortment, reviewing category perform-ance, and
and give them the correct amount of shelf space. demand planning, so retailers can execute ‘financial-
• Maximised sales and revenue at the shelf edge. to-floor’ retail strategies.
• Improved overall shopping experience for
the customer.
R E TA I L A N A LY T I C S 11
The Right Tools
Faced with the chance to access a much higher level SQL Server 2000 performs the function of a relational
of information, retailers are unsurprisingly keen to database and includes a powerful built-in set of busi-
advance their competitive edge and jump on the ness intelligence tools. These include build and manage
business intelligence bandwagon. However, finding functionality, Online Analytical Processing (OLAP), data
the right analysis solution can prove difficult. mining and reporting out of the box, with Microsoft
SQL Server 2000 Analysis Services and Microsoft SQL
When retailers make a technology investment, they need Server 2000 Reporting Services.
to be confident that it can integrate easily with any
existing infrastructure, deliver immediate incremental Why Microsoft Technology?
value when tested and deployed, and that it can scale Microsoft SQL Server is hugely attractive to retailers
to accommodate future requirements. because it comes with an out-of-the-box relational
database as well as an OLAP database and data mining
By developing their solutions on the Microsoft®.NET technology. With the Microsoft suite of interoperable
Framework and XML Web services, and implementing products, companies can optimise their processes by
products such as Microsoft BizTalk® Server, Microsoft quickly converting raw data into usable insights with-
SharePointTM Portal Server and Microsoft SQL ServerTM, out the need for additional tools or applications.
retailers can easily integrate real-time business In addition, the Microsoft business intelligence
intelligence tools into their existing systems. platform can build on any incumbent investment
in heterogeneous legacy tools and environments.
Using BizTalk Server (an integration hub), companies
can connect business systems and processes, while Retailers do, however, have the option to deploy a
SharePoint Portal Server promotes quick and easy business intelligence solution that is solely based on
company-wide collaboration allowing individuals Microsoft technology so they can achieve a superior
to exchange, compare and discuss documents and total cost of ownership and better value for money.
processes quickly and easily — even if their offices are If they find their requirements are more complex,
physically remote. Microsoft Office tools such as the Microsoft independent software vendor (ISV) partners
Microsoft Office Business Scorecard, Microsoft Excel, can provide best-in-class applications that extend the
and the Microsoft Office Excel Add-In for Microsoft value of the Microsoft data environment.
SQL Server Analysis Services, all help companies extend
their business intelligence solutions from the server to The Microsoft platform for business intelligence provides
the desktop with familiar and easy-to-use tools. the building blocks for end-to-end business solutions
that help retailers draw valuable insights from their
business and operational data, and then turn these
insights into well-informed, effective business decisions.
Microsoft takes a server approach to business intelligence,
whereas other vendors offer portfolios of business tools.
SQL Server 2000 is the foundation for all the components
in the Microsoft business intelligence suite of products.
12 R E TA I L A N A LY T I C S
Microsoft has now overtaken Hyperion Solutions to
become the largest OLAP vendor (28 per cent market
share in 20042) and that lead is destined to increase
in 2005. SQL Server 2000 integrates seamlessly with
Microsoft Office solutions, for example Excel Add-in for
SQL Server Analysis Services, and Business Scorecard.
2
Source: The OLAP report, www.olapreport.com.
R E TA I L A N A LY T I C S 13
Microsoft Partner Ecosystem
Compass Software
www.compass-software.co.uk
Compass Software (part of Torex Retail) is one of the U.K.’s leading providers of planning, design and business
intelligence solutions to retailers, suppliers and brands, which enable businesses to maximise their profitability
and optimise supply chain performance, and competitive advantage.
Geac
www.geac.com
Geac is a global enterprise software company for Business Performance Management, providing customers
worldwide with the core financial and operational solutions and services to improve their business performance
in real time.
JDA Software
www.jda.com
JDA Software is a global leader in delivering integrated software and professional services for the retail demand
chain. JDA Portfolio is the industry’s leading suite of best-in-class products that manage and optimise demand
chain processes from finished goods to customer checkout.
KSS
www.kssg.com
KSS is the leading provider of price optimisation tools for the Retail and Petroleum industries. KSS specialise
in advising and supporting company’s processes to set prices which enhance price image and loyalty, improve
planning and process execution, and most crucially — generating immediate margin and profitability
improvements.
OutlookSoft Corporation
www.outlooksoft.com
OutlookSoft Corporation is the leading provider of unified, real-time corporate performance management
solutions (CPM) powered by the Microsoft business intelligence platform. The company’s web-based solution,
OutlookSoft Corporate Performance Management, provides a single CPM application for strategic planning,
budgeting, forecasting, statutory consolidation, reporting, analysis, predictive analytics, scorecarding, and
dashboards.
14 R E TA I L A N A LY T I C S
Panorama Software
www.panorama.com
Panorama Software Systems is a premier developer of business intelligence products and solutions. Panorama
NovaView e-BI product line provides the ultimate web-based business intelligence solution for enterprises and
exposes the full functionality of Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Analysis Services.
ProClarity Corporation
www.proclarity.com
ProClarity’s industry-leading application development platform helps customers build sophisticated custom
analytic solutions that enable decision makers to make more insightful choices faster. These solutions, based on
business processes, decision-making workflows and existing database and software technologies, feature patented
visualisations, web-like navigation and powerful calculations to transform information into understanding.
Sysrepublic Ltd.
www.sysrepublic.com
Sysrepublic specialise in the provision of software products and consultancy services for the retail and hospitality
sectors. Sysrepublic works with major retailers worldwide to deliver leading integration and data exploitation
solutions. Implemented using Microsoft .NET technologies, Real Time Integrator provides retailers with a
comprehensive, packaged infrastructure on which to execute the vision of real-time retail.
Torex Retail
www.torexretail.com
Torex Retail boasts an unparalleled track record of more than 20 years, servicing some of the biggest names in
retailing in both the UK and Europe. Our solution set spans all facets of the retail systems business, from leading-
edge, electronic point-of-sale software, to merchandise management solutions, sophisticated performance and
productivity systems, and loss prevention and basket analysis solutions.
Wipro Technologies
www.wipro.com
Wipro Technologies is the world’s first PCMM and SEI CMMi Level 5 certified IT Services company. Wipro’s
customers include 6 out of Store magazine’s top 10 retailers. The focus areas in retail are price optimisation,
promotions management, DDSN, RFID, GDS, e-tailing, multi-channel integration, collaboration solutions,
pharmacy and analytics.
R E TA I L A N A LY T I C S 15
More Information
© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, the Microsoft logo, Windows, BizTalk Server,
and SQL Server are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States
and/or other countries. The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the trademarks
of their respective owners.