Ant101 final exam review 2011

Chapter 1
—Subfields of anthropology
—Subfields of physical anthropology
—Subfields of osteology
—Anthropology and science
—Theoretical perspectives

Chapter 2: Basics of archaeology

—Survey
—Excavation
—Analysis
—Interpretation

Dating methods
—Relative vs Absolute
—Mechanism/use
—Time frame
—Limitations

Chapter 3: biology & evolution

—History of biological thought
 Who
 What
 Importance
 limitations

Evolution – Darwin
—Natural selection
—Evolutionary forces
—Adaptation
—Speciation

Genetics – Mendel
—Principles
—Protein synthesis
—Genetic terms

Chapter 4 Primates
—Primate traits
—Primate behaviors
Primate taxonomy
—Who
—Traits

Chapter 5 Primate Origins

—Major periods & epochs
—Epochs of the Cenozoic
  Who is probable ancestor
 When did they live
 Where are they found
 What are their general traits

Chapter 6: australopithecines
—Gracile vs robust species
 Where
 When
 Traits

Gracile
—East Africa:
 A.anamensis
 A.afarensis
—South Africa
 A.africanus
Robust
—East Africa
 A.boisei
 A.aethiopicus
—South Africa
 A.robustus

Chapter 7 to 9 :evolution of the genus Homo

—Know each species
—Where are they found
—When did they live
—What are their general traits - primitive, unique, derived

Tool technology
 What is the tradition called
 Species
 Characteristic tool
 Function
 Method of manufacture
 Where
 When

Chapter 7
—Early homo
—Homo habilis - Oldowan

Chapter 8
—Homo erectus – Acheulean (Chopping tool tradition in SE Asia)
—Homo ergaster (African H. erectus)
Chapter 9
—Archaic Homo sapiens
—H. heidelbergensis - Levailloisian
—H. neandertalensis – Mousterian

—H. florensiensis

Chapter 10: modern humans

Hypotheses for their origin
 Out of Africa
 Multiregional
 Partial replacement/assimilation
Modern HumanTraits
 When, where, tool traditions
 Cultural traditions
 Migrations into the New World

Chapter 11 beginnings of domestication

Epipaleolithic/Mesolithic/Archaic
—Neolithic
 Low level food production
 Natufians
—Beginnings of agriculture
—Centers of food domestication t/o the world

Chapter 12 civilizations
-Traits of civilzation
—1st civilizations of the world
 Mesopotamia – Sumerian
 Egyptian
 Indus valley – Harappan
 Chinese
 Mesoamerican – Mayan & Inca

Chapter 13 : modern human variation

—Race & racism
—Environmental variables iin human variation
—Importance of populational genetics

ERA: Cenozoic
EPOCHS
—Paleocene 65 – 55 mya – 1st primates?
—Eocene 55 – 34 mya – prosimians
—Oligocene 34 – 23 mya - monkeys
—Miocene 23 – 5 mya - apes
—Pliocene 5 – 1.8 mya – hominins (australopithecines)
—Pleistocene 1.8 mya – 10,000 ya (genus Homo)

Pleistocene 1.8 mya – 10,000 ya

Lower Pleistocene
—(1.8 mya – 200,000 ya )
—2.5 mya – 1.6 mya - early Homo (Homo habilis)
—1.8 mya – 270,000 ya - H. erectus

Middle Pleistocene
—800/600 kya – 100 kya
archaic H. sapiens (H. heidelbergensis)
—300 kya – 30 kya Neandertals

Upper Pleistocene
—190 kya – modern H. sapiens

Cultural Periods:
Lower Paleolithic
—2.5 – 1.4 mya Oldowan
—1.7 mya – 250 kya Acheulean

Middle Paleolithic
—300kya Levailloisian
—200kya Mousterian

Upper Paleolithic
—Aurignacian 50 kya